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Arms exports to countries involved in conflict often lead to serious human rights abuses, especially when used against civilians and infrastructure.

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Organizations like Mwatana and ECCHR are using strategic litigation to hold States and companies accountable for arms exports that contribute to war crimes.

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Despite international laws, there are major gaps in arms transfer controls, with courts often reluctant to challenge governments and companies lacking transparency.

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Under UN principles, companies must respect human rights, but many still hide behind state licenses instead of taking responsibility for their role in conflicts.