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In The Resisters Research Padlet Project, you will choose a Holocaust resister, uprising, or group involved in resistance and conduct research to understand their actions and impact. You will then create a virtual board on Padlet, showcasing your findings with text, images, and multimedia links. The project aims to highlight the bravery and significance of those who resisted oppression during the Holocaust.

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Sara Fortis was born in 1927 and her father passed away and she was 2 months.Sara Fortis is Jewish Sara knew it was time to leave her hometown when the Germans arrived in 1941. She had heard about Jews in other small Greek towns being deported by the Nazis and never returning.Her and the mom where able to escape the small village and hid in Kuturla and they stayed there for some time.Also when it was no longer safe for the Jews Sarah was told to escape while the villagers agreed to hide her mom.Meaning she had to leave her mom behind.Due to this Sarah decided to become a resistance fighter She wanted to play a significant role in that group not just any type of role.Sara traveled and went from village to vilge to ask around who wanted to she traveled from village to village to recruit other females who wanted to fight.Due to that impact Sara formed a band of female partisans and they were ten times better then the men fighters.They burned down houses, accomplish natzi collaborators, and helped out the men in a way no group of females had before.They helped out so much that the males were shocked.

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Read the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation’s short biography of Sara Fortis.

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She helped out in the resistance with passing out in distributing anti-Nazi newspapers and pamphlets. She also had glued warnings across German posters in the street calling men to work in Germany. Keep in mind that if she was caught working for the resistance, she could be killed or sent to an obedience camp. But her age was a striking disguise. Since she was only 14, Nazi officers didn't bat an eye. Soon Freddie was able to engage in more acts of the resistance, sabotage bridges and railway lines. Not to mention--learn to shoot, to shoot Nazis! yes you heard right, young Freddie, would lure Nazis into the woods and they would never come back out.. well only once. But on multiple occasions she had gone on assassination missions with her sister and no one else. Freddie had helped out the resistance a lot, and although she was taking the life of a Nazi officer-- she might as well have been saving thousands of innocent people simultaneously.

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Sarah Sarah oussinou

Women who resist

Despite the violence and murderous acts women had to face against the Nazis, there were women around Europe who fought and resist. Women who were involved in the Socalist, Communist or Zionist Youth act like couriers who bought information back to the ghettos, leaders or members of ghetto resistance organizations and delivered aid and rescue operations of the Jews in Nazi-Europe.

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“ Haika Grosman, one of the organizers of the Bialystok ghetto underground and participant in the Bialystok ghetto revolt. Poland, 1945.” -Moreshet Mordechai Anilevich Memorial, https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/women-during-the-holocaust

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-Sarah oussinou

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The schoolgirl who survived the Holocaust by fooling the Nazis- Helga Weiss 

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The schoolgirl who survived the Holocaust by fooling the Nazis- Helga Weiss 

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Helga Weiss was a brave person who stood up against the Holocaust and smartly outwitted the Nazis to survive. In 1944, while at an Auschwitz station she claimed to be older than she really was, saying she was fit for work. Helga´s mother convinced the Nazis, who were following Mengele's orders that Helga was actually her older sister. The smart trick led to Helga being sent to the labor camp instead of the gas chamber. Before she was taken to the Nazi Terezín as a child, she witnessed the horrific changes occurring during the Holocaust. Helga was one out of 150 to 1,500 children who believed to survived of the 15,000 sent to Terezín. Later, Helga was transferred from Auschwitz to a labor camp at Flossenbürg, there she barely escaped death again during a 16-day "death march" to the Mauthausen camp. Helga stayed at the camp until the war ended.

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Holocaust resister: Vladka Meed BY STEPHANY CORRALES

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Holocaust resister: Vladka Meed BY STEPHANY CORRALES

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Vladka Meed was born on December 29, 1921, Warsaw, Poland and died on November 21, 2012 (age 90 years), Paradise Valley, AZ. After Vladka Meed survived the Holocaust, she became famous for rescuing Jews from labor camps and surviving the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, she decided that she wanted to educate people on the Holocaust and even published books about her experience during the Holocaust. An important fact about this person is that she smuggled a dynamite into the Warsaw Ghetto, and also helped children escape out of the Ghetto. An impact she did was helping Jewish people escape from the ghetto to be sheltered in Christian homes. Some information about Vladka Meed is that she convinced non-Jews that she was not Jewish and used false identification papers to smuggled weapons across the Warsaw Ghetto walls.

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Diary of a Holocaust-era teenager - By Eva M.

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Diary of a Holocaust-era teenager - By Eva M.

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Eva Heyman was a young Jewish girl. She was Jewish and from Hungary. During the holocaust, she wrote in a diary about her experience. In March of 1944, the Nazis took control of Hungary. In three months, over 21,000 were forced out of their homes and pushed to live in ghettos. The deportations started on May 24. In her diary entry from March 19, 1944, she wrote, “Dear diary, you are the luckiest one in the world because you cannot feel or know the terrible things that have happened to us. The Germans have come!”(The Diary of Eva Heyman) two months later, Eva was taken to Auschwitz, and was killed in October 1944, according to Yad Vashem. Her diary ends just before her deportation. Heymans mother, who survived the Holocaust, found the diary in Nagyvárad in 1945 after they were free'd. In her last page on May 30, she wrote, “Dear diary, I don’t want to die; I want to live even if it means I’ll be the only one allowed to stay.”(The diary of Eva Heyman) The last words were, “I can’t write anymore, dear diary. The tears run from my eyes.”(The Diary of Eva Heyman)

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Raoul Wallenberg "was born on August 4, 1912 in Lidingö Municipality".Raoul Wallenberg was a swedish archiect and buisnesman.Wallenberg was most likely killed by Soviet authorities in 1947 because of claims that he may have been associated with people. "Helping not only Jews but also Nazi war criminals escape prosecution".Raoul Wallenberg saved about 100,000 "Jews by giving them passports" "Swedish houses" as safe havens, and using his polictician influence to protect Jews from deportation".

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The french resistance played a big part in helping the allies to succeed in western Europe especially in D-day.The french resistance supplied the allies with vital intelligence reports as well as doing a huge amount of work to disrupt the Germans supply. But in June 1940 France surrendered which was a letdown to most of the french and left them in shock til June 18 1940 a man named Charles De Gaulle addressed the french to continue fighting against the Germans. During 1941 the french resistance was on a rough start due to the peculiar political complexities of France, although by June 1941 their work was much more organized and was working well. In that same month all the communist groups within France joined forces to create one group and this simple act greatly increased its power against the germans. By November 11th 1941 German forces have occupied the entirety of France, later on Germany was planning to attack Russia which led to many french communists joining the movement. By 1944, it is estimated that there were 100,000 members of the resistance movements that existed in France which proved their power. Just one year earlier, there were just 40,000 members. By spring of 1944, there were 60 intelligence cells whose task was solely to collect intelligence as opposed to carrying out acts of sabotage. And then D-day happened where the allies finally arrived and the Germans were screwed for good.

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Irena was born in Warsaw 1910, however she grew up in a small town of otwock, Poland. Irena was indeed an only child but she had two kids, a son and a daughter. Irans great grandfather led a rebellion against the czars, When the Warsaw ghetto erected in 1940 irena could no longer help isolated Jews. The size of the Ghetto was about the size of New York City's central park. Irena wanted to continue helping Jews so she used her papers as a polish social worker and peppers from one of the workers from the Contagious Disease Department ( who was apart of the underground zegota) to enter the ghetto . While in the Zegota organisation her role was in the children division where she smuggled children out. Irena was one of many who saved children's life’s . Irena and the other ten members who went with her to the dirty filthy ghetto used many methods to save children and smuggle children out . There was 5 main ways, 1: using an ambulance a child could be taken out hidden under the stretcher 2: escape through the courthouse. 3: a child could be taken out using the sewer pipes or other secret underground passages 4:A trolley could carry out children hiding in a sack, in a trunk, a suitcase or something similar. finally, if a child could pretend to be sick or was actually very ill, it could be legally removed using the ambulance. Irena made sure that each of the family's of a child in hiding new that there child would be taken back to a relative after the war . However sadly almost all of the parents and family ´ s where killed at the Treblinka death camp. Latter on, she had been caught and was sentenced to death she was to be shot, however Irena did not give up in fact she bribed the German executioner who helped her escape . During the remaining years of the war she lived hidden like the children she saved. Irena was the only one who new where the children were hiding and when the war was over she did the best of her ability to find the relatives of the children in hiding and contact them . In summery Irena was a hero, she hid Jews from nazis to save them and put her life in risk for others. She indeed did not give up she resisted to let Jewish people be tortured by nazis party members.

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Frank blaichman was 16 at the time of hitler envaded jewish people.Frank blaichman was bron in kamionka poland in december 1922 .he soon became a leader of a band of partisans trying to disrupt the nazis from inside the country.He joined a group of Jewish partisans who roamed the forests in search of weapons and food after deportations of Jews began in 1942. and Blaichman eventually commanded a unit of Jewish partisans that linked up with other Jewish partisan groups and Communist partisan forces. His unit disrupted German supply lines and communications, and targeted German collaborators.

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Frank Blaichman was 16 at the time of Hitler envaded the Jewish people.he was born in kamionka Poland , in December 1922.he soon became a leader of a band of partisans trying to disrupt the nazis from inside the country.When the German army invaded Poland in 1939, Blaichman, then 16, began taking risks to help his family survive the hardships of the Nazi occupation. He helped some of the Jews gather food,weapons after deportations of Jews began in 1942.blaichmans story serves as an example of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust

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Hannah sensesh was a paratrooper trained to rescue jews during the holocaust and she was 22 years old at that time she was born in july 17, 1921 and she was mostly know as senesh because senesh became a symbol of idealism and self-sacrifice and she was born into an assimilated jewish family in hungary.

Hannah sensech enlisted in the british women´s auxiliary air force as an aircraftwomen 2nd class in 1943 and one day hannah sensesh was arrested by hungarian gendarmes in march 14,1944 and than taken to prison and was tied to a chair and got whipped and clubbed for three days and on those three days she lost several teeth as result of the beating and than they arrested her mother for not wanting to talk or give information to them and the threatened to kill her mother is she didn´t not cooperate and later on she was tried for treason in hungary on october 28,1944 by a court appointed by the fascist arrow cross regime but sadly on november 7,1944 she was executed by a firing squad and she kept diary entries until her last day. One of them read: "In the month of July, I shall be twenty-three/I played a number in a game/The dice have rolled. I have lost," and another: "I loved the warm sunlight." and on 1950 her dairy was published in hebrew and her remains were brough to israel in 1950 and buried in the cemetery on mount herzl,jerusalem,

This is hannah senesh and her story.

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Helmuth Hübener, a 16-year-old Mormon youth living in Hitler’s Germany, exhibited unprecedented moral courage in opposing the propaganda machine of the Nazi regime in the summer of 1941. For his action and trouble he was arrested on February 5, 1942 less than a month after turning 17. He was brutally interrogated and later attacked and tortured in Gestapo prisons in Hamburg and Berlin, and then finally got sentenced to Gestapo’s Berlin prison on October 27, 1942 as the youngest person (at age 17) to be sentenced by Hitler’s special “People’s Court” and executed for conspiracy to commit betrayal against the Nazis. Helmuth Hubener was a remarkable boy — a worthy role model for any teenager, male or female, then or now. He was born in hamburg,germany. He died at 17. He used his typewriter to create and distribute pamphlets that challenged Nazi narratives and called on Germans to resist Hitler.  His story continues to inspire people to stand up for what they believe in, even in the face of adversity, and to speak out against injustice. October 27, 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee is when and where Helmuth hubener sadly passed away. He will be remembered as a role model and a leader.

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Frank Blaichman was 16 at the time of Hitler envaded the Jewish people.He was born in Kamionka Poland , in December 1922.he soon became a leader of a band of partisans trying to disrupt the nazis from inside the country.When the German army invaded Poland in 1939, Blaichman, then 16, began taking risks to help his family survive the hardships of the Nazi occupation. He helped some of the Jews gather food,weapons after deportations of Jews began in 1942. blaichmans story serves as an example of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust. He was assigned to work two days a week in the fields of a nearby estate because he got caught on the illegall road out back trying to smuggle food.where potatoes, sugar beets, and other crops were grown. Once again he took an incredible risk: he found someone he could pay to take his place in the field because he needed to keep his family alive and safe.

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Frank Bleichman: Oral History Excerpts Frank Bleichman (also spelled Blaichman) was born in Kamionka, Poland (near Lublin) on December 11, 1922. His grandmother owned a grocery story and his father was a grain merchant. He was sixteen years old upon the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.

Although German officials issued decrees that limited Jewish travel outside of Kamionka and required Jews to identify themselves by wearing armbands, Bleichman took a number of risks in order to help his parents and six brothers and sisters. He rode his bicycle from the neighboring farms and villages to Lubartow (6 miles east) and Lublin (12 miles south) where he bought and sold goods like honey, chickens, butters, grains, meat, tobacco, yarns, and sugar. Bleichman spoke Polish fluently and was able to travel among the population without being recognized as a Jew (he refused to wear the Star of David armband and traveled without the necessary permits). He was assigned to work two days a week on a nearby estate with crops, but instead he paid someone to fill his place and continued to engage in underground trading.

In October 1942, the Kamionka Jewish council ( Judenrat) informed the Jewish residents that they would be resettled in the Lubartow ghetto. Bleichman slipped out of Kamionka and went to a gentile farmer who offered him assistance. He later learned that the Jews of Kamionka had not been relocated to the Lubartow ghetto; they were deported on trains to an unknown destination. Bleichman heard that a group of Jews was hiding in the forest, so after two days with the farmer, he made his way to the forest and found more than one hundred Jews living in an encampment of small bunkers in the forest. He realized that the group was in constant danger both from the Germans and from Poles who threatened them and occasionally attacked them. Bleichman encouraged the group to form a defense unit to guard the camp even though they had no firearms. In December 1942 the group managed to acquire firearms from a local Polish farmer

Over time, Bleichman's unit increased in size. They were joined by refugees from Markuszow and expanded to sixty fighters. In the spring of 1943, Bleichman encountered Samuel Gruber. Gruber's group consisted of men who had fought with the Polish Army and knew how to use explosives and mines. The two groups joined together and became a more effective fighting force. By September 1943, the Polish People's Army realized that the Bleichman and Gruber groups could be a dependable ally in the fight against the Germans and provided them with supplies that had been parachuted in by the Soviet air force. Now equipped with hand grenades, explosives, land mines, machine guns, and ammunition, the group could be even more successful in fighting the Germans.

In 1944, Bleichman's group received an order from the People's Army to move east and join forces with another Jewish partisan unit in the Parczew area commaned by Yechiel Greenshpan. Gruber was appointed deputy commander and Bleichman, at the age of 21, became the unit's youngest platoon commander. In July 1944, the Soviet Red Army advanced from the east and entered the Parczew forest. The German tanks and troops retreated.

After the war, Bleichman married Cesia Pomeranc, who had also lived in the Parczew area, and six years later they settled in the United States.

Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

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Frank Bleichman: Oral History Excerpts Frank Bleichman (also spelled Blaichman) was born in Kamionka, Poland (near Lublin) on December 11, 1922. His grandmother owned a grocery story and his father was a grain merchant. He was sixteen years old upon the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.

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Frank Blaichman, a Jewish partisan leader during the Holocaust, was born in Kamionka, Poland, in December 1922 and became a key figure in the Jewish resistance, organizing a defense unit and fighting against the Nazis. He was 16 when the German army invaded Poland in 1939.And he fled Kamionka in 1942 and joined a group of Jewish partisans, fighting against the Nazis.Frank Blaichman, a Jewish partisan leader during the Holocaust, was born in Kamionka, Poland, in December 1922 and became a key figure in the Jewish resistance, organizing a defense unit and fighting against the Nazis. He was 16 when the German army invaded Poland in 1939.And he fled Kamionka in 1942 and joined a group of Jewish partisans, fighting against the Nazis.Frank blakhmen organized a defense unit, initially using illusion to acquire weapons and later expanded his group to include other resistance fighters.Also He was the youngest platoon commander and even escorted the future prime minister of Poland to a secret meeting with Soviet high command. Frank Blaichman showed resistance When deportations of Jews from the Lublin area began in 1942, Frank joined a group of Jewish partisans who roamed the forests in search of weapons and food. After obtaining weapons by posing as Soviet paratroopers, they were able to defend themselves against German raids and take revenge against collaborators. organized a defense unit, initially using illusion to acquire weapons and later expanded his group to include other resistance fighters.Also He was the youngest platoon commander and even escorted the future prime minister of Poland to a secret meeting with Soviet high command. Frank Blaichman showed resistance When deportations of Jews from the Lublin area began in 1942, Frank joined a group of Jewish partisans who roamed the forests in search of weapons and food. After obtaining weapons by posing as Soviet paratroopers, they were able to defend themselves against German raids and take revenge against collaborators. Blaichman is remembered as a Jewish partisan hero for his courage and leadership during the Holocaust. Frank Blakhmen Died on January 25, 2019, at the age of 96.

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Helmuth Henbener by the queen aka Ariam Almanzar

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Helmuth Henbener by the queen aka Ariam Almanzar

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Helumuth Henbener exhibited unprecedented moral courage in opposing the propaganda machine of the Nazi regime in the summer of 1941. For his trouble he was arrested on February 5, 1942 he was tortured in Gestapo prisons in Hamburg On the day of his execution, October 27, 1942 Helmuth Hubener, a 17-year-old member of the German resistance against the Nazis, was beheaded in Berlin-Plotzensee prison, having been sentenced to death for his actions. in Berlin's Plötzensee Prison, Helumuth Henbener was executed for his role in the German resistance specifically for listening to enemy radio broadcasts,distributing anti-Nazi regime's propaganda. He was the youngest person of the German resistance to Nazism to be sentenced to death by the Sondergericht

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Helmuth Hübener on the Day of His Execution:by Dylan P.

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Helmuth Hübener on the Day of His Execution:by Dylan P.

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Helmuth Hübener was a 16 y/o boy that was German,but despite that he opposed the propaganda hitler was putting out.But he was arrested due to resisting and was executed on october 27, 1942.

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Malka Zimetbaum was the youngest of five children born to Pinkas Zimetbaum and his wife Chaya, in Brzesko, Poland on the 26 January 1918.The family moved to Belgium and Malka was registered as living in the city of Antwerp on the 21 March 1928. Malka was a model pupil and she excelled in mathematics and languages. She had a command of Flemish, French, German, Polish and English.

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Alexander was born in Kremenchung, 1909, he was a Jewish Lieutenant in the Soviet Army, he moved to Rostovo-Don at a young age and was trained as a musician before he was eventually drafted into the Soviet Army when Germany invaded Soviet Russia in the summer of 1941. In the same year he got captured by the Germans, got sent to work camps, and escaped, then got captured again then sent to a death camp. At the death camp Sobibor, October 14, 1943, Alexander planned and led a successful revolt against the Germans, half of the prisoners escaped, some of them died to the surrounding minefield or of the set up a manhunt for the escapees. Alexander then returned to the Soviet Army and left to go to his hometown because of a serious injury. He then returned as a witness at the 1963 trial of 11 Ukrainian guards who had served at Sobibor. Alexander Pechersky is a prime example of someone who wanted to revolt against the Germans.

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Escape attempt from Auschwitz-Dfli Clark 

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Escape attempt from Auschwitz-Dfli Clark 

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Malka Zimetbaum was the youngest of five children born to Pinkas Zimetbaum and his wife Chaya, in Brzesko, Poland on the 26 January 1918. Her and her family moved to Belgium on the 21 March 1928. The Germans took Mala first to the notorious Fort Breendonk, then five days later she was transferred to Mechelen, where German authorities had turned the Dossin Barracks into a collection and deportation point for Jews. The Nazis or Germans took Malka to a women’s camp at Birkenau and after was placed there undergoing the normal humiliations for new arrivals at Auschwitz-Birkenau, was tattooed on her forearm with the number 19880. after a few days Mala Zimetbaum, helped Malka Zimetbaum escaped by having Galiński disguise himself as an SS man and "escorting" her out of the camp, but they were caught and executed after a brutal interrogation. In June 1944

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Vladka Meed, who original name was Feigele Peltel. She was the Jewish underground in the Warsaw Ghetto. She would act like a christian to blend in. She spoke Polish taking the appearance of an Aryan. Meed became a successful underground courier, collecting and smuggling weapons across the wall to give to the "Jewish Fighting Organization She received numerous awards like,1995 Elie Wiesel Remembrance Award. immediately after the Nazis had lost power, she married soon after the end of World War II. In 1946 she attended the second ship bringing survivors from Europe.They sent her to lecture about her experiences, About how she helped the JLC. She was the chairperson of cultural events for the World Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors, held in Jerusalem in 1981. then followed up a later group’s meeting in Washington. She would help children escape the ghetto and keep them in sheltred christian homes smuggling dynamite for the resistance. Meed would use false identification papers to smuggled weapons across the ghetto in Warsaw.

CREDIT: https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/meed-vladka#pid-11555

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Vladka Meed, whose given name was Feigele Peltel, served the Jewish underground in the Warsaw Ghetto by passing as a Christian outside its walls. Fluent in Polish and possessing a typical "Aryan" appearance, Meed became a successful underground courier, smuggling weapons across the wall to the Jewish Fighting Organization. Meed came to New York immediately following the war and in 1948 she published a memoir about her experiences, On Both Sides of the Wall, in Yiddish. She lectured widely about the Holocaust and was extremely active in Holocaust education and memorialization. As vice president of the Jewish Labor Committee, she ran the Yiddish Cultural and Welfare Department for many years. She received numerous awards, including the 1993 Hadassah Henrietta Szold Award and the 1995 Elie Wiesel Remembrance Award.

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Vladka Meed was an underground courier who smuggled weapons to the Jewish Fighting Organization inside the Warsaw Ghetto while passing as a Christian outside its walls. In 1948 she published a memoir about her experiences, On Both Sides of the Wall. Meed received many awards for her work in Holocaust education and memorialization.

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The schoolgirl who survived the Holocaust by fooling the Nazis by: Ayden Abreu

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The schoolgirl who survived the Holocaust by fooling the Nazis by: Ayden Abreu

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Helga Weiss and her mom were sent to a concentration camp and were asked about Helga's age by a Nazi, Helga and her mom lied to the Nazi and Helga was able to survive. She created a diary just like Anne Frank and the diary got published in the UK then a few years after it was being taken and being read by people all over the world. Also,

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Vladka Meed was born on December 29, 1921, Warsaw, Poland and died on Novermber 21, 2012 (age 90 years), Paradise Valley, AZ. Vladka Meed was the oldest of three children and was only 17 when the Germans invaded Poland. Vladka Meed was able to convince non-Jewish people that she wasn't Jewish even though she was because she had characteristics like blue eyes and fair hair, and she could speak polish, she used this to her advantage to lie that she was polish and she actually got away with it

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Vladka Meed helped Jewish people from labor camps escape and sheltered them in Christian homes by smuggling weapons across the Warsaw Ghetto walls, she accomplished this with false identification papers. Vladka survived the Warsaw Ghetto uprising she dedicated herself to publishing books where she talks about her experience during the Warsaw ghetto uprising and educating people about the Holocaust.

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This Teenager Killed Nazis With Her Sister During WWII by Amariah white

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This Teenager Killed Nazis With Her Sister During WWII by Amariah white

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There where girls named Freddie Oversteegen and her little sister Truus Oversteegen. At the age of 14 years old Freddie became an armed assassin, With the help of her sister Truus and another women Hannie Schaft they seduced, lured, robbed, and killed Nazi men.

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Resistance Fighter: Vladka Meed by stefany

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Resistance Fighter: Vladka Meed by stefany

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Vladka Meed was a Jewish resistance fighter ( part of ZOB), was against the Nazis and survived the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising( April 19, 1943- May 16, 1943). She was born on December 29, 1921, Warsaw, Poland and died on November 21, 2012 when she was 90 years old. Her original birth name was Feigele Peltel, which she had to change to Vladka because she had to disguise as a non- Jewish person. She used false identification papers to pass and help Jewish people escape out of the Warsaw Ghetto and find safe hidden places for them like Christian homes, where they would hide with people who were not Jewish but were against the Nazis. She would also smuggle weapons into the Warsaw Ghetto to help the Jewish fighters defend themselves against the Nazis. Some of the things that helped her accomplish all of these things were her characteristics and traits. Not only was she brave and determined to help Jewish people escape, but she also had the appearance of a Polish woman, which she took to her advantage to fake her identity and survive. After the holocaust, Vladka Meed married Benjamin Meed who

was also a survivor and dedicated herself to educating people on the holocaust and even published her own books where she writes about her experience during the Warsaw Ghetto.

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Last Words: Hannie Schaft by amariah white

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Last Words: Hannie Schaft by amariah white

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Hannie Schaft, born on September 16, 1920, in Haarlem, the Netherlands, became a key person during the Holocaust for her acts of courage while resisting Nazi occupation. She was a student of law and an aspiring journalist when the Nazis implemented their oppressive rule in the Netherlands. As anti-Semiticactivity was on the rise, Schaft became increasingly involved with the resistance movement of the Dutch.She was also driven by justice and individual tragedy: witnessing Jewishacquaintances and friends persecuted, she opted to do something against the occupying forces.

Schaft became part of the Dutch resistance group "De Geuzen" andinitially fought sabotage against German military actions. She then, however, turned to more active forms of resistance—attacking collaborators and Nazi officials. With her fiery red hair easily identifying her, she employed various disguises in order to not be caught by her adversaries while on missions to undermine Nazi occupation. Her devotion to assistingJewish individuals also defined her actions; Schaft provided shelter and assistance to others who were fleeing persecution, demonstrating moral courage amidst a world full of fear.

Sadly, Hannie Schaft was arrested by the Gestapo in 1944 and subsequently executed on April 17 of the same year at the youthful age of twenty-four.Brief as her life had been, Schaft's memory endures today as a shining symbol of resistance against brutalityand oppression in the darkest periodin history. Her life serves as a graphicreminder of individual bravery in themidst of widespread oppression and symbolizes the imperative to engage instruggles for human rights at any moment.

(Research founded athttps://bytesdaily.blogspot.com/2013/09/last-words-hannie-schaft.html?m=1 and https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/07/obituaries/hannie-schaft-overlooked.html)

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Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (1920 -1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War 11. Her secret name in the resistance movement was Hannie and she became known as The Girl with Red Hair.

As a law student she became friends with a number of Jewish students and opposed Nazi persecution. She refused to sign the declaration supporting the Nazi occupation of Holland and instead became a member of the Dutch resistance movement, helping people escape the Nazis. Initially nvolved in the distribution of illegal resistance newsletters and the theft of ID cards, which she'd turn over to her Jewish friends, she later also carried out attacks on Germans, collaborators and traitors.

On 17 April, 1945, seven weeks before the liberation of Holland, she was captured at a military checkpoint in possession of underground pamphlets and a pistol. Realising that they now had in custody the resistance member who had been on their hit list, the Nazis ignored the agreement that had been reached with the Dutch authorities to stop executions.

Three weeks before the end of the war she was taken to the sand dunes of Bloemendaal by a Dutch driver, three German soldiers and the Dutch detective, Maarten Kuijper. The 24 year old Hannie, Kuijper and German Mattheus Schmitz led their prisoner into the dunes, a man with the shovel bringing up the rear. Schmitz, walking a few paces Hannie, drew his pistol and fired, causing her to cry out in pain from a wound to the head but not fall. She said to the men in front of her "I could shoot better". Kuijper then levelled a machine gun at her and shot her dead. Kuijper then helped the others bury the body in a shallow grave.

After the war, in these dunes the remains of 422 resistance people were found, 421 men and one woman, Hannie Schaft.

Hannie Schaft was reburied at the honorary cemetery at the dunes in Overeen in the presence of Princess Juliana and her husband Prince Bernard. Later, as queen, Juliana unveiled a bronze commemorative statue in the Kenau Park in nearby Haarlem, her birthplace. Hannie Schaft also received the 'Wilhelmina resistance cross' and a US decoration.

Because Hannie had been a member of a Communist resistance movement cell, the one she thought was doing the most to oppose the Nazis, she is generally identified as having been a communist. With the increased involvement of the US in Europe post WW2 and the escalating opposition to communism, her popularity decreased for a period to the point that the commemoration at Hannie's grave was forbidden in 1951. Today there are schools and streets named after her and she is remembered each year in November during a national event in Haarlem, Holland, where she was born and raised.

Kuiper was one of the major betrayers of Jews in hiding during the Nazi occupation of Holland and arrested Anne Frank and her family. It is now believed by some authors and historians that Kuiper was both the arresting officer and the betrayer of the Franks, that it was he who made the anonymous phone call in 1944 which led the Gestapo and Dutch security police to the concealed annexe in a canalside house where Anne Frank and her family had hidden for almost two years. It is believed that Kuiper learned of the Frank family being in hiding from a Dutch Nazi by the name of Ahler, a former business associate of Otto Frank, who was also a paid informant.

Maarten Kuiper was sentenced to death by a Dutch court and executed on 30 August 1948.

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Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (1920 -1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War 11. Her secret name in the resistance movement was Hannie and she became known as The Girl with Red Hair. As a law student she became friends with a number of Jewish students and opposed Nazi persecution.

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Abba Kovner was born in 1918 in what is now Lithuania and was a celebrated Jewish poet and anti-Nazi resistance leader whose World War II experience had a significant impact on his political and literary perspective. Socio-political life in Eastern Europe became complex with the Nazi Germany further extending its control. He witnessed the systematic persecution of Jews and beheld the grim realities of ghetto life and mass deportations. These traumatic incidents compelled him to respond not just in literature but also in open resistance against the Nazis.

In 1941, when the Soviet Union was invaded by the Germans, Kovner was drawn into various underground groups that were determined to oppose Nazi totalitarianism. He joined the partisans of Vilna and took an active role in organizing Jewish resistance efforts. His leadership of these groups was exemplified by a strong belief in armed resistance and an unwavering devotion to opposing tyranny.

sites used: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/kovner.html and https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206451.pdf