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今天的課程中，印象最深刻的三個關鍵字 (平時

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今天的課程中，印象最深刻的三個關鍵字 (平時成績加分)

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 今天的課程中，印象最深刻的三個關鍵字

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Base pairing rules may be relaxed at the ___ position of the codon (___ position of anticodon)

Answer:

(A)2nd, 2nd

(B)3rd, 1st

(C)1st , 3rd

(D)2rd, 1st

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•Which enzyme catalyzes both the activation of amino acids and the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA?

•A) Ribosome

•B) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

•C) DNA polymerase

•D) RNA polymerase

•Correct Answer: B) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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1. RNA 和 DNA 結構上最大不同是什麼？為什麼這個差異重要？

2. 請列出 RNA 的三種主要類型並簡述其功能。

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wobble pairing 理論的意義

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Filter-Binding Assay

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•Only one reading frame is possible in a triplet code

•Reading frames: Starting points for reading genetic messages

•Open reading frames (ORFs)

•If, on average, a STOP codon appears roughly once per 20 codons, either you have not selected an open reading frame (ORF), or the segment of DNA of interest is unlikely to be a gene, or part of a gene.

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你認為 reading frame (閱讀框架) 在蛋白質合成過程中扮演什麼樣的角色？如果改變了會有什麼後果？

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Influenza A Virus Alters the Reading Frame to Lower Its Morbidity

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Which of the following best describes the purpose of the filter-binding assay in genetic research?

A) To sequence entire genomes by determining the order of nucleotides in DNA.

B) To determine the specific amino acids coded by different mRNA codons.

C) To measure the strength of binding between different tRNA molecules and ribosomes.

D) To label amino acids with radioactive isotopes for tracking in cellular processes.

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考試時間，大家都很安靜在思考

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Nature of the Genetic Code

•Triplet code

•Nonoverlapping

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•61 codons code for amino acids

•Three (UAA, UAG, and UGA) serve as termination signals

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•Degenerate code

•Universality of the code

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Some codons seen in mitochondria are different from those seen in the nucleus

Mycoplasma 黴漿菌

Paramecium 草履蟲

Euplotes 遊僕蟲屬

Candida 念珠菌屬

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資料來自於高立圖書

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Steps Involved in Protein Biosynthesis

•Amino acid is activated

•Polypeptide chains are formed

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Manufacture of proteins

•Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

•Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA)

Bound to the ribosome in the course of protein synthesis

Responsible for the correct order of amino acids in the growing protein chain

• Protein factors

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Amino Acid Activation and the Formation of Aminoacyl-tRNA

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-Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Reaction

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Amino Acid Activation and the Formation of Aminoacyl-tRNA

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Second Genetic Code

「tRNA 對應正確胺基酸」的配對邏輯，就像一種「額外的密碼系統」，因此稱作 第二遺傳密碼。

•Extra level of proofreading by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

•Amino acid

•Aminoacyl-AMP remains bound to the enzyme

•Binding of the correct amino acid is verified by an editing site in the tRNA synthetase

•tRNA

•Specific binding sites exist on tRNAs and are recognized by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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吳老師提供作業練習檔案

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感謝吳明娟老師提供練習題，想要知道生物資訊基

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感謝吳明娟老師提供練習題，想要知道生物資訊基礎操作的同學可以依照作業指令，學習生物技術常使用的線上轉譯工具。完成的同學可完整了解ORF的概念，也會對於基因結構，intron, exon, forward, reverse sequence 有更完整的理解。