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The Greek philosopher Aristotle laid the foundation for physics with his work 'Physics'. He introduced concepts about motion, matter, and natural laws, though some of his theories were later proven incorrect. His systematic approach to studying natural phenomena influenced scientific thinking for centuries.

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Sir Isaac Newton published his groundbreaking work 'Principia Mathematica', introducing the three laws of motion and universal gravitation. These laws explained everything from falling apples to planetary motion, revolutionizing our understanding of the physical world.

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Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, demonstrating the fundamental connection between electricity and magnetism. This led to the development of electromagnetic theory and modern electric technology.

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James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity, magnetism, and light through his famous equations. He showed that light is an electromagnetic wave, leading to the development of radio, television, and wireless communication.

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Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. This accidental discovery revolutionized medical imaging and our understanding of electromagnetic radiation.

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Albert Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity, introducing the famous equation E=mc². This theory changed our understanding of space, time, and the relationship between mass and energy.

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Ernest Rutherford discovered the nuclear model of the atom through his gold foil experiment. This revealed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons.

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Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and others developed quantum mechanics, explaining the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic scale. This led to the uncertainty principle and wave-particle duality concepts.

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Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig independently proposed the quark theory, suggesting that protons and neutrons are made up of even smaller particles called quarks. This helped explain the structure of matter at its most fundamental level.

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Scientists at CERN announced the discovery of the Higgs boson, often called the 'God particle'. This particle helps explain how other particles get their mass and completed the Standard Model of particle physics.