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The Anasazi were a group of Indians who settled in the present day Four Corners - New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. The word Anasazi is Navajo, and it means "Ancient Ones" or "Ancient Enemy". It is predicted that this Indian Tribe existed from about 700 AD to 1300 AD. They believed in the Sun God, the Rain God, and rabbits. The Ancient Anasazi didn't have a writing system, so their religious and spiritual beliefs have been passed down orally throughout the years. They believed in an orderly universe. This cultural group thought of evil as an imbalance between the orderly universe and the humans. "Good" was the result of positive actions and thinking. The ancient Anasazi valued nature and the Earth the most over anything else. Even modern-day Anasazi tribes still believe that everyone's most important responsibility should be to honor and respect the Earth. Apparently, if each clan follows their responsibilities, there will be harmony. Staying consistent with their focus on nature, religious rituals were mainly focused on survival in nature processes such as hunting, planting, and plant fertility. It is an Anasazi belief that our current world is the fourth Earth to be in existence, the previous three were supposedly said to be destroyed by the Creator. The Anasazi, both modern and ancient, think that if us humans don't live up to their commitments to honor Earth, Mother Nature will punish us by bringing the world to a violent end.

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Pd 4

Biology

What are the Roman beliefs of

how the Earth was created?

Let me start by telling you a little about the who, what,when and where…  Romans l ive in Rome, which is in Italy, t he boot shaped country.  Rome was founded in 753BCE (before the common Era, or Before Christ).Romans believed many of the same things as the Greek people.  They thought the world was a flat disk and Greece or Babylon was the center and wild animals lived on the far edges of the oceans.

Now onto the purpose of my report, what did the Romans believe about the creation of the Earth?  Several sources I research referenced discussion about Chaos, which is a formless or empty state of matter preceding the creation of the universe.  Legends are many about the actual creation of Earth; I would like to share a couple of my favorites.  I can imagine Serpents and dragon battling one another, it’s just like a crazy TV show and the ta il of the dragon hits the Serpent and causes a huge earthquake and the land rises up out of the water.  One of the craziest stories was some believed that the Wind laid a Cosmic Egg and it hatched and thus the universe was created.

I also found this interesting story about how Rome came to be.  Legend tell s a story of the King of Alba Longa who had a daughter Rhea Silvia.  Numitor brother Amulis kills the male heirs and forces Rhea to a vow of chastity.  Rhea Silvia supposedly conceived the twins by the god Mars, or by the demi–god Hercules.  She gave birth to Romulus and Remus, but her evil uncle Amulius puts them in the Tiber River to die.  Luckily for the twins the river carries them safely to a she-wolf who nurses them,they are fed by a woodpecker. And eventually found by a shepherd and his wife who teach them to be shepherds and raise them to adults.  They grow to be leaders, and people respect them.  Finally they discover what Amulius has done they kill him and help their grandfather, Numitor regain his throne.

They decide to establish their own city, Romulus chooses Palatine Hill and Remus likes Aventine Hi ll.  They fight and Remus is ki lled.  Romulus names the new city Rome after himself.

Some of the thing s I found to be the most interesting is many of the myths of creations sound very similar to my own Christian beliefs.  I believe Jesus was conceived by the Virgin Mary who raised Gods child with her husband Joseph.  Moses was placed in a basket and placed in a river and was raised by a princess, Shepherd saw a star and led Wise men to the baby Jesus.

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Egyptians Egyptians are the inhabitants and citizens of Egypt,who shared a common culture and a dialect of Arabic. The Egyptians identity is tied closely to geography. Most of the population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Valley Nile there's an estimated of 82.2 million Egyptians that live around the world. Ancient Egyptians was on of the earliest and greatest civilizations. Ancient Egyptians creation myths are the ancient Egyptian accounts of the creation of the world. Pyramid text,wall decoration and writings back to the old kingdom (2780-2250 B.C.) are examples of where we found information regarding creation myths. Each creation story has the same common meaning. The different creation accounts were associated with a cult of a particular god. They all held that the world had arisen out of the lifeless waters of chaos, called Nu. They also talked about the sun was closely associated with the creation of water, it was said to have first risen from the mound, as the general sun-god. The Memphis creation story centered around Ptah, who was the patron god of craftsmen. He represented the craftsmen ability to envision a finish product, and to shape raw materials. It's been said that Ptah has created the world in a similar way. The ideas developed within Ptah heart, we're given from when he named them with his tongue. When you lived in Egypt you usually got clothes when you turned 6 girls wore dresses with one or two straps, when guys wore wrap around skirts tied on the waist. Most likely light weighted clothes.

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Tlingits. The Tlingits are a native tribe that live in British Colombia and on the Yukon, and southern Alaskan coast. The most important creation to the Tlingit people would be the relations of family and kinship along with oratory. They also value the raven and eagle because of there tribe is divided into these groupings also called moieties which eventually divide down into clans. The Tlingit tribe gave themselves the name of the lingit meaning, "people of the tides". The tribe also relied on its food such as ; salmon, seal, and game animals. The raven was a god that the Tlingits believed in . As scientists believe the raven had a son. He wanted to give his son the strength to create a world. After trying in all sorts of ways, the Raven finally succeeded. In this world that the Ravens son created, there was no light in this world that he created, but it was told him that far up the Nass was a large house in which some one kept light just for himself. The Raven was having a hard time trying to find a solution to get the light, finally he thought of one. There was a rich man down the road and he had a daughter. The plan was to get her pregnant and have a kid. At this place in time they had a ritual to find a hole and line it with pelts and soft blankets. She wouldn't give birth on those items so the grandfather finally thought of putting moss in the bottom of the hole. She gave birth and the baby had glowing eyes which lit the world. That is how the Tlingits believed how the world was created.

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In the beginning two gods Aspu and Tiamat parented two gods. After time went more gods gave off offspring until Ea was born being the cleverest of the gods and having mastered magic he was the most powerful god. Since the sons/daughters started becoming unruly Aspu with his frustration due to lost of sleep with the noise from his descendants. Aspu then went to Tiamat with plan  that he slay their offspring. Tiamat was furious as the plan that they kill there family but after Tiamat had left he continued to commit his plan to murder their children. When the young gods heard of this plan Ea planed a scheme of his own to curse Aspu. Ea castes a spell on Aspu and took his crown and slayed him. Ea later had a wife of his own and had a child named Marduk god of rain and storms. The other gods went to Tiamat and told him about Aspu's death. Enraged Tiamat collected an army of dragons and monsters and placed the god Kingu as the general of the army who she had givin magical powers. Even Ea was fearful of how to handle such a enemy. Then Ea went to his son Marduk to ask him if he would fight this battle for him. Marduk agreed on one condition he would rule the gods if he won. The other gods agreed and gave his ropes and staff that night after the banquet.Marduk was armed with his club, arrows and his lightening. He went to search for Kingu's army and attacked and Kingu's battle plans failed shortly after the battle.Tiamat was left to fight Marduk alone. Marduk caught Tiamat in his nets and pPunleashed his evil wind in Tiamat's mouth unable to close his mouth Marduk shot an arrow into his mouth and pierced Tiamat's heart. After he had killed Tiamat Marduk took his club and split her body in half and laid half of it down creating the earth the other half the other half creating the heavens so Tiamat's salt waters could not escape. Marduk then created stars so the gods could travel between the land and the heavens. The land covered Aspu's fresh waters which created springs and wells. Across the land he planted grains and herbs, pastures and fields,t he rain and the seeds and the animals and forest.Soon after Marduk killed Tiamat's followers and the other gods soon started to complain because Tiamat's followers did the field work and the other gods started to rebel and burn their tools.Marduk had a solution and went to Ea and brought back Kingu through the defeated gods ranks and killed him. With Kingu's blood and clay from the earth and spittle Ea and Nintu the goddess of birth molded the shape of human's.Ea used them to maintain the land to grow plants, raise farm animals, and praise the gods during festivals.In short according to the Babylonians man was made from the flesh of gods and the earth.Babylonians speak Akkadian and this specific story of how man was made is believed to be written between 1900- 1500 BCThe ruins of Babylon can be found in Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south of Baghdad.