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African Americans experienced discrimination during and after the end of slavery in 1865. Mormons suffered religious discrimination. Native Americans, Chinese, and Mexicans were discriminated against. Women had fewer rights than men.

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The expansion of farming, logging, & mining destroyed the natural habitat of prairies, wetlands, & forests.

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Overhunting to (or brink of) extinction

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Bad investments/theft

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Bandits and other settlers or from hostile Native Americans

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Not having enough supplies or resources to make the journey

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Malaria, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, smallpox...

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The land would never be the same

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People moving west had many deadly struggles; life was hard

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Lost land that would become states of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, & New Mexico.

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Won independence then joined USA

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Lost half of its land

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Lack of immunity to European diseases killed most Native Americans

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Never had the numbers to permanently hold off westward movement of settlers

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Mostly broken by U.S. government or settlers

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Hundreds of different tribes forced onto reservations losing most of their land & connection to their culture

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After the end of slavery in 1865, African Americans could more easily get land in the West than in the East (still faced discrimination/mistreatment). During slavery enslaved person would resist by escaping slavery & joining Native American tribes or creating their own communities in remote areas.

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Women had more rights/freedom in the West than in the East. Still suffered discrimination & fewer rights than men.

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Moved west attempting to convert people to Christianity.

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Moved west to escape persecution in the East.

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Fur traders & explorers (hunting, selling furs/meat, & guiding wagon trains)

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Fur traders & explorers (hunting, selling furs/meat, & guiding wagon trains)

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Chinese immigrants (following jobs with California Gold Rush & railroads)

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Chinese immigrants (following jobs with California Gold Rush & railroads)

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Trades people (blacksmiths, saddlemakers, carpenters, doctors, teachers, etc.)

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Trades people (blacksmiths, saddlemakers, carpenters, doctors, teachers, etc.)

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Merchants (store owners & inn/saloon keepers)

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Merchants (store owners & inn/saloon keepers)

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Miners like the 49ers (gold & silver mining)

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Miners like the 49ers (gold & silver mining)

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More freedom for religious, ethnic, & gender groups

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More freedom for religious, ethnic, & gender groups

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More Economic Opportunity & land for Americans to profit

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More Economic Opportunity & land for Americans to profit

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People, places, & things that benefited from the process of westward expansion...

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People, places, & things that suffered from the process of westward expansion.

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Building on the causes of Manifest Destiny (Push & Pull Factors)