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The surgeon makes an 8- to 10-inch cut in the chest. The surgeon cuts through all or part of the patient's breastbone to expose the heart. Once the heart is visible, the patient may be connected to a heart-lung bypass machine. The machine moves blood away from the heart so that the surgeon can operate. (source 3)

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Open-heart surgery may be done to perform a CABG. A coronary artery bypass graft may be necessary for people with coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease occurs when the blood vessels that provide blood and oxygen for the heart muscle become narrow and hard. This is often called “hardening of the arteries.” (source 3)

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source one:http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-hale-williams-9532269#opens-the-first-interracial-hospital
source two:http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-hale-williams-9532269
source three:www.healthline.com/health/open-heart-surgery

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He was the first surgeon to open the chest cavity successfully without the patient dying of infection. (source one)

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In 1893 performed the second documented successful pericardium surgery to repair a wound.(source one)

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He also founded Provident Hospital---the first non-segregated hospital in the United States---in Chicago, Illinois.(source one)

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Daniel Hale Williams was born on January 18, 1856 in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. Williams died on August 4, 1931. After the elder Williams died, a 10-year-old Daniel was sent to live in Baltimore, Maryland, with family friends. He became a shoemaker’s apprentice but disliked the work and decided to return to his family, who had moved to Illinois. Like his father, he took up barbering, but ultimately decided he wanted to pursue his education. He worked as an apprentice with Dr. Henry Palmer, a highly accomplished surgeon, and then completed further training at Chicago Medical College. (source 2)

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In 1893, Williams continued to make history when he operated on James Cornish, a man with a severe stab wound to his chest who was brought to Provident. Without the benefits of a blood transfusion or modern surgical procedures, Williams successfully sutured Cornish’s pericardium, the membranous sac enclosing the heart, thus becoming one of the first people to perform open-heart surgery. (Physicians Francisco Romero and Henry Dalton had previously performed pericardial operations.) Cornish lived for many years after the operation.(source one)