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Works Cited
"Averroes Quotes." YouTube, Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, 1 Nov. 2013, www.youtube.com/channel/UCnPtNQRwfOO8f3tvDiirYxQ. Accessed 25 Jan. 2017.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Erwin I.J. Rosenthal, 28 Aug. 2009, www.britannica.com/biography/Averroes. Accessed 25 Jan. 2017.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. H. Chad Hillier, www.iep.utm.edu/ibnrushd/. Accessed 25 Jan. 2017.

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Ironically, however, Averroes's efforts were not in vain. Just a few years after his death in Marrakesh, the universities of Europe began operation, most notably in Paris and Oxford. Unlike the strictly religious character of their nearest Islamic counterparts, these European universities were, from the start, thoroughly secular in their undergraduate curricula. The usual course of studies ran through subjects such as logic, metaphysics, ethics, and natural science, they were exposed to all the various parts of philosophy. Students might go on to the advanced study of medicine, law, or theology, but each of those disciplines were taken to have their foundation in philosophy. By the middle of the thirteenth century, that philosophical curriculum had become thoroughly Aristotelian, and the great guide to Aristotle was none other than Averroes, who became known in the Latin West as simply “the Commentator.” His various paraphrases and commentaries on the Aristotelian corpus were studied wherever Aristotle was studied, and this remained the case all the way into the modern era. Even though, by the end of the Middle Ages, there were countless Christian commentaries on the Aristotelian corpus, it was still the writings of Averroes that were most likely to be found alongside early printed editions of Aristotle’s work.

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Averroes died on December 10, 1198, in Marrakesh, Morocco at age 72. He had changed many things in his lifetime including the way people look at philosophy today. His impact on philosophy was so big he was wildly known in the Western Hemisphere.

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Jurists-  A person involved in the law, a lawyer, judge, or scholar.
Theological- Relating to theology, or based upon the will and nature of God.
Polemical- A person who will argue against someone else, a conversationalist.
Corpus- A large or complete set of writings.

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For Averroes, there was no conflict between religion and philosophy, believing rather that they were just different ways of reaching the same truth. He identified two kinds of knowledge of truth: knowledge of truth from religion,and knowledge of truth from philosophy (the real truth, but reserved for an elite few who had the intellectual capacity to undertake such study). He was bold enough to claim the superiority of reason and philosophy over faith and knowledge founded on faith, and to emphasize the independent use of reason, and the idea that the philosophical and religious worlds are separate. He believed in an eternal universe, and in a soul which is divided into two parts (an individual part, and a divine part which is eternal and shared by all). His belief in the then radical idea that "existence precedes essence" was developed much later by the Transcendent Theosophy of Mulla Sadra (c. 1571 – 1640) in the 17th Century and by Existentialism in the 20th Century.

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Here, we might consider three views in particular that put Averroes outside the mainstreamof ideas. First, he states that both philosophy and the text of the Qur’an point toward the conclusion that the world has always existed in some form or another—that although God has shaped the nature of creatures, the physical world itself has eternally existed, just as God himself has. Second, he contends that although our souls survive death, our bodies do not, and will not be resurrected. Averroes seems to believe that our souls will acquire some kind of body in the next life, but he denies that this will be the same body we have now, or even the same kind of body, and he further denies that we should take literally the Qur’an’s various enticing pronouncements about the garden of delights that awaits the believer. Third, and most strange to people in this modern world, Averroes denies that we each possess our own intellect. Instead, he thinks, the intellect is something separate from our souls, some singular thing that we are able to access when we think, and that we all share.

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Quotes from Averroes. Famous quotes by Averroes. Averroes quotations. Best quotes from Averroes. -------------------------------------------------------- Two truths cannot contradict one another. Knowledge is the conformity of the object and the intellect. The Law teaches that the universe was invented and created by God, and that it did not come into being by chance or by itself.

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Between 1169 and 1195 Averroes wrote many commentaries on Aristotle's work. He wrote summaries and short and long commentaries. Averroes could not get a copy of Aristotle's Politica so he wrote a commentary on Plato's Republic. Abū Yaʿqūb, who, himself was a keen student of philosophy, frightened Averroes with a question concerning whether the heavens were created or not. The caliph answered the question himself, and put Averroes at ease, and sent him away with some very expensive gifts after a long conversation that helped Averroes’s career along. Averroes own first work is General Medicine (Kulliyāt, Latin Colliget), written between 1162 and 1169. Only a few of his legal writings and none of his theological writings are still preserved today. Undoubtedly his most important writings are three closely connected religious-philosophical polemical treatises, composed in the years 1179 and 1180: the Faṣl al-Maḳāl with its appendix; the Kashf al-Manāhij; and the Tahāfut al-Tahāfut in defense of philosophy.

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•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes
•https://www.britannica.com/biography/Averroes
•http://www.iep.utm.edu/ibnrushd/
•http://www.azquotes.com/author/28125-Averroes
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ui6_WKpuh9Y
•http://www.islamicbookstore.com/b5346.html
•https://www.amazon.com/Averroes-Platos-Republic/dp/080148975X

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Averroes actual name is Ibn Rushd. He was born on April 14, 1126, in Cordoba, Spain. Averroes was inspired by Aristotle and many other philosophers to achieve what shapes modern philosophy today. Averroes was born into a well known family of jurists. He then rose to become the chief judge of Cordoba, which was an office that was once held by his grandfather who goes under the same name. After the death of the philosopher Ibn Tufayl Averroes became the new personal physician for the caliphs Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf and his son Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb at age 56.