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I've seen a couple of videos on this subject but this one seems to be the simplest and most straightforward one that I would recommend. Personally, I like "seeing" the translation from Spanish to English as well as "hearing it". The language tutor does both here.

Will

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relative pronouns in spanish - Search Videos

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I thought that there were good use of examples on this web site for Relative Pronouns. It is also designed in a fun, eye catching manner which gives various examples of how to properly use relative pronouns and the differences between them. It goes over both relative pronouns that we are learning in class this term as well as others that we have not covered yet. I think it is a good resource to have on hand, take a look at it!

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Que, lo que, lo cual, and el cual are some examples of Spanish relative pronouns. Since they help you connect sentences while adding more information, relative pronouns in Spanish are crucial to better express your ideas.

However, like other Spanish pronouns, these words follow some specific rules you need to keep in mind. So, in this guide, you'll find explanations and examples of how and when to use relative pronouns in Spanish. Here's what we'll cover:

So, let's get to it.

What Are Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Spanish relative pronouns join two sentences that refer to a noun we mentioned before (antecedent) and don't want to say again. Check these examples:

In the sentences above, each pair of sentences refers to the same noun. However, mentioning those nouns again is repetitive and unnecessary. So, we use relative pronouns in Spanish to combine these clauses and avoid duplication:

Spanish relative pronouns allow you to join a main sentence with a dependent clause. As we're about to learn, choosing the correct relative pronoun depends on the noun type or the connection you want to establish.

Take Note: A dependent clause, also called subordinate, provides extra information about the main sentence. Because of this, subordinate clauses cannot stand alone because they wouldn't provide the sentence's full meaning.

Types of Spanish Relative Pronouns: When & How to Use Them

In Spanish, there are five relative pronouns. Although they all refer to people, things, actions, or ideas, each relative pronoun can only be combined with certain types of nouns.

Additionally, some relative pronouns in Spanish have a single form (invariable pronouns), whether they're working with singular or plural nouns. However, others must change to mark the noun's gender or number (variable pronouns).

Take Note: Relative pronouns are similar to Spanish question words. But unlike interrogative words, these pronouns do not have an accent mark.

Que is the most common relative pronoun in Spanish because it can be combined with most nouns. Que refers to concepts, people, things, actions, or animals in singular and plural forms.

Here are some examples:
[Noun] + que + [verb] + [dependent clause]
Take Note: Unlike English, relative pronouns in Spanish cannot be omitted.

Quien - Who / Whom

Quien is a formal Spanish relative pronoun that always refers to people. As a result, quien has a plural and singular form. This relative pronoun must be surrounded or preceded by a comma.
[Noun] + [comma] + quien/quienes + [complement]
Take Note: Relative sentences provide essential information or nonessential information. Nonessential information are extra details that can be omitted and they're usually surrounded by commas (like the examples above).

El que / El cual - Which / Who

El que and el cual are relative pronouns used to talk about people or things. They mean 'which', 'who', or 'whom'. Because they're built with Spanish definite articles, these pronouns mark gender and number. Here are the different forms you'll use:
Masculine nouns Feminine nouns [Main clause] + el cual/el que + [dependent clause]
Take Note: Relative pronouns that are not preceded or surrounded by commas provide essential details to understanding and identifying the noun. For instance, en la que íbamos provides key information about the broken truck.

Lo que / Lo cual - What / Which

Lo cual and lo que are Spanish relative pronouns that refer to statements or ideas. Like other relative pronouns, lo cual refers to a concept or statement mentioned in the main clause:
[Main clause] + comma + lo cual + [dependent clause]
On the other hand, lo que refers to an implicit statement, concept, or idea that is understood because it was previously discussed:

Donde - Where

In Spanish, the relative pronoun donde is used to refer to places and locations. Donde is an invariable pronoun, meaning that it doesn't mark gender or number.
[Noun] + donde + [dependent clause]
This Spanish relative pronoun can be replaced by el que or la que.

Relative Clauses & Spanish Prepositions

Often, Spanish relative pronouns are preceded by a preposition. When a relative clause has a preposition we're adding information related to destination, origin, company, location, etc. Check these examples:
[Subject] + [preposition] + [relative clause]
Combining a preposition with a relative pronoun allows you to add some nuances to your relative clause. Notice that, in Spanish, prepositions must always be placed before the relative pronoun.

Take Note: Cuyo and its plural and feminine forms are relative adjectives. Unlike Spanish relative pronouns, relative adjectives work with a noun instead of replacing it. Luisa, cuya hermana es tu vecina, es mi jefa.

Key Points

Relative pronouns are a type of pronoun that helps you join two clauses together. Here are some key points you should keep in mind:

Spanish relative pronouns join two clauses that refer to the same noun or pronoun.

They avoid repetition.

Relative pronouns in Spanish can be invariable and variable. In other words, some of them only have a single form, while others change to mark gender and number.

There are five main relative pronouns in Spanish:

Que: talks about people, things, animals, or concepts.

Quien: always refers to people and has a plural form.

El cual / El que: are interchangeable and refer to people or things. They mark the noun's gender or number through the definite article.

Lo cual / Lo que: talk about concepts or statements.

Donde: refers to places and locations.

Download the Relative Pronouns PDF

After learning a Spanish grammar topic such as relative pronouns, it can be tricky to remember all of its rules and types. So, I've created a PDF with the rules and examples which you can download for free so you can study and practice this topic whenever you choose.

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Spanish Relative Pronouns: Uses, Examples & Charts | Tell Me In Spanish

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Spanish relative pronouns are words that help you connect sentences. Click here to learn how and when to use them.

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I really liked this video because he reviewed how to use relative pronouns, and why they are relevant when speaking Spanish. I also liked how he talked about using quien, who, or to whom. This will be useful in the future!

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How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish | The Language Tutor *Lesson 73*

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https://www.spanish.academy/blog/how-to-use-relative-pronouns-in-spanish/

Again, this site is clear and concise, while also easy to follow and includes images graphs and charts to use.

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Do you feel frustrated that there are so many similar relative pronouns in Spanish and their usage seems, well-relative?

I have many students who keep asking when to use lo que in Spanish and when to use lo cual. What's the difference between que, el que and quien? How to use cuales?

I know it can be a bit overwhelming at the beginning, but I promise that I will clearly explain the differences, rules, and usage in this brief article. I'll throw in many examples and avoid complicated grammar and linguistic terms.

In the end, you'll know what relative pronouns are and how to use them and you'll be able to check your solid knowledge with a multiple-choice quiz.

Table of Contents:

What Are Relative Pronouns?

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

If you use a relative pronoun, you can join two separate sentences into one, and give more detailed information:

My brother works at a bookshop.

My brother lives in Colombia.

My brother, who lives in Colombia, works at a bookshop.

"Who" is one of the relative pronouns in English, and "who lives in Colombia" is a subordinate relative clause.

It works the same in Spanish. You can classify the relative pronouns according to the element in the main clause that they refer to-things or people.

Some relative pronouns may refer both to people and things, such as:

Others refer only to people:

In Spanish, other words can introduce relative clauses, although they're not relative pronouns. For example, relative adjectives (, ) introduce adjectival relative clauses and adverbs (, ) introduce adverbial relative clauses.

Check out the following articles to learn more about relative adjectives and adverbs:

PRO TIP! You never put an accent mark over relative pronouns.

Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun, as you use it with people, things, concepts, and more. It translates into "that," "which," "who," or "whom."

Although you can omit the relative pronoun in English, you cannot do so in Spanish.

You also use que after preposition, but only if the relative pronoun refers to a thing. If it refers to a person, you'll need to change it to quien.

You can't use que after the prepositions sin, por, and para, as these combinations would be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que, porque, and para que. If you need to use them with que, you'll need to add the definite article el or la before que.

The relative pronoun quien always refers to a person. It means "who" or "whom" in English.

When you use quien, you need to match it in number with the antecedent. If the antecedent is singular, you'll use quien. If it's plural, you have to use quienes.

What's the difference between que and que when referring to people? They're usually interchangeable. However, if you want to use the relative pronoun after a preposition and it refers to a person, you should use quien.

El que, la que, los que, las que

When using the relative pronoun el que, you'll need to match it with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

Example Sentences in Spanish

As you can see, these combinations can refer both to people and things. They need to be separated from the antecedent with either a comma or a preposition.

El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales

El cual and the other forms also need to match the gender and the number of the noun they refer to.

el cual - singular, masculine

la cual - singular, feminine

los cuales - plural, masculine

las cuales - plural, feminine

You'll use these instead of el que and its related forms when there is more distance in the sentence between the antecedent and the relative pronoun.

For example, when a compound preposition is used. If you need a refresher on this topic, check out this Master List of Compound Prepositions in Spanish [Plus How to Use Them].

Example Sentences in Spanish

If there's no preposition, you only use el cual in explanatory clauses, separated by commas.

Lo que, lo cual

Lo que and lo cual are also relative pronouns, but instead of referring to an antecedent noun, they refer to the whole antecedent clause. They refer to abstract situations and concepts that do not have a gender.

Lo cual and lo que refer to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence, but only lo que refers to something that has not been mentioned in the same sentence.

Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Multiple Choice Quiz

Check yourself by answering the following 10 questions. Before you start, take a look at this relative pronoun chart for a visual wrap-up.

Now you're ready! Read the following sentences and choose the relative pronoun that fits the blank. Pay attention to accent marks, commas, and prepositions!

Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Practice Spanish Relative Pronouns in 1-to-1 Conversations

Relative pronouns are not difficult to learn, but it will take you some time to use them intuitively without thinking about the rules.

The only way to do it is to read and speak a lot. Being consistent in your Spanish studies is crucial to becoming bilingual. I know it can be hard to find motivation, but being bilingual will change your life, and it's a major investment in your cognitive and decision-making abilities.

If you need a conversational partner in Spanish, let Homeschool Spanish Academy help you achieve your language goals! Sign up for a free trial class and start practicing relative pronouns in Spanish in a 1-to-1 conversation! Check out our affordable pricing and flexible programs!

Join one of the 40,000 classes that we teach each month and you can experience results like these

"This is the best way for your kid to learn Spanish. It's one-on-one, taught by native Spanish speakers, and uses a curriculum."
- Sharon K, Parent of 3

"It's a great way to learn Spanish, from native Spanish speakers in a 1-on-1 environment. It's been fairly easy to schedule classes around my daughter's other classes. The best value for us has been ordering multiple classes at a time. All the instructors have been great!"
- Cindy D, Parent of 3

"HSA offers very affordable, quality, one on one classes with a native speaker. My son has greatly benefited from taking classes. We have seen his confidence increase as well as his pronunciation improve, because he learns from a native Spanish speaker. HSA has quick, personal customer service. Our family has been very pleased with our experience so far!"
- Erica P. Parent of 1
Ready to learn more Spanish grammar? Check these out!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish the Easy Way: Tips and Tricks

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We make it easy! The key to understanding relative pronouns in Spanish and using them correctly is to have a firm grasp on how they function in a sentence.

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I use this site a lot as I like the way it is set up and how easily they explain certain concepts. They also give a lot of the relative pronouns as well as how to use them.

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Do you feel frustrated that there are so many similar relative pronouns in Spanish and their usage seems, well-relative?

I have many students who keep asking when to use lo que in Spanish and when to use lo cual. What's the difference between que, el que and quien? How to use cuales?

I know it can be a bit overwhelming at the beginning, but I promise that I will clearly explain the differences, rules, and usage in this brief article. I'll throw in many examples and avoid complicated grammar and linguistic terms.

In the end, you'll know what relative pronouns are and how to use them and you'll be able to check your solid knowledge with a multiple-choice quiz.

Table of Contents:

What Are Relative Pronouns?

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

If you use a relative pronoun, you can join two separate sentences into one, and give more detailed information:

My brother works at a bookshop.

My brother lives in Colombia.

My brother, who lives in Colombia, works at a bookshop.

"Who" is one of the relative pronouns in English, and "who lives in Colombia" is a subordinate relative clause.

It works the same in Spanish. You can classify the relative pronouns according to the element in the main clause that they refer to-things or people.

Some relative pronouns may refer both to people and things, such as:

Others refer only to people:

In Spanish, other words can introduce relative clauses, although they're not relative pronouns. For example, relative adjectives (, ) introduce adjectival relative clauses and adverbs (, ) introduce adverbial relative clauses.

Check out the following articles to learn more about relative adjectives and adverbs:

PRO TIP! You never put an accent mark over relative pronouns.

Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun, as you use it with people, things, concepts, and more. It translates into "that," "which," "who," or "whom."

Although you can omit the relative pronoun in English, you cannot do so in Spanish.

You also use que after preposition, but only if the relative pronoun refers to a thing. If it refers to a person, you'll need to change it to quien.

You can't use que after the prepositions sin, por, and para, as these combinations would be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que, porque, and para que. If you need to use them with que, you'll need to add the definite article el or la before que.

The relative pronoun quien always refers to a person. It means "who" or "whom" in English.

When you use quien, you need to match it in number with the antecedent. If the antecedent is singular, you'll use quien. If it's plural, you have to use quienes.

What's the difference between que and que when referring to people? They're usually interchangeable. However, if you want to use the relative pronoun after a preposition and it refers to a person, you should use quien.

El que, la que, los que, las que

When using the relative pronoun el que, you'll need to match it with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

Example Sentences in Spanish

As you can see, these combinations can refer both to people and things. They need to be separated from the antecedent with either a comma or a preposition.

El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales

El cual and the other forms also need to match the gender and the number of the noun they refer to.

el cual - singular, masculine

la cual - singular, feminine

los cuales - plural, masculine

las cuales - plural, feminine

You'll use these instead of el que and its related forms when there is more distance in the sentence between the antecedent and the relative pronoun.

For example, when a compound preposition is used. If you need a refresher on this topic, check out this Master List of Compound Prepositions in Spanish [Plus How to Use Them].

Example Sentences in Spanish

If there's no preposition, you only use el cual in explanatory clauses, separated by commas.

Lo que, lo cual

Lo que and lo cual are also relative pronouns, but instead of referring to an antecedent noun, they refer to the whole antecedent clause. They refer to abstract situations and concepts that do not have a gender.

Lo cual and lo que refer to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence, but only lo que refers to something that has not been mentioned in the same sentence.

Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Multiple Choice Quiz

Check yourself by answering the following 10 questions. Before you start, take a look at this relative pronoun chart for a visual wrap-up.

Now you're ready! Read the following sentences and choose the relative pronoun that fits the blank. Pay attention to accent marks, commas, and prepositions!

Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Practice Spanish Relative Pronouns in 1-to-1 Conversations

Relative pronouns are not difficult to learn, but it will take you some time to use them intuitively without thinking about the rules.

The only way to do it is to read and speak a lot. Being consistent in your Spanish studies is crucial to becoming bilingual. I know it can be hard to find motivation, but being bilingual will change your life, and it's a major investment in your cognitive and decision-making abilities.

If you need a conversational partner in Spanish, let Homeschool Spanish Academy help you achieve your language goals! Sign up for a free trial class and start practicing relative pronouns in Spanish in a 1-to-1 conversation! Check out our affordable pricing and flexible programs!

Join one of the 40,000 classes that we teach each month and you can experience results like these

"This is the best way for your kid to learn Spanish. It's one-on-one, taught by native Spanish speakers, and uses a curriculum."
- Sharon K, Parent of 3

"It's a great way to learn Spanish, from native Spanish speakers in a 1-on-1 environment. It's been fairly easy to schedule classes around my daughter's other classes. The best value for us has been ordering multiple classes at a time. All the instructors have been great!"
- Cindy D, Parent of 3

"HSA offers very affordable, quality, one on one classes with a native speaker. My son has greatly benefited from taking classes. We have seen his confidence increase as well as his pronunciation improve, because he learns from a native Spanish speaker. HSA has quick, personal customer service. Our family has been very pleased with our experience so far!"
- Erica P. Parent of 1
Ready to learn more Spanish grammar? Check these out!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish the Easy Way: Tips and Tricks

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We make it easy! The key to understanding relative pronouns in Spanish and using them correctly is to have a firm grasp on how they function in a sentence.

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I really enjoy this website all around for Spanish practice, any way you want to Learn Spanish they have it. I found this feature when searching for relative pronoun practice and was even more blown away. It takes you through various sections with multiple questions within each, giving you a full comprehensive practice of relative pronouns

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Spanish Grammar Articles and Lessons | SpanishDict

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Expert articles and interactive video lessons on how to use the Spanish language. Learn about ‘por’ vs. ‘para’, Spanish pronunciation, typing Spanish accents, and more.

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https://www.spanish.academy/blog/how-to-use-relative-pronouns-in-spanish/

I like this particular resource because it first explains what relative pronouns even are in both English and Spanish. Then, they explain how they are used by providing examples. These example helped me make a lot of connections to my own use of relative pronouns within Spanish.

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Do you feel frustrated that there are so many similar relative pronouns in Spanish and their usage seems, well-relative?

I have many students who keep asking when to use lo que in Spanish and when to use lo cual. What's the difference between que, el que and quien? How to use cuales?

I know it can be a bit overwhelming at the beginning, but I promise that I will clearly explain the differences, rules, and usage in this brief article. I'll throw in many examples and avoid complicated grammar and linguistic terms.

In the end, you'll know what relative pronouns are and how to use them and you'll be able to check your solid knowledge with a multiple-choice quiz.

Table of Contents:

What Are Relative Pronouns?

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

If you use a relative pronoun, you can join two separate sentences into one, and give more detailed information:

My brother works at a bookshop.

My brother lives in Colombia.

My brother, who lives in Colombia, works at a bookshop.

"Who" is one of the relative pronouns in English, and "who lives in Colombia" is a subordinate relative clause.

It works the same in Spanish. You can classify the relative pronouns according to the element in the main clause that they refer to-things or people.

Some relative pronouns may refer both to people and things, such as:

Others refer only to people:

In Spanish, other words can introduce relative clauses, although they're not relative pronouns. For example, relative adjectives (, ) introduce adjectival relative clauses and adverbs (, ) introduce adverbial relative clauses.

Check out the following articles to learn more about relative adjectives and adverbs:

PRO TIP! You never put an accent mark over relative pronouns.

Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun, as you use it with people, things, concepts, and more. It translates into "that," "which," "who," or "whom."

Although you can omit the relative pronoun in English, you cannot do so in Spanish.

You also use que after preposition, but only if the relative pronoun refers to a thing. If it refers to a person, you'll need to change it to quien.

You can't use que after the prepositions sin, por, and para, as these combinations would be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que, porque, and para que. If you need to use them with que, you'll need to add the definite article el or la before que.

The relative pronoun quien always refers to a person. It means "who" or "whom" in English.

When you use quien, you need to match it in number with the antecedent. If the antecedent is singular, you'll use quien. If it's plural, you have to use quienes.

What's the difference between que and que when referring to people? They're usually interchangeable. However, if you want to use the relative pronoun after a preposition and it refers to a person, you should use quien.

El que, la que, los que, las que

When using the relative pronoun el que, you'll need to match it with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

Example Sentences in Spanish

As you can see, these combinations can refer both to people and things. They need to be separated from the antecedent with either a comma or a preposition.

El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales

El cual and the other forms also need to match the gender and the number of the noun they refer to.

el cual - singular, masculine

la cual - singular, feminine

los cuales - plural, masculine

las cuales - plural, feminine

You'll use these instead of el que and its related forms when there is more distance in the sentence between the antecedent and the relative pronoun.

For example, when a compound preposition is used. If you need a refresher on this topic, check out this Master List of Compound Prepositions in Spanish [Plus How to Use Them].

Example Sentences in Spanish

If there's no preposition, you only use el cual in explanatory clauses, separated by commas.

Lo que, lo cual

Lo que and lo cual are also relative pronouns, but instead of referring to an antecedent noun, they refer to the whole antecedent clause. They refer to abstract situations and concepts that do not have a gender.

Lo cual and lo que refer to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence, but only lo que refers to something that has not been mentioned in the same sentence.

Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Multiple Choice Quiz

Check yourself by answering the following 10 questions. Before you start, take a look at this relative pronoun chart for a visual wrap-up.

Now you're ready! Read the following sentences and choose the relative pronoun that fits the blank. Pay attention to accent marks, commas, and prepositions!

Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Practice Spanish Relative Pronouns in 1-to-1 Conversations

Relative pronouns are not difficult to learn, but it will take you some time to use them intuitively without thinking about the rules.

The only way to do it is to read and speak a lot. Being consistent in your Spanish studies is crucial to becoming bilingual. I know it can be hard to find motivation, but being bilingual will change your life, and it's a major investment in your cognitive and decision-making abilities.

If you need a conversational partner in Spanish, let Homeschool Spanish Academy help you achieve your language goals! Sign up for a free trial class and start practicing relative pronouns in Spanish in a 1-to-1 conversation! Check out our affordable pricing and flexible programs!

Join one of the 40,000 classes that we teach each month and you can experience results like these

"This is the best way for your kid to learn Spanish. It's one-on-one, taught by native Spanish speakers, and uses a curriculum."
- Sharon K, Parent of 3

"It's a great way to learn Spanish, from native Spanish speakers in a 1-on-1 environment. It's been fairly easy to schedule classes around my daughter's other classes. The best value for us has been ordering multiple classes at a time. All the instructors have been great!"
- Cindy D, Parent of 3

"HSA offers very affordable, quality, one on one classes with a native speaker. My son has greatly benefited from taking classes. We have seen his confidence increase as well as his pronunciation improve, because he learns from a native Spanish speaker. HSA has quick, personal customer service. Our family has been very pleased with our experience so far!"
- Erica P. Parent of 1
Ready to learn more Spanish grammar? Check these out!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish the Easy Way: Tips and Tricks

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We make it easy! The key to understanding relative pronouns in Spanish and using them correctly is to have a firm grasp on how they function in a sentence.

# data[].attributes.body
Great chart with the relative pronouns!

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Relative Pronouns Article by Laura Lawless

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Relative Pronouns Article by Laura Lawless

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Link: https://www.lawlessspanish.com/grammar/pronouns/relative-pronouns/

Relative pronouns are an essential part of Spanish grammar, allowing speakers and writers to connect ideas and clauses within a sentence. In this guide, Laura explores the various types of relative pronouns in Spanish and their uses! She also makes it easy to understand coming from an English learner's perspective.

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Spanish Relative Pronouns - Lawless Spanish Grammar

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Just like in English, a Spanish relative pronoun (que, quien, donde, el que, el cual) links a dependent/relative clause (i.e., a clause that cannot stand alone) to a main clause.

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This video I came across helped me this week!

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How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish | The Language Tutor *Lesson 73*

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This contained a great video with a chart to show when to change for gender and quantity.

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Relative Pronouns in Spanish: Using Que, Quien, Quienes, etc., in Relative Clauses

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I like this website, https://www.spanish.academy/blog/how-to-use-relative-pronouns-in-spanish/, because it provides a definition as well as examples of relative pronouns in both English and Spanish so that it is easier to understand.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Do you feel frustrated that there are so many similar relative pronouns in Spanish and their usage seems, well-relative?

I have many students who keep asking when to use lo que in Spanish and when to use lo cual. What's the difference between que, el que and quien? How to use cuales?

I know it can be a bit overwhelming at the beginning, but I promise that I will clearly explain the differences, rules, and usage in this brief article. I'll throw in many examples and avoid complicated grammar and linguistic terms.

In the end, you'll know what relative pronouns are and how to use them and you'll be able to check your solid knowledge with a multiple-choice quiz.

Table of Contents:

What Are Relative Pronouns?

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

If you use a relative pronoun, you can join two separate sentences into one, and give more detailed information:

My brother works at a bookshop.

My brother lives in Colombia.

My brother, who lives in Colombia, works at a bookshop.

"Who" is one of the relative pronouns in English, and "who lives in Colombia" is a subordinate relative clause.

It works the same in Spanish. You can classify the relative pronouns according to the element in the main clause that they refer to-things or people.

Some relative pronouns may refer both to people and things, such as:

Others refer only to people:

In Spanish, other words can introduce relative clauses, although they're not relative pronouns. For example, relative adjectives (, ) introduce adjectival relative clauses and adverbs (, ) introduce adverbial relative clauses.

Check out the following articles to learn more about relative adjectives and adverbs:

PRO TIP! You never put an accent mark over relative pronouns.

Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun, as you use it with people, things, concepts, and more. It translates into "that," "which," "who," or "whom."

Although you can omit the relative pronoun in English, you cannot do so in Spanish.

You also use que after preposition, but only if the relative pronoun refers to a thing. If it refers to a person, you'll need to change it to quien.

You can't use que after the prepositions sin, por, and para, as these combinations would be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que, porque, and para que. If you need to use them with que, you'll need to add the definite article el or la before que.

The relative pronoun quien always refers to a person. It means "who" or "whom" in English.

When you use quien, you need to match it in number with the antecedent. If the antecedent is singular, you'll use quien. If it's plural, you have to use quienes.

What's the difference between que and que when referring to people? They're usually interchangeable. However, if you want to use the relative pronoun after a preposition and it refers to a person, you should use quien.

El que, la que, los que, las que

When using the relative pronoun el que, you'll need to match it with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

Example Sentences in Spanish

As you can see, these combinations can refer both to people and things. They need to be separated from the antecedent with either a comma or a preposition.

El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales

El cual and the other forms also need to match the gender and the number of the noun they refer to.

el cual - singular, masculine

la cual - singular, feminine

los cuales - plural, masculine

las cuales - plural, feminine

You'll use these instead of el que and its related forms when there is more distance in the sentence between the antecedent and the relative pronoun.

For example, when a compound preposition is used. If you need a refresher on this topic, check out this Master List of Compound Prepositions in Spanish [Plus How to Use Them].

Example Sentences in Spanish

If there's no preposition, you only use el cual in explanatory clauses, separated by commas.

Lo que, lo cual

Lo que and lo cual are also relative pronouns, but instead of referring to an antecedent noun, they refer to the whole antecedent clause. They refer to abstract situations and concepts that do not have a gender.

Lo cual and lo que refer to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence, but only lo que refers to something that has not been mentioned in the same sentence.

Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Multiple Choice Quiz

Check yourself by answering the following 10 questions. Before you start, take a look at this relative pronoun chart for a visual wrap-up.

Now you're ready! Read the following sentences and choose the relative pronoun that fits the blank. Pay attention to accent marks, commas, and prepositions!

Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Practice Spanish Relative Pronouns in 1-to-1 Conversations

Relative pronouns are not difficult to learn, but it will take you some time to use them intuitively without thinking about the rules.

The only way to do it is to read and speak a lot. Being consistent in your Spanish studies is crucial to becoming bilingual. I know it can be hard to find motivation, but being bilingual will change your life, and it's a major investment in your cognitive and decision-making abilities.

If you need a conversational partner in Spanish, let Homeschool Spanish Academy help you achieve your language goals! Sign up for a free trial class and start practicing relative pronouns in Spanish in a 1-to-1 conversation! Check out our affordable pricing and flexible programs!

Join one of the 40,000 classes that we teach each month and you can experience results like these

"This is the best way for your kid to learn Spanish. It's one-on-one, taught by native Spanish speakers, and uses a curriculum."
- Sharon K, Parent of 3

"It's a great way to learn Spanish, from native Spanish speakers in a 1-on-1 environment. It's been fairly easy to schedule classes around my daughter's other classes. The best value for us has been ordering multiple classes at a time. All the instructors have been great!"
- Cindy D, Parent of 3

"HSA offers very affordable, quality, one on one classes with a native speaker. My son has greatly benefited from taking classes. We have seen his confidence increase as well as his pronunciation improve, because he learns from a native Spanish speaker. HSA has quick, personal customer service. Our family has been very pleased with our experience so far!"
- Erica P. Parent of 1
Ready to learn more Spanish grammar? Check these out!

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How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish the Easy Way: Tips and Tricks

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We make it easy! The key to understanding relative pronouns in Spanish and using them correctly is to have a firm grasp on how they function in a sentence.

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This is a particularly helpful video.

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Explaining the RELATIVE PRONOUNS: que, lo que, quien, quienes in Spanish

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This website is pretty in depth but it is broken down into bite-size pieces. The quiz was very helpful. It explained what I missed and gave hints on the correct answer.

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Relative Pronouns: que: Quiz #1 - StudySpanish.com

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Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally!

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I liked this website because it gave specific examples using relative pronouns. First the sentence gave an example without the relative pronoun and explained why it is needed when writing in Spanish! Then it gave the sentence again with the correct relative pronoun. I need explicit examples like this.

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Do you feel frustrated that there are so many similar relative pronouns in Spanish and their usage seems, well-relative?

I have many students who keep asking when to use lo que in Spanish and when to use lo cual. What's the difference between que, el que and quien? How to use cuales?

I know it can be a bit overwhelming at the beginning, but I promise that I will clearly explain the differences, rules, and usage in this brief article. I'll throw in many examples and avoid complicated grammar and linguistic terms.

In the end, you'll know what relative pronouns are and how to use them and you'll be able to check your solid knowledge with a multiple-choice quiz.

Table of Contents:

What Are Relative Pronouns?

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

If you use a relative pronoun, you can join two separate sentences into one, and give more detailed information:

My brother works at a bookshop.

My brother lives in Colombia.

My brother, who lives in Colombia, works at a bookshop.

"Who" is one of the relative pronouns in English, and "who lives in Colombia" is a subordinate relative clause.

It works the same in Spanish. You can classify the relative pronouns according to the element in the main clause that they refer to-things or people.

Some relative pronouns may refer both to people and things, such as:

Others refer only to people:

In Spanish, other words can introduce relative clauses, although they're not relative pronouns. For example, relative adjectives (, ) introduce adjectival relative clauses and adverbs (, ) introduce adverbial relative clauses.

Check out the following articles to learn more about relative adjectives and adverbs:

PRO TIP! You never put an accent mark over relative pronouns.

Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun, as you use it with people, things, concepts, and more. It translates into "that," "which," "who," or "whom."

Although you can omit the relative pronoun in English, you cannot do so in Spanish.

You also use que after preposition, but only if the relative pronoun refers to a thing. If it refers to a person, you'll need to change it to quien.

You can't use que after the prepositions sin, por, and para, as these combinations would be confused with the adverbial conjunctions: sin que, porque, and para que. If you need to use them with que, you'll need to add the definite article el or la before que.

The relative pronoun quien always refers to a person. It means "who" or "whom" in English.

When you use quien, you need to match it in number with the antecedent. If the antecedent is singular, you'll use quien. If it's plural, you have to use quienes.

What's the difference between que and que when referring to people? They're usually interchangeable. However, if you want to use the relative pronoun after a preposition and it refers to a person, you should use quien.

El que, la que, los que, las que

When using the relative pronoun el que, you'll need to match it with the gender and number of the noun it refers to.

Example Sentences in Spanish

As you can see, these combinations can refer both to people and things. They need to be separated from the antecedent with either a comma or a preposition.

El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales

El cual and the other forms also need to match the gender and the number of the noun they refer to.

el cual - singular, masculine

la cual - singular, feminine

los cuales - plural, masculine

las cuales - plural, feminine

You'll use these instead of el que and its related forms when there is more distance in the sentence between the antecedent and the relative pronoun.

For example, when a compound preposition is used. If you need a refresher on this topic, check out this Master List of Compound Prepositions in Spanish [Plus How to Use Them].

Example Sentences in Spanish

If there's no preposition, you only use el cual in explanatory clauses, separated by commas.

Lo que, lo cual

Lo que and lo cual are also relative pronouns, but instead of referring to an antecedent noun, they refer to the whole antecedent clause. They refer to abstract situations and concepts that do not have a gender.

Lo cual and lo que refer to something that has already been mentioned in the same sentence, but only lo que refers to something that has not been mentioned in the same sentence.

Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Multiple Choice Quiz

Check yourself by answering the following 10 questions. Before you start, take a look at this relative pronoun chart for a visual wrap-up.

Now you're ready! Read the following sentences and choose the relative pronoun that fits the blank. Pay attention to accent marks, commas, and prepositions!

Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Practice Spanish Relative Pronouns in 1-to-1 Conversations

Relative pronouns are not difficult to learn, but it will take you some time to use them intuitively without thinking about the rules.

The only way to do it is to read and speak a lot. Being consistent in your Spanish studies is crucial to becoming bilingual. I know it can be hard to find motivation, but being bilingual will change your life, and it's a major investment in your cognitive and decision-making abilities.

If you need a conversational partner in Spanish, let Homeschool Spanish Academy help you achieve your language goals! Sign up for a free trial class and start practicing relative pronouns in Spanish in a 1-to-1 conversation! Check out our affordable pricing and flexible programs!

Join one of the 40,000 classes that we teach each month and you can experience results like these

"This is the best way for your kid to learn Spanish. It's one-on-one, taught by native Spanish speakers, and uses a curriculum."
- Sharon K, Parent of 3

"It's a great way to learn Spanish, from native Spanish speakers in a 1-on-1 environment. It's been fairly easy to schedule classes around my daughter's other classes. The best value for us has been ordering multiple classes at a time. All the instructors have been great!"
- Cindy D, Parent of 3

"HSA offers very affordable, quality, one on one classes with a native speaker. My son has greatly benefited from taking classes. We have seen his confidence increase as well as his pronunciation improve, because he learns from a native Spanish speaker. HSA has quick, personal customer service. Our family has been very pleased with our experience so far!"
- Erica P. Parent of 1
Ready to learn more Spanish grammar? Check these out!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish the Easy Way: Tips and Tricks

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We make it easy! The key to understanding relative pronouns in Spanish and using them correctly is to have a firm grasp on how they function in a sentence.

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Spanish relative pronouns with their possible translations 

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Spanish relative pronouns with their possible translations 

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cuando, when
donde, where
el cual: who, whom, which, that
el que: who, whom, that
que: that, which, who, whom
quien: who, which, whom that

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This video is a great review and of how to use relative pronouns to combine two sentences, and it stresses the importance of them in the Spanish language.

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See all the wonderful things Profesora Chakerian has made

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This source explains things very clearly and helped to solidify my knowledge and dispel many holes in my understanding of all the various uses of relative pronouns in Spanish. It helps me learn through building from "que" (use when no prepositions present) to "el/ la/ los las que" when there are prepositions before or later in the sentences.

https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/spanish-easy-learning/relative-pronouns

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This video is a little long and honestly a bit dry, but it's really helpful because it has so many examples and if you second guess yourself like I do, it also gives you considerations and guidelines to figure out if something is appropriate or not.

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Relative Pronouns in Spanish: Using Que, Quien, Quienes, etc., in Relative Clauses

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In this video lesson I do my best to help learners determine which relative pronoun or pronouns may be used to introduce different kinds of relative clauses. The Spanish relative pronouns (pronombres relativos) que, quien, quienes, el que, la que, los que, las que, el cual, la cual, los cuales and las cuales are explored in detail.

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Spanish Relative Pronouns: Explained For Beginners (baselang.com)
This website offers an explanation of what relative pronouns are, how they operate in English, and how they translate to Spanish. It also breaks down each pronoun with it's English counterpart (ex: "que"="that"; "who"="quien/quienes"). In these breakdowns, it also provides a more in depth explanation of how each word can be used and where it would be placed in the sentence along with examples.

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https://www.spanishdict.com/quizzes/81/relative-pronouns-in-spanish

Spanishdict is a popular resource that I've used for help with conjugations in the past, but I didn't know until now they also have practice quizzes! Lots of questions to practice with.

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Butterfly Spanish has a ton of good videos, the one below goes in depth on the relative pronouns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJD6AeHZ0j4

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How to Use Relative Pronouns in Spanish | The Language Tutor *Lesson 73*

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knowing about commas really helped me grasp what is going on with some of the relative pronouns!

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knowing about commas really helped me grasp what is going on with some of the relative pronouns!

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I use this site often for Spanish questions.

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Spanish Grammar Articles and Lessons | SpanishDict

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Expert articles and interactive video lessons on how to use the Spanish language. Learn about ‘por’ vs. ‘para’, Spanish pronunciation, typing Spanish accents, and more.

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https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/relative-pronouns-in-spanish
This website tells you the basic definition of a relative pronoun but then also provides examples of different onew and when to use them.

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https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/relative-pronouns-in-spanish
I like this resource because it allows you to hear the pronunciation of different relative pronouns in a variety of different sentences with English translation. It also provides a practice quiz at the end to test what you've learned.

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https://grammar.spanishintexas.org/pronouns/relative-pronouns/
This website has a nice breakdown of the common relative pronouns used in Spanish. It includes examples, which I found most helpful, but it also included audio to hear how these relative pronouns sounds in a sentence.

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It is a good for a quick review.

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Here is a short video that explains relative pronouns quite well. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dct8hDp3GK0

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I found this website that explains what relative pronouns are and how to use them. It has this cool thing where you can listen to sentences with relative pronouns being used, then you can record yourself repeating the sentence to see if you understood it.

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The words that, which, and who are not just used in questions. They are used in statements, too. Examples include: My coat, which is blue, is hanging in your closet. Mrs. Castle, who is a music teacher, knows how to play the piano. The highway that extends to the north is the one you want to take.

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I found this website that has a section that teaches the use of relative pronouns. In addition to the five different lessons it also has the opportunity to test and quiz yourself. I liked the look and layout of the page and the ability to test your abilities after the lessons!

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

The next few lessons will cover a subject called "relative pronouns." Remember, pronouns are words that refer to a noun. Relative pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.

One way to view relative pronouns is to recognize that they combine two sentences that share a common noun. In the following example, the common noun is "milk" or "leche."

¿Dónde está la leche?
Where is the milk?

Compraste leche.
You bought milk.

¿Dónde está la leche que compraste?
Where is the milk that you bought?

Another way to view relative pronouns is to recognize that they are used to introduce a clause that modifies a noun. In the following example, the clause "I finished last night" modifies the noun "book."

Terminé el libro anoche.
I finished the book last night.

El libro es muy extenso.
The book is very long.

El libro que terminé anoche es muy extenso.
The book that I finished last night is very long.

The most common relative pronoun, and the one used in the previous two examples is "que". It can be used to refer to both persons and things, in either the subject or the object position. "Que" is the Spanish equivalent of the English words: who, whom, which, and that.

El hombre que es pobre ... (person, subject)
The man who is poor ...

Los libros que son extensos ... (thing, subject)
The books which are long ...

La señorita que conocí ... (person, object)
The young lady whom I met ...

La carta que leíste ... (thing, object)
The letter that you read ...

The relative pronoun is often omitted in English, but it is never omitted in Spanish.

La casa que compramos es nueva.
The house (that) we bought is new.

El programa que miraba era cómico.
The show (that) I was watching was comical.

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Relative Pronouns: que - StudySpanish.com

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. The next few lessons will cover a subject called "relative pronouns." Remember, pronouns are words that refer to a noun. Relative pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.

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Spanish Sentence Structure Series 3: Prepositions & Relative Pronouns

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Flash cards are a fun and simple way to learn about relative pronouns

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Relative pronouns in Spanish flashcards on Tinycards

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How to use them Tinycards by Duolingo is a fun flashcard app that helps you memorize anything for free, forever.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AISFgh4DAso

I choses this video because I think she does a good job going over everything and explaining it in depth. It helped me learn because the entire video is in Spanish which forced me to really think about, pay attention to, and take in what she was saying.

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https://study.com/academy/lesson/spanish-relative-pronouns.html

A clear breakdown of relative pronouns. I liked the simple illustrations in the video

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https://www.fluentu.com/blog/spanish/spanish-relative-pronouns/
Like this blog post about relative pronouns. Descriptive and funny.

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I like this website because it gives a clear explanation of what relative pronounce are. It also helps to understand which pronoun to use depending on the meaning of the sentence.

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Spanish Relative Pronouns - Lawless Spanish Grammar

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Just like in English, a Spanish relative pronoun (que, quien, donde, el que, el cual) links a dependent/relative clause (i.e., a clause that cannot stand alone) to a main clause.

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This is a website I found that has a page on relative pronouns in Spanish and this quiz on another page of this site that tests your knowledge on relative pronouns. It really helped me to find out on which parts I was having trouble on!

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Relative pronouns ( pronombres relativos ) are used to refer back to a noun, pronoun, or phrase that was talked about previously.

Relative pronouns are often used to connect sentences or phrases. For example, the first set of examples in each of the pairs below show individual sentences, while the second set shows the previous sentences joined by a relative pronoun to form a single sentence.

Let's take a look at some very common relative pronouns you're likely to come across in Spanish.

and are two relative pronouns that you'll use a lot.

In general, relative pronouns are used according to their length and the distance between them and their antecedents. The farther the relative pronoun is from the antecedent, the longer the relative pronoun is (the more letters it has).

Que, the shortest relative pronoun, is used when the relative pronoun comes immediately after the antecedent. Nothing separates the relative pronoun from the antecedent, not even a comma.

Que can also be used after a very short separation from the antecedent when referring to places or things. However, if the relative pronoun follows a preposition and refers to a person, you must use quien.

Quien (and its plural form quienes) is used when the antecedent refers to a person and is separated from the antecedent (usually by a comma or preposition). It's commonly used after prepositions like para and con.

El que and el cual (and their related forms) are not very common in speech, but are much more so in written Spanish. They each have four forms that match the antecedent in number and gender.

and its related forms (, , ) must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. El que is generally used when there is more distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, such as a comma or a one-word preposition. It can be used with the prepositions sin, por, and para instead of just plain que to help avoid confusion with sin que, porque, and para que.

and its related forms (, , ) also must match the antecedent they refer to in number and gender. They're used when there is more distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, such as when a compound preposition is used.

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Spanish Grammar Articles and Lessons | SpanishDict

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Relative pronouns ( pronombres relativos ) are used to refer back to a noun, pronoun, or phrase that was talked about previously. Relative pronouns are often used to connect sentences or phrases. For example, the first set of examples in each of the pairs below show individual sentences, while the second set shows the previous sentences joined by a relative pronoun to form a single sentence.

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I found this site to give some nice examples of relative pronouns, which contributed to this weeks lesson.

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The word cual can be used in statements as well as in questions, as long as it has a definite article (el, la, los, or las) in front. When used in statements rather than questions, it can mean that, who, and whom.

El cual and its forms (la cual, los cuales, las cuales) are used in very specific circumstances:

After prepositions of more than one syllable, e.g.

The town that I visited yesterday by bus is called Conocoto.
El pueblo, el cual visité ayer por bus, se llama Conocoto.

When the person or thing to which the relative pronoun refers is unclear, e.g.

The employee of the Vereda company, who was in the news, is going to give a press conference.
El empleado de la compañía Vereda, la cual estaba en las noticias, va a dar una conferencia de prensa.
(If you said, "el que estaba en las noticias" it would mean that the employee had been in the news, not the company.)

When the clause contains information that is NOT essential, e.g.

The Torres brothers, those whom I like, are coming to La Paz the 14th of February.
Los hermanos Torres, los que me gustan, vienen a La Paz el catorce de febrero.

Note that el que and its forms la que, los que, and las que can also be used to talk about the one(s) or that one(s) when you are clarifying which person or thing you are referring to.

Examples of sentences that would require the use of a form of el que are as follows.

My friend, the one who's an actor, is coming tomorrow.
Mi amigo, el que es actor, viene mañana.

I want you to take the car, the one parked in the garage.
Quiero que tomes el auto, el que está estacionado en el garaje.

Did you do the job, that one I asked you to do?
¿Hiciste el trabajo, el que te pedí que hicieras?

Por ejemplo:

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The words that, which, and who are not just used in questions. They are used in statements, too. Examples include: My coat, which is blue, is hanging in your closet. Mrs. Castle, who is a music teacher, knows how to play the piano. The highway that extends to the north ...

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studyspanish.com is the place to go for almost all spanish lessons. I used it in high school primarily, but now I can use it to keep up. It has one lesson and then 6 to 10 quizzes that help you study by testing your knowledge.

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I like this site because it offers free exercises and cultural readings in addition to help on all kinds of Spanish grammar grammar exercises.

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Announcements Spanish Language and Culture with Barbara Kuczun Nelson was formerly known as Spanish Grammar Exercises. Welcome to the new site!

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Relative Pronouns::

I like this page because it has some information about relative pronouns and then examples with audio of what they sound like and how they are used in a real sentence and conversation.
http://grammar.spanishintexas.org/pronouns/relative-pronouns/

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See all the wonderful things Profesora Chakerian has made

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I like this website because it talks you through step by step on how to form a sentence using relative pronouns and then gives you quizzes along the way to help you understand the material. This helps me learn this concept because it allows me to not only read the information but put it to work through the quizzes to make sure that it is solidified.

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1. The written lesson is below.

2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left.

Continuing with the subject of "relative pronouns," remember that pronouns are words that refer to a noun. Relative pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.

The relative pronoun "el que" (and its related forms) is used to refer to both people and things. Note that there are four forms to accomodate singular and plural, masculine and feminine: el que, la que, los que, las que.

Mi tía, la que es profesora, viene a visitarme hoy día.
My aunt, the one who is a professor, is coming to visit me today.

Las mesas, las que son de plástico, son baratas.
The tables, the ones that are made of plastic, are cheap.

Mi tío, el que es taxista, llegará pronto.
My uncle, the one who is a taxi driver, will arrive soon.

Mis pantalones, los que son viejos, son muy cómodos.
My pants, the ones that are old, are very comfortable.

Another set of relative pronouns can be used in place of el que, la que, los que, and las que:

These are not commonly used in everyday conversation, and are generally reserved for written Spanish or formal oratory.

When the relative pronoun refers to an abstract idea, use "lo que."

Lo que quieres no existe.
That which you want does not exist.

No comprendo lo que ocurre.
I do not understand that which is happening.

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Relative Pronouns: el que, la que, los que, las que, and lo que - StudySpanish.com

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The written lesson is below. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the left. Continuing with the subject of "relative pronouns," remember that pronouns are words that refer to a noun. Relative pronouns are called "relative" because they are "related" to a noun that has previously been stated.

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I really liked how precise Jason describes things towards the English comparative form. You also can read along to fully understand what he construes in detail. :)

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Relative Pronouns in Spanish: Using Que, Quien, Quienes, etc., in Relative Clauses

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In this video lesson I do my best to help learners determine which relative pronoun or pronouns may be used to introduce different kinds of relative clauses. The Spanish relative pronouns (pronombres relativos) que, quien, quienes, el que, la que, los que, las que, el cual, la cual, los cuales and las cuales are explored in detail.

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I like this page on relative pronouns. Scroll down to the blue boxes. It seems more clear to me the way they wrote the rules for relative pronouns there. I also like that you can play audio for some sentences, it helps me to practice hearing someone say it all together.

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The word cual can be used in statements as well as in questions, as long as it has a definite article (el, la, los, or las) in front. When used in statements rather than questions, it can mean that, who, and whom.

El cual and its forms (la cual, los cuales, las cuales) are used in very specific circumstances:

After prepositions of more than one syllable, e.g.

The town that I visited yesterday by bus is called Conocoto.
El pueblo, el cual visité ayer por bus, se llama Conocoto.

When the person or thing to which the relative pronoun refers is unclear, e.g.

The employee of the Vereda company, who was in the news, is going to give a press conference.
El empleado de la compañía Vereda, la cual estaba en las noticias, va a dar una conferencia de prensa.
(If you said, "el que estaba en las noticias" it would mean that the employee had been in the news, not the company.)

When the clause contains information that is NOT essential, e.g.

The Torres brothers, those whom I like, are coming to La Paz the 14th of February.
Los hermanos Torres, los que me gustan, vienen a La Paz el catorce de febrero.

Note that el que and its forms la que, los que, and las que can also be used to talk about the one(s) or that one(s) when you are clarifying which person or thing you are referring to.

Examples of sentences that would require the use of a form of el que are as follows.

My friend, the one who's an actor, is coming tomorrow.
Mi amigo, el que es actor, viene mañana.

I want you to take the car, the one parked in the garage.
Quiero que tomes el auto, el que está estacionado en el garaje.

Did you do the job, that one I asked you to do?
¿Hiciste el trabajo, el que te pedí que hicieras?

Por ejemplo:

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The words that, which, and who are not just used in questions. They are used in statements, too. Examples include: My coat, which is blue, is hanging in your closet. Mrs. Castle, who is a music teacher, knows how to play the piano. The highway that extends to the north ...

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I like this because it is really in depth, and it does a nice job of explaining the rules. Also, it gives many example sentences with recordings so you can hear the pronunciation.

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Overview

Relative pronouns are used to refer back to something, usually a noun, that was talked about previously. The noun, pronoun, or phrase to which the relative pronoun refers is called an antecedent. Relative pronouns are often used to connect two short sentences.

Que and quien are two relative pronouns that you'll use a lot.

In general, relative pronouns are used according to their length and the distance between them and their antecedent. The farther the relative pronoun is from the antecedent, the longer the relative pronoun is (the more letters it has).

Que, being the shortest relative pronoun, is used when the relative pronoun comes immediately after the antecedent. Nothing separates the relative pronoun from the antecedent, not even a comma.

Que can also be used after a very short separation from the antecedent when referring to places or things. However, if the relative pronoun follows a preposition and refers to a person, you must use quien.

Quien (and its plural form quienes) is used when the antecedent refers to a person and there is also a short distance between the antecedent and relative pronoun (usually a comma or a one or two syllable preposition). It's also used after certain prepositions, like para and con.

Quien is not used when the relative pronoun immediate follows the antecedent, even if it refers to a person. Que is used instead.

El que and el cual (and their other forms) are not very common in speech, but are much more so in written Spanish. They each have four forms that much with the antecedent in number and gender.

El que and its other forms (la que, los que, las que) must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. El que is generally used when there is more distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, such as a comma or a one-word preposition. It can be used with the prepositions sin, por, and para instead of just plain que to help avoid confusion with sin que, porque, and para que.

El cual and its accompanying forms (la cual, los cuales, las cuales) also must match the antecedent they refer to in number and gender. They're used when there is the more distance between the antecedent and the relative pronoun, such as when a compound preposition is used.

Take a practice quiz!

Practice what you know with our quiz tool.

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Relative pronouns are used to refer back to something, usually a noun, that was talked about previously. The noun, pronoun, or phrase to which the relative pronoun refers is called an antecedent. Relative pronouns are often used to connect two short sentences. Que and quien are two relative pronouns that you'll use a lot.

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Have a look around the web to see what resources are out there for learning to use relative pronouns in Spanish. Share your favorites here on this Padlet page. Tell us what you like about this particular resource and how it helps you learn. If you don't have a Padlet account the title of your post should be your name so we know who is posting.  (To add a post, double click anywhere on the screen)

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Quizzes › Subject › English › Grammar › Pronoun › Relative Pronoun › Relative Pronouns Que & Quien

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You can test your comprehension of relative pronouns by taking this short quiz

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Spanish Language Exercises - Self-Check - Relative Pronouns - Quiz

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A nice breakdown of relative pronouns in simple language with multiple examples.

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Relative Pronouns in Spanish - Spanish411

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The way you can do this is by using what's called a "relative pronoun." In English a relative pronoun is a word like "that," "which," "who," "whom," or "whose." These words are "relative" in that they relate one clause to another. They are pronouns because they simplify the sentence by taking the place of a noun and eliminating repetition.

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This 6 minute long video breaks down the most common relative pronouns and shows you how to use them. You are presented with a view of a classroom style blackboard. This video is good for people that learn well in the traditional classroom with examples on the blackboard.

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Explaining the RELATIVE PRONOUNS: que, lo que, quien, quienes in Spanish

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A quick lesson explaining how to connect simple sentences in Spanish to form complex sentences by using the relative pronouns: que, lo que, quien, quienes