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To test whether adults with HFA and Asperger syndrome would struggle to identify emotions from photographs of eyes.

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All volunteer:
Autism group= 13 men and 3 women
Control group= 25 men and women
Tourette's group= 8 men and 2 women

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All participants saw 25 black and white photos of eyes for 3 seconds and were asked to choose between mental states represented by the photograph. Some were basic (such as happy) and others were more complex (fantasising).

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Participants in the autism and Tourette's group took another quite difficult test. If the Eyes Test really measures theory of mind ability, then those who struggle with it should score less-well in the Strange stories test.

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All participants took a gender recognition test,, in which they had to identify the gender of the eyes and a basic emotion recognition test

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Everyone performed normally on the control task. In the Eyes Task, the autism group did significantly worse than the 2 control groups. Although 16.3/20 may appear to be a reasonable score, bear in mind they had a 50% chance of guessing the right answer.

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http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/autism

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170417182923.htm

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1) Give the aim of the Baron-Cohen study.
2) Describe the sample used in Baron-Cohen.
3) Outline 2 ways in which the participants were tested.
4) Outline how the Baron-Cohen study can be considered to provide an individual explanation for behaviour

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1.) HFA adults including those with Asperger's syndrome have a significant problem with their theory of mind. This supports the idea that theory of mind deficit is central to understanding autism and might even directly cause its main symptoms.
2.)The Eyes Task is a valid test of theory of mind suitable for HFA adults.

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+ The quantitative data allows for easy comparison with high numbers.
- As there is no qualitative data, we cannot see which emotion was recognised incorrectly most frequently, and we do not know what the participants thought it could've been.
+ High internal reliability as the procedure is highly standardised.
- Poor ecological validity as looking at a pair of eyes is different to seeing the whole face