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See Billboard's rankings of this year's most popular songs, albums, and artists.

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SANTANA - The Official Carlos Santana Web Site

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The girl from Ipanema

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"The Girl from Ipanema"  Astrud Gilberto, João Gilberto and Stan Getz

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Bandoneon Tango 'La Cumparsita' Orq Matos Rodriguez.wmv

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How to do the dance

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James & Joanna take you through the basic eight, windmill and forward ochos.

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A secondary school revision resource for GCSE Music about music for dance and paired dance

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Bossa nova, (Portuguese: "new trend") Brazilian popular music that evolved in the late 1950s from a union of samba (a Brazilian dance and music) and cool jazz. The music is in syncopated 24 time. The composer Antonio Carlos Jobim and the guitarist João Gilberto may be considered the founders of

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Music in Latin America is widely influenced by colourful and exotic carnivals and a range of dance styles. Carnivals may include fanfarras, featuring brass instruments associated with fanfare, and almost always a samba band.

The samba band features bass drums known as surdo, tenor drums known as repiniques, smaller drums known as tamborim and timbales and the distinctive sound of the agogô bells.

Musical features

Among the distinctive dance styles arising from Latin America are salsa and tango. You can find out more about these styles in the Paired Dance guide.

Other distinctive dance and musical styles are:

rhumba - where the music is slow in tempo, expressive and in a 4/4 time signature

bomba - which features call and response, with two beats in a bar

merengue - a dance in a 2/4 time signature, but featuring groups of five

bossa nova - less dense in texture than the samba, a 2/4 time signature, and highly syncopated dotted rhythms

In addition to these famous dances and their musical accompaniments, there are a range of musical traditions, ensembles and styles across Latin America

These include the Chacarera from Argentina, which includes clapping and is in waltz time . Cuba's habanera is a variation on the tango and is based around a dotted rhythm, which also appears in some other tango influenced dances.

Vallenato is a popular style of folk music in Bolivia. It makes extensive use of the accordion and originates from village and rural life. Among the music of Mexico is the Huapango in which the metre often shifts. The time signature may continually shift from 3/4 to 6/8, for example.

Andean music also appears across several countries in Latin America and can be recognised through its distinctive use of the panpipes, charango and percussion such as the chajchas .

Instruments

Well known Latin American percussion instruments include the conga and claves . Conga are large hand drums which the musician has to stand to play. Claves are short wooden sticks which have a surprisingly clear sound, even in a large ensemble and play many of the central rhythms used in Latin American music. Cow bells and timbales also feature alongside other instruments in the salsa band.

Different types of guitar also feature extensively in Latin American ensembles. These include the Cuban guitar (usually with six or nine strings), the guitarrone (an acoustic bass guitar used in the music of Mexico), the Bajo Sexto with its sharply curved neck and the Vihuela, a five string instrument constructed in a variety of sizes from small to very thick bodied.

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BBC Bitesize - GCSE Music - Asia, Latin America and the Middle East - Revision 3

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1 2 3 4 Page 3of 4 Music in Latin America is widely influenced by colourful and exotic carnivals and a range of dance styles. Carnivals may include fanfarras, featuring brass instruments associated with fanfare, and almost always a samba band.

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Rhythm, dance, instruments and characteristics

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Latin Music

Fruor musica latinae. Dives et lenimur et pulchra est. Bunom est vivere in mundo quod habet bonum musica.

What? I'm talking about music in Latin. Isn't that what this lesson is about? Latin music, right? Oh, you mean the music of Latin America, or the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Yeah, I guess that makes more sense.

Latin music has roots in Southern Europe, Africa, and the indigenous cultures of Latin America, so it's a pretty cool synthesis of world music. It is motivated by emotion and passion, rhythm and movement, so get up on your feet because you can't take Latin music sitting down. As they say in Latin America, ¡Baila!

Latin Rhythm

One of the most famous aspects of Latin music is the rhythm, which is largely inspired by traditional African beats that were developed in the Caribbean. Although there are many variants on this rhythm, the most fundamental form is called the clave, which is simply the basic Latin rhythm. This basic beat is what holds all of the complex rhythmic patterns of Latin music in place.

There are two main patterns. The first is called the son clave, originally named after the Cuban musical genre of son Cubano. Basically, the son clave features alternating patterns of threes and twos. This pattern gives the music a pulsating beat filled with the building and release of musical tension. The first three beats are called a tresillo, or triplet in English, which means three notes evenly spaced across two beats. This means that they are slightly off the beat, which is part of what gives it that driving momentum.

The other main clave pattern is the rumba clave, which flips the son clave around and has two alternating patterns of twos and threes. The two paired beats come first with a triplet coming next. This mixes up the beat, but the effect is still largely the same, creating music with a heavy, driving rhythm that is as much the focus of the song as the actual melody, if not more.

Latin music is characterized first and foremost by the rhythm. This is not some background or subtle beat; the rhythm is in many ways the real focus of the music. But, it's not the only part of the music; melodies and harmonies are both important parts of this music as well.

Latin Instruments

Latin music developed as a mixture of musical traditions from around the world and this means that it is actually pretty open when it comes to instruments. There are few restrictions as far as what is and is not allowed. Latin music has always embraced a certain freedom of experimentation.

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instruments & characteristics - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Latin Music: Rhythm, Dance, Instruments & Characteristics - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Fruor musica latinae. Dives et lenimur et pulchra est. Bunom est vivere in mundo quod habet bonum musica. What? I'm talking about music in Latin. Isn't that what this lesson is about? Latin music, right? Oh, you mean the music of Latin America, or the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.

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Salsa

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A secondary school revision resource for GCSE Music about music for dance and paired dance