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6 household foods that are deadly to dogs

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6 Household Foods That Are Deadly To Dogs! | Common foods that are Toxic to Dogs | RealPetTips.com

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Want to Know What The Blue Stuff Is? https://youtu.be/ndf7mWvOoTM There are many common foods that are highly poisonous to our canine friends. Veterinarian Ted Morris goes over the most common household foods that you must keep away from your dog!

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If you think your dog's been poisoned contact your vet immediately. For more information: Poisoning in dogs.
Metaldehyde is a common ingredient of slug/snail baits or pellets. However, not all slug baits contain metaldehyde; it is important to check which type has been ingested. Metaldehyde poisoning is extremely serious and is usually fatal without urgent treatment. Metaldehyde is the most common known cause of dog deaths in cases referred to the VPIS.

Dogs may initially appear unsteady on their feet and twitchy, but may rapidly deteriorate and suffer continuous convulsions and possibly respiratory failure.

Chocolate - Never give chocolate to your pet

Chocolate poisoning is the most commonly reported type of dog poisoning reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS). Chocolate contains the stimulant theobromine. Dark chocolate, cocoa mulch and cocoa contain high levels of theobromine.

Keep all drugs out of the reach of pets!
Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration, hyperactivity, high temperature and blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythm and tremors.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

E.g. ibuprofen naproxen and many others.

Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, bleeding from the gut, stomach ulceration and kidney failure.

Rodent Poisons ('rodenticides')

This refers to anticoagulant rodenticides, such as warfarin, which prevent blood clotting. Not all rodenticides are anticoagulants. It's important to check which one has been ingested.

Poisoning may cause life-threatening bleeding; effects may not appear for several days. Bleeding may be internal and isn't always visible.

Grapes, raisins, sultanas, currants

Any quantity of these can be toxic. Cooking or baking doesn't reduce the risk of poisoning.

Poisoning may initially result in vomiting and diarrhoea and subsequently in kidney failure (which may occur a few days after the initial effects).

Vitamin D

Vitamin D exists in many forms and is found in a variety of products, e.g. creams/ointments for psoriasis.

Poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, bleeding from the gut, convulsions, abnormal heart rhythm and kidney failure. Effects may be delayed for several days and may be permanent.

Acknowledgement Acknowledgement for this information is made to The Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) . Some helpful information is available on their website.

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Learn about common dog poisons here | RSPCA

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If you think your dog's been poisoned contact your vet immediately . For more information: Poisoning in dogs . Metaldehyde is a common ingredient of slug/snail baits or pellets. However, not all slug baits contain metaldehyde; it is important to check which type has been ingested.

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Every dog deserves good wholesome food. Make sure your dog has a healthy diet.

Ensure your dog has a healthy diet

Our top tips for feeding dogs

Without water to drink, your dog may become seriously ill within hours. Give your dog constant access to clean drinking water.

Your dog needs a well-balanced diet to keep them healthy. Make sure your dog eats a diet suitable for their age, lifestyle and health status. Why not try our dog food?

Feed your dog at least once each day, unless advised otherwise by your vet.

Most human meals will not provide dogs with the nutrition they need. Some human foods, such as chocolate and onions, can even be poisonous to dogs.

How much your dog needs to eat depend on their diet, lifestyle and health. Read and follow the feeding instructions on any dog foods that you buy.

Adjust how much you feed your dog to make sure they don't become under or overweight.

If your dog's eating or drinking habits change, find or call a vet, as your dog could be ill.

Make your dog some delicious and healthy treats by following the instructions in our video:

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Healthy and balanced diet for your dog | RSPCA

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Every dog deserves good wholesome food. Make sure your dog has a healthy diet. Ensure your dog has a healthy diet Without water to drink, your dog may become seriously ill within hours. Give your dog constant access to clean drinking water. Your dog needs a well-balanced diet to keep them healthy.

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There are lots of different diets available for your dog. Find out more about the ways you can feed your dog and what our vets recommend.

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Understanding Advanced Dog Nutrition. Dog Care Info & Advice. Pets At Home

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On a daily basis dogs require proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water all depending on their life stage. Find out more in this Pets At Home guide.

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It's important to keep a close eye on your dog's body condition. Watch this video to help determine whether your dog's weight is ideal, high or low. Do not hesitate to ask your vet during a visit to check your dog's body condition.

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Pets at Home TV advert 2017 – ‘What’s In Your Dog’s Dinner?’ with Jimmy Doherty

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WHAT DOES "LIFESTAGE" MEAN?

In summary, there are three key stages when it is vitally important to support your dog by providing them with the appropriate tailored nutrition. These three lifestages include:

1. Growth

2. Maintenance (and there will be a difference in maintenance depending on whether your dog is neutered or not and depending on how active they are)

3. Seniority

Further details on each of the nutritional lifestages are given below.

Growth

Puppies require a higher energy diet which will support their rapid growth rate in the early stages, as well as continuing to support their growth throughout adolescence. Their diets should support growth by using an adapted level of calcium and phosphorous to ensure strong skeletal development, whilst avoiding any risk of excess or deficiency. As puppies' digestive systems are still developing, they are prone to digestive sensitivities, so also ensure junior diets are highly digestible, through select protein choice and with the addition of prebiotics.

Maintenance

For adult animals, the main nutritional aim is to provide a diet balanced in all the nutrients to help maintain good body condition, without resulting in excessive weight gain in your dog. High quality proteins and a balanced intake of dietary fibres support the digestive system. Antioxidants help to support natural defences and a blend of vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids help to support hair and skin health. For neutered dogs, many will risk weight gain due to a decrease in their energy requirements. Therefore, a diet containing fewer calories, whilst maintaining good feeding volumes will become appropriate to help to maintain weight whilst controlling hunger. This may take the form of a light maintenance diet or a diet specifically for neutered animals as recommended by your vet.

Seniority

As pets get older, their nutritional requirements change and so it is important to reassess their diet. Diets for the older animal should feature a reduced phosphorous content to help support kidney health, as well as a regulated protein content to support any muscle wastage your dog may experience with age. Antioxidants help to neutralise free radicals as natural defences may become less effective. The addition of glucosamine and chondroitin is also an important consideration in joint support.

HOW DO I KNOW WHICH STAGE MY PET IS IN?

Every dog will pass through each of the three stages, regardless of their size or breed. However, the different stages last for differing periods of time depending on your dog's breed and/or size.

For example, a large breed dog will have a much longer growth period than a small or medium breed and therefore will need to be fed a puppy food for longer. Another difference is that smaller breed dogs take much longer to start the ageing process, so they will need to be fed a maintenance diet for longer before being introduced onto a diet designed for more senior pets.

We can notice that the ageing process takes place in two stages. A dog is considered to start ageing when it reaches approximately half its life-expectancy - 8 years for X-Small and Mini dogs, 7 years for Medium dogs and 5 years for Maxi dogs. At this stage, a dog is classed as 'mature'. While the ageing process starts to affect your dog's physiology, initially there may be few outwardly visible signs.

Then, at around two thirds of its life-expectancy, a dog is considered 'senior' and you may start to see more obvious changes. For X-Small and Mini dogs this is at 12 years, for Medium dogs at 10 years and for Maxi dogs at 8 years. At this time, you may want to make some management changes to help support your dog's quality of life, giving shorter, more frequent walks and using extra soft, warm bedding for example.

However, at ROYAL CANIN®, we understand that lifestages can be confusing and we would always recommend you seek professional advice if you are unsure of which lifestage food your pet requires. Your vet or local pet-food retailer will be more than happy to help, or you can find further information on our website www.royalcanin.co.uk

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Feeding Your Dog According to its Lifestage - ROYAL CANIN®

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In summary, there are three key stages when it is vitally important to support your dog by providing them with the appropriate tailored nutrition. These three lifestages include: Growth Maintenance (and there will be a difference in maintenance depending on whether your dog is neutered or not and depending on how active they are) Seniority Further details on each of the nutritional lifestages are given below.

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Dog Nutrition Tips

A balanced diet is critically important to your dog's cell maintenance and growth and overall health. Barring any special needs, illness-related deficiencies, or instructions from your vet, your pet should be able to get all the nutrients he or she needs from high-quality commercial pet foods, which are specially formulated with these standards in mind.

But dogs of different ages have different nutritional requirements. So, how much-or how little-should you be feeding your four-legged friend? Read on to learn what your pet's body needs at the various stages of life.

Nutrients Your Dog Needs

Nutrients are substances obtained from food and used by an animal as a source of energy and as part of the metabolic machinery necessary for maintenance and growth. There are the six essential classes of nutrients dogs need for optimum healthy living.

Water
Essential to life, water accounts for between 60 to 70% of an adult pet's body weight. While food may help meet some of your pet's water needs (dry food has up to 10% moisture, while canned food has up to 78% moisture), pets must have fresh clean water available to them at all times. A deficiency of water may have serious repercussions for pets. A 10% decrease in body water can cause serious illness, while a 15% loss can result in death.

Proteins
Proteins are the basic building blocks for cells, tissues, organs, enzymes, hormones and antibodies, and are essential for growth, maintenance, reproduction and repair. Proteins can be obtained from a number of sources including animal-based meats such as chicken, lamb, turkey, beef, fish and eggs (which have complete amino acid profiles) and in vegetables, cereals and soy (but these are considered incomplete proteins).
Please note: Do not give your pet raw eggs. Raw egg white contains avidin, an anti-vitamin that interferes with the metabolism of fats, glucose, amino acids and energy.
Fats
Fats are the most concentrated form of food energy, providing your pet with more than twice the energy of proteins or carbohydrates. Fats are essential in the structure of cells, needed for the production of some hormones, and are required for absorption and utilization of certain vitamins. Fats also provide insulation and protection for internal organs. A deficiency of essential fatty acids (such as linoleic acid) may result in reduced growth or increased skin problems.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide energy, play a vital role in the health of the intestine, and are important for reproduction. While there is no minimum carbohydrate requirement, there is a minimum glucose requirement necessary to supply energy to critical organs such as the brain.

Fibers are kinds of carbohydrates that alter the bacterial population in the small intestine, which can help manage chronic diarrhea in dogs. For dogs to obtain the most benefit from fiber, the fiber source must be moderately fermentable. Moderately fermentable fibers-including beet pulp, which is commonly used in dog foods-are best to promote a healthy gut while avoiding the undesirable side effects of highly fermentable fibers, like flatulence and excess mucus.

Other examples of moderately fermentable fibers include brans (corn, rice and wheat) and wheat middlings. Foods that are high in fiber are not good for dogs with high energy requirements, and who are young and growing.

Vitamins
Tiny amounts of vitamins are necessary in dogs for normal metabolic functioning. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body, and therefore are essential to obtain in the diet.

Please note that when feeding your dog a complete and balanced diet, it is unnecessary to give a vitamin supplement unless a specific vitamin deficiency is diagnosed by a veterinarian. Due to over supplementation, poisoning due to excess vitamins (hypervitaminosis) is more common these days than vitamin deficiency (hypovitaminosis). Excess vitamin A may result in bone and joint pain, brittle bones and dry skin. Excess vitamin D may result in very dense bones, soft tissue calcification and kidney failure.

Minerals
Minerals are nutrients that cannot be synthesized by animals and must be provided in the diet. In general, minerals are most important as structural constituents of bones and teeth, for maintaining fluid balance and for their involvement in many metabolic reactions.

Weaning and Feeding Your Puppy

If you're responsible caring for puppies in the first few months of their lives, you'll need to be prepared to move them from a diet of mom's milk to regular puppy food. This process of gradually reducing a puppy's dependency on his mother's milk, known as weaning, should generally begin between three and four weeks of age and is ideally completely by the time the puppy is seven to eight weeks.

When to Wean a Litter of Puppies
Puppies receive complete nutrition from their mother's milk for the first four weeks of life, so there is no need to feed them anything during that time. However, in the event that the mother dog is ill or doesn't produce enough milk during these four weeks-or if the pups are found as orphans-it may be necessary to feed them commercial milk replacer. If you find yourself in this situation, contact your veterinarian for product and feeding recommendations.

After that time, it's best to let weaning be a gradual process that occurs over several weeks. This allows the mother dog to slowly dry up her milk supply and puppies need time to learn important behaviors from their mother and littermates, including how to interpret signs of dominance, inhibit their own biting habits and submit to more dominant dogs. Puppies generally begin eating puppy food around three to four weeks of age.

How to Wean a Litter of Puppies
Start by separating the mother from her litter for a few hours at a time. This time apart will reduce the pups' dependency on their mother's milk and overall presence. While separated, introduce the puppies to eating from a pan. The amount of food, the frequency and length of separation can gradually be increased. As the puppies become independent and self-confident, they can spend more and more time away from their mother until they are completely weaned.

Take your time. It can be frustrating if puppies don't immediately take to the transition, but be patient-periodic setbacks are normal!

Caring for the Mother During the Weaning Process
To prevent the mother from overproducing milk-which can lead to painful, engorged mammary glands-it is important to follow a feeding and separation schedule both for her and the puppies. This should be discussed with your veterinarian to ensure that the puppies are receiving adequate nutrition, and that the mother's food intake is being adjusted properly when she is no longer nursing her litter.

Feeding Your Puppy During the Weaning Process
While weaning, it's a good idea to feed puppies the same high-quality puppy food they'll eat throughout their entire growth period. Be sure to moisten the food with warm water (or puppy milk replacer) to create a soupy mix that's appealing to their sensitive palates.

Puppies often play with their food when it is first introduced, but they will quickly learn what to do with it! Start with small quantities, and gradually increase the amount of puppy food. By the time the pups are completely weaned at seven to eight weeks old, they should be eating their dry food consistently.

How Much Dry Food to Feed Your Puppy
Puppies require up to twice the energy intake of adult dogs and, depending on the breed, will need to be fed a food that contains 25 to 30% protein. Remember, the adult size of a dog is determined genetically-not by how fast the animal grows. Do not overfeed in an attempt to accelerate a puppy's growth rate.

If they are allowed to overeat, puppies can consume too many calories, grow too rapidly and develop health problems. Small breeds often reach their adult body weight in nine to twelve months. As puppies, its okay to leave dry food out for small them to peck as they wish. But most medium-breed puppies and all large- or giant-breed pups can suffer from bone or joint problems if they eat too much during this stage and benefit most from controlled feeding.

Feeding Your Adult Dog

Adult dogs require sufficient nutrients to meet energy needs and to maintain and repair body tissues. The amount you feed your adult dog should be based on his or her size and energy output. Activity levels may vary dramatically between pets, and will play an important role in determining caloric intake.

How Much to Feed Your Dog
The amount you feed your adult dog should be based on his or her size and energy output. For example, an animal with a normal activity level should receive what we call "maintenance" energy. A pampered lap dog may require just 10% of that, while an active pet who exercises regularly outdoors may require maintenance plus 20 to 40%.

You may need to adjust portions as you learn your dog's ideal "maintenance" amount. Pet owners should always consult with their dog's veterinarian to determine the best feeding schedule and types of foods for their pets.

Outside factors, like the temperature, can contribute to how much your dog should eat. Since keeping warm and cool require extra energy expenditure, extreme hot or cold weather can also increase a dog's energy needs. Talk to your pet's veterinarian about what to do when the mercury dips or soars.

Feeding Working Canines
A dog's energy needs will increase with his or her work and stress level, and the dietary needs of working canines-such as police dogs, guide dogs and cattle dogs-will depend on their occupations. A dog with a moderate work load may require an energy increase of 40% compared to maintenance, whereas a dog with a high work load may require an extra 50 to 70%.

Feeding Your Dog as He Recovers from Surgery
An animal recovering from surgery or suffering from a disease may have an increased nutritional requirement for repair, healing and fighting infection. Be sure to check with your veterinarian on your pet's post-opt nutritional needs.

Limiting Treats
Treats should be given in moderation and represent five percent or less of the dog's daily food intake. The rest should come from a nutritionally compete dog food. When using treats as motivation, such as during training exercises, use the smallest pieces you can.

Setting a Feeding Schedule
We recommend all dogs be fed twice daily. Simply divide the amount of food your pet requires into two meals, spaced eight to twelve hours apart. Dogs may be fed in a number of ways that meet both the owner's and the animal's needs. These methods include portion-control, free-choice and timed feeding.

Portion-control feeding refers to controlling the amount of food that your pet consumes by measuring your pet's food and providing it in one or meals daily. This method is often used for weight control programs and for animals that might overeat if fed free-choice.

Free-choice feeding allows food to be available to your pet at all times, as much as your pet wants, and whenever he or she wants it. This method is best when feeding dry food, which will not spoil when left out. Most nursing mothers are often free-choice fed, but some dogs will overeat when fed in this manner, resulting in obesity.

Timed feeding involves making a portion of food available for your pet to eat for a specific period of time. For example, food can be placed in the dog's bowl for 30 minutes. After that time, if the pet has not consumed the food, it is removed.

Feeding Your Senior Dog

Dogs begin to show visible age-related changes at about seven to 12 years of age. There are metabolic, immunologic and body composition changes, too. Some of these may be unavoidable while others can be managed with diet. When feeding your older dog, the main objective should be to maintain health and optimum body weight, slow development of chronic disease and minimize diseases that may already be present.

Your Pet's Size Will Determine When to Begin a Senior Diet
As your dog ages, health issues may arise including deterioration of skin and coat, loss of muscle mass, more frequent intestinal problems, arthritis, obesity, dental problems and decreased ability to fight off infection. Since smaller dogs live longer and don't experience these age-related changes as early as bigger dogs, size is used to determine when it's time to feed your canine a senior diet.

A good guideline to follow is:

Small breeds and dogs weighing less than 20 pounds-7 years of age

Medium breeds and dogs weighing 21 to 50 pounds-7 years of age

Large breeds and dogs weighing 51 to 90 pounds-6 years of age

Giant breeds and dogs weighing 91 pounds or more-5 years of age

Avoid "Senior" Diets That Have Reduced Levels of Protein
Studies have shown that the protein requirement for older dogs does not decrease with age, and that protein levels do not contribute to the development or progression of renal (kidney) failure. It is important to feed older dogs diets that contain optimum levels of highly digestible protein to help maintain good muscle mass.

Older dogs have been shown to progressively put on body fat in spite of consuming fewer calories. This change in body composition is inevitable and may be aggravated by either reduced energy expenditure or a change in metabolic rate. Either way, it is important to feed a diet with a lower caloric density to avoid weight gain, but with a normal protein level to help maintain muscle mass.

Talk To Your Veterinarian About Increasing Your Senior Dog's GLA And FOS Intake
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid that plays a role in the maintenance of healthy skin and coat. Although it is normally produced in a dog's liver, GLA levels may be diminished in older dogs.

Aging can affect a dog's intestinal bacteria, which can result in symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. Senior diets for dogs should contain FOS (fructooligosaccharides) to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria.

Look For Foods with High Levels of Vitamin E and Beta-Carotene
Antioxidants such as vitamin E and beta-carotene help eliminate free radical particles that can damage body tissues and cause signs of aging. Senior diets for dogs should contain higher levels of these antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants can also increase the effectiveness of the immune system in senior dogs.

Maintain Consistency
Routine care for geriatric pets should involve a consistent daily routine and periodic veterinary examinations to assess the presence or progress of chronic disease. Stressful situations and abrupt changes in daily routines should be avoided. If a drastic change must be made to an older pet's routine, try to minimize stress by introducing the change in a gradual manner.

Overweight Dogs

One of the most common pitfalls dog parents should watch out for is overfeeding. Attempts to shower our dogs with love by means of big meals and lots of tasty treats are sweet, but misguided. In dogs, as with humans, extra weight can lead to health problems. Be sure to indulge your four-legged friend with affection, not food!

Causes of Obesity in Dogs
Obesity is an extremely common problem in pets and, as with humans, it can be detrimental to the health of a dog. The overweight pet has many added stresses upon his body and is at an increased risk of diabetes, liver problems and joint pain.

Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy requirements. This excess energy is then stored as fat. The majority of cases of obesity are related to simple overfeeding coupled with lack of exercise. Certain groups of dogs appear to be more prone to obesity than others. Specific breeds, such as Labrador retrievers and pugs, and older dogs are particularly susceptible.

How to Tell if Your Pet is Overweight
There are a few ways easy ways to identify whether your pet has put on the pounds. You should be able to feel the backbone and touch the rubs in an animal of healthy weight. If you cannot feel your pet's ribs without pressing, there is too much fat.

Also, you should see a noticeable waist between the back of the rib cage and the hips when looking at your pet from above. When viewed from the side, there should be a "tuck" in the tummy, meaning the abdomen should go up from the bottom of the rib cage to inside the thighs. Dogs who fail these simple tests may be overweight.

How to Help Manage Your Dog's Weight
We have a few tips that can help your pet shed the extra padding. Please note, if your pup has put on weight, we recommend that you consult your pet's vet before starting on a weight loss program.

Correct your pet's diet. Overweight animals consume more calories than they require. Work with your veterinarian to select a more suitable food and determine your pet's caloric requirements. The diet should contain a normal level of a moderately fermentable fiber and fat to prevent the skin and coat from suffering during weight loss.

Increase regular exercise. Increasing physical activity can be valuable to both weight loss and weight maintenance. Regular exercise burns more calories, reduces appetite, changes body composition and will increase your pet's resting metabolic rate.

Modify your behavior. A successful weight management program means making changes in your behaviors that have contributed to your pet's weight. For example, you may be giving your pet too many treats or not giving her enough opportunities to exercise.

Here are some ways you can commit to your pet's weight loss:

Remove your pet from the room when the family eats

Feed your pet several small meals throughout the day

Reduce snacks and treats, and feed all meals and treats in your pet's bowl only

Provide non-food related attention with lots of affection

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A balanced diet is critically important to your dog's cell maintenance and growth and overall health. But dogs of different ages have different nutritional requirements. So, how much-or how little-should you be feeding your four-legged friend? Read on to learn what your pet's body needs at the various stages of life.

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submitted to moodle by 28th of septermber

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Not all dogs are the same. Some breeds have specific needs, depending on their size, coat, digestion and other factors. So make sure you feed the right food for your breed of dog to ensure they get the nutritional solution that meets their exact needs.

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Not all dogs are the same. Some breeds have specific needs, depending on their size, coat, digestion and other factors. So make sure you feed the right food for your breed of dog to ensure they get the nutritional solution that meets their exact needs.