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The Division between Germany after the war.

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How difficult were conditions in Germany following total defeat in the war?

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How difficult were conditions in Germany following total defeat in the war?

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•  After the war Germany was divided into four temporary occupation zones. These were roughly based on the locations of the Allied armies. The German capital, Berlin, was also divided into four: The French sector, British sector, American sector and Soviert sector.

• 6 million Germans fled the areas which would become occupied by other countries during the division and before the Red Guards took over. Approximately 1.1 million died and 3.6 million were expelled by the Polish.

• All territories controlled by Germany before the war from Austria and Czechoslovakia were returned to their countries. Territory such as Memel which was previously controlled by Lithuania was put under the Soviet Union's control in 1945, later transferred to the Luthuanian SSR.

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How much opposition was there to the Nazis within Germany during the war years?

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How much opposition was there to the Nazis within Germany during the war years?

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The Nazis faced opposition during the war from several youth groups as well as from religious leaders.

Opposition from young people
• Edelweiss Pirates also opposed the Nazi rule. At weekends, they went on hikes, met other groups and hoped to beat up Hitler Youth patrol. During the Second World War, they collected propaganda leaflets dropped by Allied bombers and pushed them through people's doors.

• The White Rose Group was set up by Hans and Sophie Scholl as well as Professor Kurt Huber at Munich University in 1941. The group called for a compaign of passive resistance against the Nazi regime. They distributed leaflets in attempt to maker people aware of Nazi atrocities. The leaders were arrested by the Gestapo and were later tortured and hanged.

Opposition from religious groups
• Martin Niemoller set up the Confessional Church in 1934. It was an alternative to the National Reich Church. He spoke out in public against the Nazi regime frequently. He was later arrested and spent seven years in concentration camps.

• Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Protestant pastor & member of the Confessional Church. He critically spoke out against Nazi racist policies and helped jews escape to Switzerland, but was later arrested by the Gestapo in October 1942, and was executed April 1945.

• Von Galen, the Catholic Archbishop of Munster spoke out against the Nazi euthanasia policy, Gestapo terror and concentration camps. He was known as the 'Lion of Munster' but was arrested following the July Bomb Plot of 1944.

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How was life affected during the war years?

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How was life affected during the war years?

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During the early years of the war, life back home in Germany was mainly focused around the War effort.

• The success of the Blitzkrieg tactics used by the army in Poland/Western Europe brought victories and secured new supplies such as raw materials, food and luxury goods.

• Germany began to follow a policy of autarky, meaning they attempted to become self-sufficient. By 1939, food was rationed as well as clothes and fuel.

• In fear of bombing raids, the Nazis evacuated children from Berlin in September 1940, but many soon returned.

• Mass evacuation took place in 1943, with Austria/Bavaria being the main destinations.

•All sections of society were encouraged to play a part in the war effort. The Hitler Youth actively collected metal, clothing and books.

•Despite Nazi Belief of women being in the home, more women were recruited into the work industry after 1937, because spaces of enlisted men were to be filled.

•Goebbels made effective use of propaganda using the German victory of 1939-1941 to boost morale at home. This alone ensured support of the war effort.