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Alliance for Progress was President Kennedy's program that gave economic help to Latin America. It promised to regain America's "Good Neighbor" policy toward Latin America. Many countries thought that that the United States had too much of an influence in their region. It also gave economic assistance to Latin America. However, the Alliance for Progress was not successful.

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On April 17, 1961, a CIA-led force of Cuban exiles attacked Cuba in the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Forces were not prepared and landed with no protective cover. All but 300 of the 1,400 invaders were killed or captured. The Bays of Pigs Invasion failed. Kennedy took personal responsibility for the failed invasion and many Cuban Americans turned against him.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 1962 conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union resulting from the Soviet installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The Soviets were building nuclear missile sites in Cuba to protect Castro from another American invasion. Major East Coast cities and the Panama Canal would be in range of the missiles. Kennedy demanded the removal of the missiles on television on October 22, 1962.

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Draftees were young American men drafted into the military service during the Vietnam War. By 1965, most of the troops sent to Vietnam were no longer volunteers who had enlisted in the army. The men were assigned a tour in Vietnam. More than 1.5 million men were drafted into the military during the Vietnam War. All males were required to register when they turned 18.

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Eugene McCarthy was born on March 29, 1916. He was an American politician, poet, and a Congressman from Minnesota. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. McCarthy was also the antiwar candidate for the Democratic Party nomination. He believed that the war had divided America and drained resources away from the fights against poverty and discrimination.

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Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926. He was a Cuban leader. He challenged the U.S. in the fight to stop the spread of Communism. Kennedy now charged that there was now a "missile gap" that left the U.S. nuclear missile force nothing compared to that of the Soviet Union. Kennedy's goal was to build up the nation's armed forces.

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The Great Society was President Johnson's goals in the areas of healthcare, education, the environment, discrimination, and poverty. It was seen as Johnson's "vision" for America. He thought that Americans had spread around throughout the continent and were focused on developing industrially and creating wealth. Johnson said the work of America was not complete. He wanted an opportunity for every child.

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Ho Chi Minh was born on May 19, 1890. He became involved in anti-French organizations as a young man and left Vietnam in 1912. He looked for westerners who would support his plans for Vietnamese independence. Ho Chi Minh embraced communism and the Soviets finally followed his cause. He was known as the most important voice in demanding independence for Vietnam.

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I: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 

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I: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 

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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 allowed many immigrants into the United States. Nearly 17,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere were allowed into the country. Nearly 12,000 immigrants from the Western Hemisphere were welcomed. Immigrants from Latin America, Central America. the Caribbean, and Asia also began to come into the United States. This provided the country with new ideas, talents, and skills. New immigrants settled in New York and on the East and West coasts.

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John F. Kennedy was born May 29, 1917. He was the Democratic candidate in the presidential election of 1960. He was elected to Congress in 1946 and to the Senate in the 1950s. Television played a huge role in the election of 1960. America saw John F. Kennedy as a healthy and confident candidate. People liked his easy charm and quick sense of humor. Kennedy barely won making it the tightest presidential election since 1888.

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Henry Kissinger was born on May 27, 1923. He was born as a Jewish refugee who fled from the Nazi's with his family in 1938. He served as the 56th Secretary of  State. He was also Nixon's leading advisor on national security and international affairs. Nixon and Kissinger also embraced the idea of realpolitik, a German words meaning "real politics."

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John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917. He was the Democratic candidate in the presidential election of 1960. He had been elected to Congress in 1946 and to the Senate in the 1950s. Television played a big role in the election of 1960. People thought of Kennedy as a healthy and confident candidate. He had an easy charm and a quick sense of humor. Kennedy barely won making it the closest presidential election since 1888.

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On March 16, 1968, American troops searched for enemy troops in an area with a strong Vietcong existence. They came upon the village of My Lai. Many American troops had already been injured or killed at this point in the war. Unarmed civilians were being shot at. U.S. soldiers killed between four and five hundred Vietnamese during the attack.

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In 1965 Johnson created the Medical Care for the Aged Program, or Medicare. Medicare provided basic hospital insurance for Americans in the Social Security system who were age 65 and older. Medicaid was also created to provide basic medical services to poor and disabled Americans who were not part of the Social a Security system. The bill was signed at the home of former President Harry Truman, who had called for a national health insurance program almost 20 years earlier.

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Nikita Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894. He was a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. Kennedy blamed Nikita Khrushchev for the Cuban Missle Crisis. On October 22, 1962, Kennedy made a dramatic television address saying that Khrushchev caused a "reckless and proactive threat to world peace." Khrushchev agreed to honor the blockade and remove the missiles. He lost respect and power from this event.

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The Economic Opportunity Act was created in 1964. It created the Job Corps to train young men and women between the ages of 16 and 21 in the work skills they needed to get better and move out of poverty. The act also created VISTA, which sent American volunteers into poverty-deep communities to solve the country's economic, educational, and medical problems. The volunteers served in city schools, Indian reservations, health clinics, and hostpitals.

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The Peace Corps was created in 1916. It sent Americans volunteers around the world to assist developing countries. They provided technical, educational, and health services. They also provided economic development. Kennedy believed that politically strengthening Third World countries would limit the spread of communism.

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A quarantine is a blockade. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, Kennedy announced that he had approved a naval quarantine of Cuba to prevent the Soviets from completing the bases. Kennedy also worked toward a settlement. He said that he would remove U.S. missiles in Turkey and Italy if the Soviets removed their missiles in Cuba.

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Robert Kennedy was a Democratic senator from New York. He announced his candidacy for the presidency in 1968. He believed that the war had divided America and wasted resources. Current President Johnson believed that the war was taking over his presidency, so he announced that he would not run for another term as President. This was a turning point in the war thatcher stopped the fight for victory

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The United States and the Soviet Union were in a "space race." Space Race was the term used to describe the competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to develop technology to successfully land on the moon. Kennedy was determined rovers land a man on the moon by 1970. Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee were burned to death when their capsule exploded and caught on fire. In July of 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first man to step on the moon and complete Kennedy's dream.

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On January 21, 1968, the North Vietnamese Army hit Khe Sanh in South Vietnam. Nine days later, the United States was also attacked. The Tet Offensive was named after the Vietnamese lunar new year. It included 36 provincial capitals and 5 major cities. It also included the U.S. embassy in Saigon.

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U: United States sign NUclear Test Ban Treaty

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U: United States sign NUclear Test Ban Treaty

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The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in 1963. It was a nuclear weapons agreement that banned aboveground nuclear tests. The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union all signed the treaty. Thirty-six other nations also eventually signed the treaty.

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NFL guerrilla fighters were also known as Vietcong. They assassinated government officials and destroyed roads and bridges. Vietcong was supplied by communists in North Vietnam. They also used surprise hit-and-run strategies to weaken South Vietnam.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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After the Vietnam War, Americans' lost trust in their leaders and their beliefs on foreign affairs, so the War Powers Act was passed in 1973. The act restricted the President's war-making powers by requiring him to consult with Congress within 48 hours of committing American forces to a foreign conflict. The act was an attempt government check the formation of American foreign policy. It also stopped the growth of the "imperial presidency."

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Richard Nixon was born on January 9,1913 in California to a very poor family. He served in the navy during World War II. He was then elected to Congress in 1946 and to the Senate in the 1950s. He was also the Republican candidate in the presidential election of 1960, but lost to John F. Kennedy. Nixon was very energetic and supported the Cold War fight against communism. Nixon was a great leader who benifited the American people's lives greatly.

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Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1964. He was a Soviet cosmonaut. In April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit earth. This put the Soviet Union several steps ahead of the American program. Sending Yuri Gagarin into space aslo was the initial start to the "space race" between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Zhou Enlai was a premier leader in China. He played a big role in normalizing relations with Richard Nixon and the United States. In July of 1971, Nixon made an official state visit to China. He had long talks with Zhou Enlai and the Communist party chairman. Nixon's visit was very successful and made an important step towards normalizing relations with China. Zhou Enlai said, "the vastest ocean in the world, twenty-five years of no commmunication.