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Flow of energy in phase changes.
The flow of energy in phase changes is that more energy added to a substance will eventually cause to changes to its next phase in order from solid, to liquid, to gas, to plasma.

Terminology for phase changes.
When a solid turns to liquid it's melting
When a liquid turns to solid it's freezing
When a liquid turns to a gas it's boiling or vaporization
When a gas turns to a liquid it's condensing
When a gas turns into a solid it's decomposition
When a solid turns into a gas it's sublimation.

Gas and vapor
A gas is something that is in a gaseous state at room temperture while vapor is in a mix of two different states.

SOM and phase changes with a diagram
The diagram below is a phase change diagram.

In the green would be the solid the blue is liquid and orange is gas.

The diagram works like a graph and when the pressure and temperture meet on it it's in that state of Matter

If it touchs the triple point the state of Matter is in all three states at the same time but if it reaches the critical point the matter can't be desiphered as liquid or as gas.

When crossing a line the states of Matter is going through a phase change so passing from green to blue is melting and passing through green to orange it's sublimating and so on.

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Heating curve diagram

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Physical change in states of Matter.
Physical change pertains to how an objects state is changed or manipulated rather than having to change its identity. Say water being evaporated into water vapor. That water vapor has only changed in state its identity is still as a water molecule. The only change is that it moves freely rather than being packed in with other molecules.

Solid liquid and gas atoms arrangement diagram

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Other chemical changes
-combustion
-burning
-rusting
-Tarnishing
-decompisition
-digestion
These chemical changes change the atoms positions and convert it to something different such as wood burning into ash.

Identifying chemical change by Lab procedure.
Chemical change occurs when the identity is changed so say something like wood being burnt into ash and smoke we can conclude that adding heat energy to the point of flames will make wood catch fire and make its molecules change into something different I/e ash and smoke.

Gas being burned and being evaporated.
Gasoline being burned is a chemical change. The change occurs in the gas molecules burning and combusting into vast amounts of heat energy and the gasoline matter is lost in smoke. Gas being evaporated however is a physical change of state because the gas isn't reacting to anything to change its identity.

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Recognizing Physical and Chemical changes in matter:
-Physical: Changes what the substance is
-Chemical: Makes a new substance

Physical Examples:
-Paper being cut
-Paper being torn
-Paper being folded
-Changing the color of paper
Chemical Examples:
-Burning
-Rusting
-Acidity

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Physical and Chemical properties:

Physical:
if they depend on the amount of the substance being used or intensive if they do not depend on the amount of substance being used
Chemical:
a substance goes under a chemical reaction, the properties will change drastically, resulting in chemical change

Identify properties as Physical or Chemical change:

breaking glass                                                                 physical
bending metal                                                                  physical
wood burning                                                                   chemical
rusting on the spokes of a bicycle                                chemical
toasting bread                                                                  chemical
dyeing water green                                                           physical

Identify the properties as Intensive or Extensive:

Color                                                                             intensive
Mass                                                                            extensive
Volume                                                                        extensive
Density                                                                         intensive
Combustibility                                                             intensive
Heat Capacity                                                              extensive-

Calculations: Mass, Volume, and Density
Formula to calculate these:
Mass- Volume x Density
Volume- Mass x Density
Density- Mass/Volume
These all involve each other in different ways.

Different states of Matter:
3 common states of matter- Solid, Liquid, and Gas
-Uncommon state of matter- Plasma
Here, this shows what the 3 different forms of matter look like with their molecules
Here, this gives a description on the stages of matter and what they do while changing

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Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass- the measurement of matter in a substance.
Volume- the amount of space that a substance or object occupies.

Below is a concept map of the types of matter. Identify the 7 Diatomic elements:
The following are the diatomic elements: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine
Difference between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixture:
Homogeneous- any mixture that is uniform in composition throughout
Heterogeneous-a combination of two or more pure substances

Define the following: Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids

solution- appears transparent, the solute has very small molecules, smallest of all solutions, light passes completely through. ex: salt water

suspension-  cloudy looking and at least to of the substances are visible, larger molecules than solution and colloid molecules, and can possibly let light pass through. particles will eventually settle out. ex: sand and mud in water

colloid- its cloudy as well, smaller than suspension molecules but bigger than solution molecules, light is dispersed by the colloid particles. ex:
cream, milk, butter, mayonnaise, and jelly