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http://www.nea.gov.sg/weather-climate/forecasts/24-hour-forecast

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Following the reading by A. if meaning is socially constructed in Web 2.0, everything is created through contestation e.g. telegram stickers are used for whatever purpose you wanna use em for

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The creators of the stickers might have had a different intention for the use of the stickers compared to how users use it.
Stickers are linked to emojis but might have different meaning(s) in the image of the sticker as compared to the emoji

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Tele stickers are a quick multimodal way to express emotion. In that way, the picture, the lexical item, and the context merge together to convey the intended meaning. Stickers with similar words may be accompanied with different pictures. A cartoon with "i don't understand" with bb or grumpy cat or the shruggie emoji will convey different nuances, that the sender will choose as appropriate to the situation. This is heteroglossia in a multimodal way

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"Chinese" sticker packs in Telegram used by Malay friends, and though they can't read the words, they interpret them base on the visuals and express themselves --> they are using the sticker packs as a "language" of their own (intended meanings vs. individual meanings) --- a sort of hybridity observed

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Stickers have to be used as they are, but there has to be more change forced on the meaning of the sticker (e.g. conversations entirely in stickers)

But stickers are mostly used as a semiotic resource without much combinatorial potential

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Images are internally persuasive discourse 

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Images are internally persuasive discourse 

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Using pre-made stickers forces you to align your thoughts with the stickers/symbols, so in a way it is still internally persuasive because there's a negotiation of sentiments within yourself to express something. They are still open to interpretation by the reader.

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Where does Bakhtin say that heteroglossia cannot be found in authoritative discourse?

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Where does Bakhtin say that heteroglossia cannot be found in authoritative discourse?

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Rather, authoritative discourse appears to be found in heteroglossia since it is also hegemonic and constitutes prior discourse that was already acknowledged in the past.
Some examples of authoritative discourse include taboos, superstitions, religious dogma, scientific truths like eugenics.

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Perhaps it's not really the case now in this post-modern world where authority is questioned and people in positions of authority would understand this as well. So in a way people have grown to be more open towards previously traditional authoritative discourses. For instance, the schism between science and religion is not that huge anymore. Some Christians have tried to integrate scientific truths and theological doctrines.

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Perhaps it's not really the case now in this post-modern world where authority is questioned and people in positions of authority would understand this as well. So in a way people have grown to be more open towards previously traditional authoritative discourses. For instance, the schism between science and religion is not that huge anymore. Some Christians have tried to integrate scientific truths and theological doctrines.

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Both the teacher's efforts and student's opinions are recognised and reflected in the student's writing. Classroom discussion is open to engagement with other points of view.

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dialogic nature of signs

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Volosinov: the word is a neutral sign
Bakhtin: the word is not neutral due to the way in which it is acquired

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As we're discussing about the reading in the classroom, we're also incorporating other ideas and opinions from other discourses (in a struggle with other internally persuasive discourses)

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Bible is one example.
Heteroglossia because of various authors from different backgrounds. Authoritative because it is interpreted as the word of God (at least to people who subscribe to Christianity).

The law can be another example.
Multitude of voices go into the formation of the statues of the law.

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Similarities: The sign is the site of struggle.

Volosinov says the word is initially neutral but becomes ideological, BUT Bakhtin skips the initial neutral phase and jumps straight into how the word already has meaning!!