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Apartheid was a  system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. This policy governed relations between South Africa's white minority and nonwhite majority and sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination  against nonwhites. This policy was in place from 1948 through 1991.  AP

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In 2007, Mandela, Machel and Desmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders- The Elders- to contribute their wisdom and independent leadership to global problems and to ease human suffering.
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Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world ~Nelson Mandela

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"Prison itself is a tremendous education in the need for patience and preservance. It is above all a test of one's commitment." - Nelson Mandela
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Mandela first attended Primary school in Qunu, where his teacher gave him the name 'Nelson'. It was custom  to give all schoolchildren "Christian" names. Then he went on to Clarkebury Boarding institute where Mandela received his Junior Certificate. His schooling then continued on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated. Then he went on to University College of Fort Hare where he aimed to receive his Bachelor of Arts degree. During this time he joined a protest at his school and was expelled. But Mandela still  completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943.
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In 1993, three years after being released from prison, Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize. A year later he became Africa's first black president and stood for peace in "other spheres of conflict."
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“I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” ~Nelson Mandela

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Nelson Mandela: The 27 prison years - BBC News

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During Nelson Mandela's 27 years behind bars, he became the world's most famous political prisoner.

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He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa. He was a symbol of resistance and he refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom.
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Nelson Mandela was a symbolic leader for ending the apartheid. He played a major part in it, leading as a member of the African National Congress and later Africa's first black president.

Even as a peaceful protester, he was put in jail for almost 3 decades (27 years). He was placed as the face of the moment for his leadership and peaceful protests.
"...In 1952, Mandela and Tambo opened South Africa’s first black law firm, which offered free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation."

After getting out of imprisonment, he worked on changing the government to be multicultural, wanting to show multi-ethnic people in charge.
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In 1962, Mandela was arrested and sentenced to 5 years in prison with hard labour after arguing for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC (African National Government) when it was banned in 1960. In 1963, leaders of the ANC were arrested and put onto trial with Mandela in 1964. On June 12, 1964, Nelson Mandela and eight of the leaders of the ANC were sentenced to life imprisonment for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. From 1964-1982 Mandela was held at Robben Island Prison and was then held at Poolsmoor Prison. Nelson Mandela was released on Feburary 11, 1990.
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"The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."
-Nelson Mandela
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6 PRINCIPLES THAT MADE NELSON A RENOWNED LEADER

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6 PRINCIPLES THAT MADE NELSON A RENOWNED LEADER

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He anticipated, he challenged, he interpreted, he decided, he aligned, and he learned.
Mandela anticipated South Africa's system failure and decided to serve out his sentence while the outside world recoiled against South Africa.
He didn't accept the status quo and he was known as a man of principle and dignity in prison. He challenged the system that denied him liberty.
Mandela studied the errors of Robert Mugabe and recognized that South Africa could follow in Zimbabwe's footsteps. He invited his prison guards to the presidential swearing-in ceremony.
He decided to use sport S as a means of healing, believing. Mandela at first opposed but ultimately decided to support the mostly white athletes.
He understood that rallying the country and bridging diverse interest meant making room for others. He used we, us, and our in his inaugural presidential address to align a deeply divided nation.
Mandela faced big questions after his release and came to learn what decades of socialism had done to the states of the former Soviet Union.
Leadership is not just about motivating people and creating political support for a strategy, but also about maintaining broad support through successive adjustments to the plan.
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~The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Apartheid.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2 Aug. 2017, www.britannica.com/topic/apartheid.

~History.com Staff. “Nelson Mandela.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/nelson-mandela.

~Mafika. “Nelson Mandela: Leader among Leaders.” Brand South Africa, 26 May 2017, www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/mandela/nelson-mandela-leader-among-leaders.

~ “Nelson Mandela - Biographical.” Nobelprize.org, www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html.

~"Nelson Mandela: The 27 Prison Years.” BBC News, BBC, www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-20737342/nelson-mandela-the-27-prison-years.
~“Nelson Mandela's Life and Times.” BBC News, BBC, 8 June 2013, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12305154.

~“News and Articles About Conscious Living on Planet Earth.” Conscious Life News, www.consciouslifenews.com/.

~ Schoemaker, Paul J.H., and Steven Krupp. “6 Principles That Made Nelson Mandela a Renowned Leader.” Fortune.com, Fortune, 20 Jan. 2015, fortune.com/2014/12/05/6-principles-that-made-nelson-mandela-a-renowned-leader/.

~www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography.

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Mandela was born July 18, 1918 in Mvezo, Transkei. His parents were  Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela. However at the age of 12, Mandela lost his father.
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1918-2013