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Boris Volynov's return to Earth was a scary one. He was the lone cosmonaut aboard Soyuz 5, which successfully docked with Soyuz 4 earlier. The service module of Soyuz 5 failed to separate and the command module's thinnest end started taking the heat of re-entry. The capsule then started to burn and the force of re-entry broke the service module off of the command module. The force of this eject made the command module of Soyuz 5 flip around and the proper side, the one covered in heat resistant tiles, started taking the agonizing heat of re-entry. The lines of the parachute were tangled by the re-entry but helped slow the spacecraft down. The force of the impact tore him from his seat, threw him across the cabin, and knocked out several of his top front teeth. The cold seeped into the capsule as the outside was -38 degrees Celsius. He had landed just before noon, and the weather was clear. Only a few kilometers away, he found the hut of peasants who took him in and kept him warm until searchers, following his footprints and the bloody spots where he had spit in the snow, found him.

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Valentin Bonderenko was a cosmonaut in training when he died at 24 years of age when he was being let out of the Vostok test chamber after enduring a 10 day trial. The cosmonaut accidentally threw an alcohol soaked cotton ball onto an electric hotplate. This quickly ignited the small test room. A severely burnt Bonderenko was transported to a Moscow where he died of his burns later on. His death was a reminder to people that even in training, astronauts must be careful and even the unexpected can happen in an instant. Even so however, this disaster was still called: the fire that may have saved Apollo 1

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On July 2nd 2013 a Russian Proton-M rocket launched from Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The rocket started to tilt a few seconds into flight and after trying to correct itself, overcompensated and begun flying sideways before crashing. The gyroscopic engine nozzle accounted for the problem when it's gyroscope tilted over to balance the rocket too rapidly and on a very steep angle. The rocket was carrying 3 Glonass satellites, all of which were destroyed. The rocket also released some harmful chemicals which could have been a threat to the city of Baikonour but it was raining and the condensation probably stopped the clouds from forming that far.

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ALMATY, Kazakhstan (Reuters) - A Russian rocket carrying three navigation satellites worth around $200 million crashed shortly after lift-off from the Russian-leased Baikonur launch facility in Kazakhstan on Tuesday after its engines suddenly switched off.

The accident led to a large spill of heptyl, a highly toxic rocket propellant, but there were no reports of casualties or of any immediate threat to nearby settlements.

State-run Rossiya-24 television showed footage of the Proton-M booster rocket veering off course seconds after take-off. It flew horizontally and began to come apart in flames, crashing in a ball of fire near the launch pad.

Russian Prime Minster Dmitry Medvedev, who has said that Russia has lost 10 satellites in seven failed launches in just over one year, ordered tighter controls put in place to avoid more embarrassing mishaps, his spokeswoman told Interfax.

The crash, which echoes the costly loss of three navigation satellites in 2010, will further damage the reputation of Russia's once-pioneering space program, cause delays in launches and threaten its hold on some 40 percent of the market for space launches.

Russia's space agency Roscosmos said the accident had been caused by the emergency switch-off of the rocket's engines 17 seconds into the flight. The shutdown could have been caused by a problem with the engine or the guidance system, the state-run RIA news agency reported.

The rocket contained 172 tonnes (1 tonne=1.102 tons) of highly toxic heptyl propellant, Kazakh Emergencies Minister Vladimir Bozhko told an emergency government meeting.

Talgat Musabayev, head of Kazakhstan's space agency Kazcosmos, said nitric oxide - a product of burning heptyl - was much less toxic for humans. He said it was raining in the area, so toxic clouds would probably not reach the town of Baikonur some 60 km (38 miles) away.

However, the authorities instructed locals to stay at home and not to open windows, and ordered to close shops and public catering, said Kazakh Interior Minister Kalmukhambet Kasymov.

The estimated loss from the three satellites, meant for the trouble Glonass satellite navigation system, was about $200 million, Rossiya-24 reported.

Russia plans to spend more than 300 billion roubles ($9.1 billion) by 2020 on Glonass, its answer to the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS) system.

The system, first conceived by the Soviet Union more than 40 years ago, has been plagued by failed launches, including one in 2010 in which three satellites were also lost, and by suspicions of corruption and embezzlement. Its chief designer was dismissed last year during a fraud investigation.

Russia's workhorse Proton rocket, known at the time under its UR-500 code, made its first test flights in the mid-1960s.

It was originally designed as an intercontinental ballistic missile to carry a nuclear warhead targeting the Soviet Union's Cold War foe the United States. But it was never deployed as a nuclear weapon.

Several crashes of Proton rockets accompanied by spills of heptyl have led to temporary strains in relations between Russia and Kazakhstan.

Russia is increasing spending on space and plans to send a probe to the moon in 2015, but the pioneering program that put the first man in space in 1961 has been plagued in recent years by setbacks, including botched satellite launches and a failed attempt to send a probe to a moon of Mars. ($1 = 32.9557 Russian roubles)

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Russia loses $200 million satellites as launch ends in flames

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ALMATY, Kazakhstan (Reuters) - A Russian rocket carrying three navigation satellites worth around $200 million crashed shortly after lift-off from the Russian-leased Baikonur launch facility in Kazakhstan on Tuesday after its engines suddenly switched off. The accident led to a large spill of heptyl, a highly toxic rocket propellant, but there were no reports of casualties or of any immediate threat to nearby settlements.

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The crew of Soyuz 11 had an unsuccessful return when a leak in the command module of the Soyuz capsule. The three crew, whom did not know and were not informed that there was a problem, perished when one of the rivet holes leaked oxygen. The communications were cut from the mission control during re-entry so no one knew that the cosmonauts were dead until the ground crew reached the capsule for recovery. Attempts were made to revive the crew, but they  were dead within 150 km so there was no chance for the crew to survive.