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The ordinary world of Odysseus is his home, Ithaca, "a rocky isle, but good for a boy's training. I shall not see on earth a place more dear," (Homer lines 27-28). He is married to Penelope and his son is Telemachus.

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Odysseus' call to adventure is his participation in the Trojan War and when he and his men, "plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy," (Homer lines 4-5). Originally, Odysseus denies fighting in the Trojan War, but Athena convinces him to go and help defeat the Trojans.

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Odysseus has three mentors. His main mentor is Athena. Athena aids him in escaping Polyphemus, helps him defeat the suitors, arranges for Odysseus to find Telemachus, and, "disguises Odysseus as a beggar," (Homer page 596).

Another one of Odysseus' mentors is Circe. Circe tells Odysseus how to evade the Sirens and to, "consult the blind prophet Tiresias," (Homer pagw 576).

The last of Odysseus' mentors is Tiresias, the blind prophet. Odysseus made it into the land of the dead, found Tiresias, "then spoke the prince of those with gift of speech," about Odysseus' destiny (Homer lines 630-631).

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Odysseus crosses the threshold when he meets Tiresias in Hades and hears about his destiny. When confronting Tiresias, the prophet tells him that there will be, "destruction for ship and crew. Though you survive alone…under strange sail shall you come home, to find your house filled with trouble," (Homer lines 645-649). The Greek value of death is violated by Odysseus in this episode when he finds Elpenor, a crew mate left unburied after dying on Circe's island, who tells Odysseus, "Fire my corpse, and all the gear I had, and build a cairn for be above the breakers," (Homer lines 604-605).

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Odysseus' first test is the battle of Cicones. Ten years after the Trojan War, Odysseus and his men are blown onto the shore of Cicones, where they, "stormed that place and killed the men who fought," and stole as much as they could (Homer line 43). During this test, the Greek value of death is upheld after many men die in the battle of Cicones and, "some shipmate had raised a cry, three times, for each poor ghost unfleshed by the Cicones on that field," (Homer lines 67-69)

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The second test Odysseus passes is on the land of the Lotus-Eaters. While on the land of the Lotus-Eaters, three of Odysseus' men ate the lotuses, and Odysseus, "drove them, all three wailing, to the ships, tied them down under their rowing benches, and called the rest," (Homer lines 101-103).

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After Odysseus escapes the land of the Lotus-Eaters, he encounters his third test in the land of the Cyclopes, where Polyphemus, a cyclopes and the son of Posiden, traps him and his men in his cave. During this test, Odysseus is aided by Athena when, "The rams…entered the cave: by some sheepherding whim–or a god's bidding–non were left outside," providing a way for Odysseus and his men to escape undetected (Homer lines 286-288). In this test, the Greek value of hospitality was violated by Polyphemus when he tells his visitors, "We Cyclopes care not a whistle for your thundering Zeus or all the gods in bliss," after Odysseus warns him that Zeus will avenge the unoffending guest (Homer lines 219-221).

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Odysseus' fourth test comes when he arrives on the island of Aeolia, the home of Aeolus, king of the winds. While on the island, Aeolus, "sends Odysseus on his way with a gift: a sack containing all the winds except for the favorable west wind," (Homer 576). Aeolus tells Odysseus and his crew not to open the sack, but right before they make it back to Ithaca, Odysseus' crew opens the sack blowing them all back to Aeolia.

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After leaving the island of Aeolia, Odysseus arrives at his fifth test, the Laestrygonians, "a race of cannibals," that attack Odysseus and his crew (Homer 576). The Greek value is violated in this episode when they, "destroy all of Odysseus' ships except the one he's sailing on," (Homer 576).

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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The sixth test Odysseus is challenged with is defeating Circe. After escaping the Laestrygonians, Odysseus and his crew make it to Aeaea where Circe, "transforms half of the men into swine," (Homer 576). Odysseus fortunately isn't transformed and demands his men be returned to human form. Before he leaves Aeaea, Circe tells Odysseus that he must go to Hades to consult the blind prophet Tiresias.

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After leaving Hades, Odysseus and his men must get passed the Sirens, a group of creatures that lure sailors to their own destruction, in his seventh test. Circe tells Odysseus that he should be the only one to listen to the Sirens' song, so he tells his men to, "Tie me up, tight as a splint," (Homer line 695).

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Odysseus' eight test is passing the sea monsters Scylla, a six-headed sea serpent, and Charybdis, a large creature who creates a whirlpool at the surface of the ocean. To pass the sea monsters with as much crew as possible, Odysseus, "sent them on toward Scylla," (Homer line 783). Through this decision, Odysseus lost only six men instead of losing his whole ship and everyone on it to Charybdis. In this test, the Greek value of bravery is upheld when Odysseus leads his men through Scylla and Charybdis, and, "told them nothing," to keep them feeling courageous (Homer line 784). If he had shown fear, "they would've dropped their oars again, in panic, to roll for cover under the decking," (Homer lines 785-786).

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The final test comes for Odysseus when he is the last of his men to survive and he's being held captive by Calypso. After Odysseus arrives on Ogygia Isle, where, "the dangerous nymph Calypso lives and sings," (Homer lines 991-992). After seven years of being held captive, Odysseus is freed by the gods.

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Odysseus has three main allies in the Odyssey. One of his allies is the Phaeacians who, after Odysseus tells them the story of his journey, have their, "noblemen conduct him home by ship," (Homer page 595)

Another one of Odysseus' allies is his son, Telemachus. When Odysseus is fighting the suitors, Amphinomus gets a good opportunity to kill him, but was stopped by, "a spear throw from behind," from Telemachus (Homer line 1497).

Odysseus' third ally is Eumaeus. During the battle of the suitors, "Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsmen kill all the suitors," (Homer 612)

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Odysseus' main enemy in the Odyssey is the suitors that break into his home to steal his wife and kill his son. While taking back his home, he tells the suitors, "There will be killing till the score is paid. You forced yourself upon this house. Fight your way out, or run it, if you think you'll escape death. I doubt one man of you skins by," (Homer lines 1468-1471)

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The ordeal in the Odyssey happens in the episode The Cattle of the Sun God where Odysseus' crew kill and eat Helios' cows. After all the cows were dead, Helios demanded for Odysseus' crew to be punished, so Zeus, "let fly a bolt against the ship," killing all of Odysseus' men (Homer lines 948-949).

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The supreme ordeal is when Odysseus gets revenge on the suitors for invading his home and kills them all. During the fight, one of the suitors, Eurymachus, says, "Fight, I say, let's remember the joy of it. Swords out!" in response to Odysseus choosing to kill them instead of taking his peace offering (Homer lines 1477-1478)

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The journey home is when Odysseus reveals himself not to be a beggar, but instead the thought-to-be-dead king of Ithaca. He tells the suitors his true identity after shooting Antinous, saying, "You yellow dogs, you thought I'd never make it home from the land of Troy," (Homer lines 1439-1440)

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Odysseus' reward is when he is reunited with his family and returns to being the king of Ithaca. After the suitors are defeated, "Odysseus is reunited with his father. Athena commands that peace prevail between Odysseus and the relatives of the slain suitors. Odysseus has regained his family and his kingdom," (Homer 616)

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Odysseus is an epic hero because of his heroic traits and actions in the Odyssey. His strongest heroic trait is his intelligence. One case where is intelligence is shown is when he realizes that, "if (he) killed him, (they) would perish there as well," (Homer lines 248-249). Another instance where his intelligence is demonstrated is when he plans his attack on the suitors. To have the best chance at defeating the suitors, he has his son, "round up all armor, lances, gear of war leaft in (their), and stow the lot away," (Homer 1136-1137). Another one of Odysseus' heroic traits is his leadership skills. During their encounter with Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus asks his crew, "Friends, have we never been in danger before this?" and convinces each and every one of them that they will make it past the sea beasts. Odysseus' final heroic trait is his courage. One example of his courage comes from his passing of Scylla and Charybdis when he and his crew had to keep rowing to survive, where if they weren't courageous they would've, "dropped their oars again, in panic, to roll for cover under the decking," (Homer lines 785-786).