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What would be the STRATEGIES to stop FOSSILIZATION?

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1. When in the classroom, the teachers must correct the words that are mistakes, and continue to practice to speak the correct form and write it as the word of the day so the students can copy down as notes on their books.

2. Making a role play where it is entirely produce by the students, when the fossilization occur, the teacher can nightlight it and this can be subtle and doesn't discomfort the students in classroom when the mistakes been made.

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STRATEGIES TO STOP FOSSILIZATION :

1. Use pair or groupwork as activity
- This will encourage peer corrections because some students are afraid to ask the teacher for correction.

2. Respond to students’ mistakes with correct attitude
- Meaning, blame them less and encourage them more as mistakes is not the sign of failure but instead a process to be better.

3. Giving balance timely feedback
- Positive emotional feedback encourages and stimulates students to continue to learn while the negative cognitive feedback tells learners to make some changes and modifications.

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- Start by learning to pay attention to the errors.  Then, as soon as you spot an error or a mistake, correct it instantly. If someone points out a mistake you've made, ask them how can you correct it.

- Apply what you've learned into practice as much as possible. It's possible that you won't understand it right away. It's possible that you'll make the error numerous times. Don't let your mistakes prevent you from communicating in your target language.

- After students have completed a learning activity, teachers should provide timely feedback. It will motivate and urge students to continue learning, and the students can make improvements and adjustments.

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1. Students work in pair, each student has to answer an essay question. Then, exchange their answers with the partner, list down the errors that their partner made.

2. Give two sentences of correct and incorrect ones, ask the students to compare. Then, teacher states the errors and correction.

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1. always train the students to write words in English without any short form.

2. The teacher should explain more clearly what fossilization errors the student is committing and how to correct them.

3. if students make fossilization mistakes while speaking, the teacher should correct and ask students to write down what mistakes they made

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The first strategy for stopping fossilizations; the teacher pretend that she or he does not understand what the students are saying when they make a fossilised error. Request them to explain it again using the proper wording or structure.

Handle one error at a time to avoid burdening the students. We can proceed only after the first, and most serious, error has been completely eliminated and corrected.

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1. Teacher have to point out the errors that he/she noticed student make repeatedly and ask them to make a journal about the repetitive errors.
2. When students make a fossilized errors, pretend to not understand what are they saying and ask them to correct their mistakes into the correct word or structure.
3. Also, have students analyze why they are making mistakes and made them realizes on their own with the teacher guidance.
4. The teacher asks them to record their own speech and ask them to listen and analyze their errors in their own words with the help of the teacher.

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1) Encourage students to peer edit. Put students into pairs. Give one student in each pair a set of open-ended questions to ask their partner. As the interviewee answers each question, have the interviewer jot down errors. Before the next question is asked, have the interviewer share what he or she noticed.

2) Point out errors that you have noticed students make repeatedly. Then ask them to keep a journal of instances when they notice themselves making those errors that you have identified.

3) Feign incomprehension. When students make a fossilized error, pretend that you don’t understand what they are saying. Ask them to rephrase it using the correct word or structure.

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Listen to materials to get used to actual pronunciation. Would be better if you can converse or have daily interaction to practice your fluency and accuracy

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NUR AIZATUL NISHA BINTI MOHD SHARIFFUDIN

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NUR AIZATUL NISHA BINTI MOHD SHARIFFUDIN

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Strategies to stop fossilization:

1. Teachers may conduct oral drill activities in the classroom, in which students are required to repeat certain structures out loud.

2. Teachers may record students' speech in which fossilization errors are involved. Then, they should ask students to listen to the recording and detect the errors that they had committed in it. Once the students managed to detect their fossilization errors through the recording, the errors will be discussed together with the teacher.

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Strategies on how to stop fossilization. 

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Strategies on how to stop fossilization. 

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1. Giving strategic feedback.
- There are three types of feedback include positive, neutral, and negative. Teachers must know how to balance the feedback evenly to avoid too much positive or neutral or even negative.
2. Motivating the students.
- Learning a second or foreign language might be hard for some students. There are few reasons that students unmotivated such as lack of resources, support, and confidence. Therefore, the school should hold the responsibility to equipped the needs of the students in their classroom. Then, the teachers could play their roles to carry out the equipment into meaningful lessons as well as to motivate the students.
3. Balancing between oral and written activity.
- Teachers in Malaysia tend to be pressured to make sure the students to be more accurate rather than fluent. Therefore, there are more written assignments than oral activity made in the classroom. To avoid fossilization, teacher also must pay attention to the oral output of the students. It is like a double checking. Corrected errors during oral output feedback would unlikely to be happen again in writing and vice versa.

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1. The teacher can create an activity where the students can learn about the target language more for instance by doing a short literature drama in English.

2. Teacher can also do an activity where the students need to use their speaking skills in the target language. For example, by doing a debate competition between them or classes. This can help the students to improve the accuracy in the target language and the fluency as well.

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1) Keep on practicing. If you often practice, eventually you'll get it right.
2) Make correction immediately whenever you make a mistake. Ask around to help you correct your mistakes if you are not sure.

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1. Always being aware. Learners can start of being aware with their mistakes and try to find a solution to it. Since fossilization happens in a second language situation, what learners can do is that they can observe on a how a native speaker communicate in that language so that they could acquire the skill and use that in their learning.
2. Do some correction. If you encounter a correction, immediately fix the errors. If someone points out an error, fix that too. If you do not know how to, ask. That is the process of learning.
3. Always practice. Learning and improving something is not a 1 day process, it could take up weeks or maybe years. So, what learners need to do is always practice and hope that practice could improve them in the future.

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1. The teacher should have the right attitude to students’ errors and mistakes. For example, instead of the teacher always blames them, the teacher should encourage them more. This will help to change their mentality of being afraid to make mistakes.

2. Teacher also should know when to give feedback. The teacher should encourage and advise the students to continue to learn while also telling them to make some correction and keep on improving by doing some practice.

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1. Practice correct use of English in writing and also speaking because learners tend to apply the verbal 'slang' into their writings. For example the slang of 'ain't' and 'Imma'.

2. Correct the learners when it is necessary by addressing why they should not use fossilization in their communication on daily basis or write ups. Learners sometimes are not aware that the fossilization that they made is actually an error due to unconsciousness and the way that they are used to using it.

3. Avoid practicing the target language by watching movies or listening to songs as there are many fossilization in those medias. Practice learning the language by reading written form of medias such as books and newspaper.

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Strategies to stop fossilization:
1.Focus on the accuracy instead of fluency in learning the target language.
2. Pay attention to the errors and immediately correct the errors.