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Odysseus' ordinary world is his home on Ithaca with his wife and son. "Laertes' son, whose home's on Ithaca" (Homer line 460).

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Odysseus did not want to fight in the war, but was convinced by Athena to go to Troy. "...while he fought only to save his life, to bring his shipmates home" (Homer lines 8-9).

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Athena is by Odysseus' side in battles and lends him her wisdom when needed. Circe tells Odysseus of challenges he will have to face. Tiresias advises Odysseus of what to do and not to do if he wants to return home. "Pallas Athena and Zeus All-Provident will see you through, bemusing our young friends" (Homer lines 1152-1154).

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Odysseus crosses the threshold when he enters the Land of the Dead to summon the prophet Tiresias. He learns of the challenges to come to him and cannot turn back at this point. "Great captain, a fair wind and the honey lights of home are all you seek. But anguish lies ahead" (Homer lines 632-633).

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In this episode, Odysseus starts telling about his adventures, the first being the battle with the Cicones. He also talks of his time spent with Calypso, who didn't let him leave her domain. "...though I have been detained long by Calypso, loveliest among goddesses" (Homer lines 29-30). A Greek value violated here is hospitality, as it's not very hospitable to imprison someone.

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In this episode, Odysseus and his men arrive at the island of the Lotus eaters, who try to keep them there with the Lotus. Zeus is involved in this episode, as he stirs up the storm that brought them there. "Now Zeus the lord of cloud roused in the north a storm against the ships" (Homer lines 70-71). A Greek value upheld here is wisdom, as Odysseus thinks to tie down the men who ate the lotus so that they cannot stay on the island.

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Odysseus and his men get stuck in the Cyclops' cave. One of the Greek gods involved is Poseidon, Polyphemus' father, who Polyphemus prays to when Odysseus crosses him. "...for he by his avowal fathered me, and, if he will, he may heal me of this black wound" (Homer lines 474-476). A Greek value violated in this episode is hospitality, because Polyphemus traps Odysseus and eats his men.

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Odysseus gets the gift of the bag of winds from Aeolus, and opens the bag when he is almost home, sending him back to Aeolia. "Aeolus casts them out, deciding they are detested by the gods" (Homer, no line).

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Odysseus and his men come upon a community of giant cannibals, who destroy his ships. "These creatures destroy all of Odysseus' ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer, no line). They violate the Greek value of hospitality.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Odysseus comes upon the sorcerer Circe, who turns half of his men into pigs. He demands she change them back, and then they become allies of sorts. "Odysseus demands that Circe change his men back into human form" (Homer, no line).

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Odysseus learns of the Sirens, who try to lure sailors to their death with their song. Odysseus alone listens to their song while tied up. "The lovely voices in ardor appealing over the water made me crave to listen" (Homer lines 745-746). A Greek value demonstrated in this episode is wisdom, as Odysseus thinks of putting wax on his shipmates ears so that he is the only one who hears the song. No god is really a part of this story, although Helios is mentioned.

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Odysseus must pass Scylla, the sea monster, and Charybdis, a giant whirlpool. "Then Scylla made her strike, whisking six of my best men from the ship" (Homer lines 809-810). The Greek value upheld here is wisdom, as Odysseus has the wisdom to keep his men calm and get through the trouble.

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Odysseus is trapped with Calypso for quite a long time. "Though I have been detained long by Calypso, loveliest among goddesses" (Homer lines 29-30). Although not mentioned in the textbook, Hermes is involved when he bring Calypso a message to release Odysseus.

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The Phaeacians take Odysseus home to Ithaca after 20 years have passed. "The next day, young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship." (Homer, no line).

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Telemachus, Odysseus' son, helps him defeat the suitors who have taken his home and wife. "...when the test comes- our nerve against the suitors' in my hall" (Homer lines 1118-1119).

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Eumaeus, Odysseus' swineherd and friend, helps Odysseus take back his palace and his wife. "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsmen kill all the suitors" (Homer, no line).

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The suitors lived in Odysseus' home and are trying to marry his wife, against her will. "Numerous suitors, believing Odysseus to be dead, have been continually seeking the hand of his wife, Penelope, in marriage, while overrunning Odysseus’ palace and enjoying themselves at Penelope’s expense" (Homer, no line).

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The ordeal is in the story Cattle of the Sun God. Odysseus' men slaughter Helios' cattle, angering the god and consequently getting everyone except Odysseus killed when Zeus brings a storm upon them. "...punish Odysseus; men! So overweening, now they have killed my peaceful kine" (Homer lines 908-909). A Greek value violated here was humility, as the sailors thought they were better than the gods to slay their cattle even after advised against it. Come, we'll cut out the noblest of these cattle for sacrifice to the gods who own the sky" (Homer lines 868-869).

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Odysseus' Revenge against the suitors is the supreme ordeal. The god involved is Athena, as she aids Odysseus in his battle with protection. "Aided by Athena, Odysseus ... killed all the suitors" (Homer, no line). In a way, the Greek value of honor is upheld here, because of Odysseus taking back his home and his wife. "In blood and dust he saw that crowd all fallen, many and many slain" (Homer lines 1533-1534).

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Odysseus retells his journey prior to king Alcinous, who then aids him in passage back to Ithaca. In a way, Odysseus isn't truly all the way home until he reveals himself to the suitors and takes his palace back, since he could not reveal himself prior. "Odysseus has finished telling his story to the Phaeacians. The next day, young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship" (Homer, no line).

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Odysseus' reward is his home, his wife, and his son. He is with his family again in Ithaca, which is all he has wanted for so long. "With eyes brimming tears she ran to him, throwing her arms around his neck" (Homer lines 1585-1596).

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Odysseus is considered an epic hero because of all the challenges he overcomes. He shows great wisdom, courage, and leadership all throughout the epic poem. One example of wisdom is when Odysseus tells the cyclops that his name is Nohbdy so that he cannot be identified. "My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy" (Homer lines 315-316). Another example of wisdom from the same episode is when Odysseus ties his men under the sheep to escape. "...then slung a man under each middle one to ride their safely, sheilded left and right" (Homer lines 380-381). An example of his courage is when he goes to battle against the Trojans despite not wanting to. "...after he plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy" (Homer lines 4-5). Odysseus displays leadership when he rallies his son to fight the suitors with him by assuring him of their victory. "I'll tell you now. Suppose Athena's arm is over us, and Zeus her father's, must I rack my brains for more?" (Homer lines 1109-1111)