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A.) Definition - The act of free choice without external compulsion and the acts by the people of their own free will. Self-determination is an idea that includes people choosing and setting their own goals, being involved in making life decisions, self-advocating, and working to reach their goals. Although people often say it, self-determination is really not about control. It is about taking action in your life to get the things you want and need

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If you are interested in learning about ways to increase student motivation, you are not alone. There are a variety of theoretical perspectives that aim to explain motivation, but understanding self-determination theory (SDT) has the potential to transform the way you think about teaching, student motivation, and course preparation. SDT has been effectively applied in educational settings with positive outcomes (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009). The core tenets of self-determination theory emphasize a relationship between three "basic needs" (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) and intrinsic (e.g. reading for fun) and extrinsic (e.g. reading to earn a grade) motivators (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Implementation of this framework can ensure conditions that foster motivation-setting the tone for the way teaching can be approached, and allowing the instructor to model the way students can approach their own learning. Such skills can easily surpass the classroom; potentially aiding your students throughout their lives. Below are strategies that will help you incorporate this theory into your teaching:

1. Support Autonomy. Performance increases when people believe they are engaging in self-governed behaviors. Give students choices: provide students with multiple ways to complete an assignment or solve a problem and allow them to select their preferred method of doing so. Establish a deadline system that is standardized for the course, but flexible in the sense that students are able to have some choice regarding when they create and submit their work (e.g. all assignments are accessible and available to submit at the start of the term). When appropriate, poll students to determine topical preferences the next lecture (e.g. students select one from two themes that meet the same learning objectives for the course). Create parameters that allow students to set their own learning goals.

2. Encourage Relatedness. Relatedness coincides with feeling connected to others and/or a sense of belonging. Make it a goal to learn your students' names. Facilitate collaborative, active learning assignments that are part of the overall grading system, but considered low-risk for failure may build students' confidence and sense of community (e.g. pairing students to solve a problem or develop responses to questions related to lecture). Send a student a personal email when he/she improves on an exam or on a writing assignment and ask them what strategies they used to improve. Ask students to share how they personally relate to the topics you are teaching. Tell students you value their feedback and ask them for feedback. Help them see the value of your discipline by making the material meaningful. Connect with your colleagues (and meet your own need for relatedness) and ask them how they enhance the competence, relatedness, and autonomy needs of their students. It is extremely productive to engage with colleagues in positive dialogue about how to encourage motivation.

3. Cultivate Competence. Competence refers to feeling effective in the context of one's social environment. Those who we feel competent, are more willing to take on challenges. Thus, educators could provide students with video resources and/or handouts that cover evidence-based study strategies tailored to the course, note-taking and reading strategies, and goal setting skills. Post the resources to your institution's course management system and your students will have access to them for the duration of the semester. Try standardizing the materials you provide to students. When faculty make it difficult for students to access and utilize basic information (i.e. course requirements, required assignments, etc.), students suffer. Encountering environments that are unreasonably challenging to work within due to a subpar system for organization of materials creates barriers to motivation. Further simplification can be established by using color coding of course documents (e.g. the syllabus and calendar of assignments are supplied on a fluorescent paper) and standard texts within documents (e.g. bolded text for assignments due, underlined text for tests, etc.) for ease of identification.

As you begin to think about your courses and your students' needs within this framework, you may notice that it is possible to address multiple needs through a single strategy/activity. How will you apply this theory to your teaching practice?

References

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Pelletier, L. G., Ryan, R. M. (2009) Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2) ,133-144
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25 ,54-67

Additional resources

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY, US: University of Rochester Press.
https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/

Submitted by:

Amanda M. Vanner
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology
Community College of Rhode Island

This work is licensed under an
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License.

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Self-Determination Theory, Motivation, and Your Classroom

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If you are interested in learning about ways to increase student motivation, you are not alone. There are a variety of theoretical perspectives that aim to explain motivation, but understanding self-determination theory (SDT) has the potential to transform the way you think about teaching, student motivation, and course preparation.

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1. Choice and Decision Making - Choice connects to the place of desired intention, values and beliefs. Decision connects to the place of behavior, performance and consequences.
2. Problem Solving - Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
3. Goal Setting - Goal setting is a powerful process for thinking about ideal future, and for motivating yourself to turn a vision of this future into reality.
4. Attainment Skills - The effort put into something and the pay-off when the work is over.

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) supports greater self-determination on the part of students with disabilities by mandating their involvement in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process. One means of fostering self-determination is to encourage students to lead their IEP meetings whenever possible. This makes the program their own, and increases the likelihood that it will be carried out.

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1. Background

2. Evolution of the concept of self-determination

3. Types of self-determination

4. Comparative international practice

5. Other considerations: minorities-within-minorities

6. Conclusion

References and further reading

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This Constitution Brief introduces the concept of self-determination and its evolution over time, and provides a survey of different approaches to self-determination from comparative constitutional practice. The MyConstitution project works towards a home-grown and well-informed constitutional culture as an integral part of democratic transition and sustainable peace in

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1. Grade: 6-8th
2. Know Yourself: Dream, Strengths and weaknesses, Know the Options, Decide The Importance
3. Value Yourself: Recognize and respect rights and responsibilities. Taking care of yourself by prioritizing what's important
4. Plan: Goal setting, plan actions to meet goals, anticipate results, creativity, visually rehearse
5. Act: Take risks, communication, access resources, value support, negotiate, deal with conflict and criticism, be persistent
6. Experience Outcomes and Learn: Compare and contrast, compare performance to expected performance, recognize success, value success, make adjustments.

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Teach and support students to lead and be active participants in their IEP meetings using these three strands: Choose your goal, express your goal, and take action. First begin by allowing students to choose a goal based on their interest, skills/limitations, or personal goals. Once students feel confident choosing goals, the next step is to provide guidance in expressing this goal. Lastly, create a plan with them as to how they will take action, evaluate themselves, and any adjustments they may need to make in order to achieve their goal.

https://transitioncoalition.org/module-4/self-directed-iep/

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CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.6.1

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 6 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Students must learn to share their ideas with others and work in groups. This is a great way for them to attain self-determination through participation, critical thinking, and confidence-building.

In the lesson plan below students will read the text and demonstrate comprehension of a short story, with a special focus on making inferences about its theme. Students can work in groups and share thoughts amongst one another.

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The second short story students read as part of this unit is " The Stone" by Lloyd Alexander, which is found in Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes: Copper Level (Prentice Hall, 1999). In it Maibon, a farmer, passes an elderly man on the road and starts thinking about the physical problems of old age. Later he frees a dwarf from a predicament and asks that he be granted a wish. He asks for a stone that will stop him from growing old even though the dwarf tries to persuade him to ask for a more useful reward. Not only does the stone keep Maibon from changing, everything around him also stays the same: his crops don't grow, his cow doesn't have a calf, and his baby's teeth don't come in. He tries to get rid of the stone but it keeps coming back until Maibon finally meets up with the dwarf again and demands that he take back. The dwarf explains that Maibon's problem is that he doesn't really want to get rid of it. Once he stops hoping that he will never grown old, he is able to throw the stone away.

Some points to consider when reading this story appear here:

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The second short story students read as part of this unit is " The Stone" by Lloyd Alexander, which is found in Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes: Copper Level (Prentice Hall, 1999). In it Maibon, a farmer, passes an elderly man on the road and starts thinking about the physical problems of old age.

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Students will use the Epic! application to read the story in the lesson above. This Assistive Technology reads out loud to students, provides a reading comprehension test, and provides definitions for spelling words from the text. Epic! is used school-wide and district-wide.

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Families, start reading! Educators, get it free

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online access fun thousands children great kids ebooks books

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Instantly access over 40,000 of the best books & videos for kids on Epic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Families, start reading! Educators, get it free MORE FEATURES AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Personalize their daily reading. Daily age- and level-appropriate recommendations customized to their interests. Track progress. See what books your kid likes, time spent reading and more. Get content that grows with them. Quality books they'll love at every step of their reading journey.

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The TPP Team consists of employees at the school site, the Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), and the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) all working together to help the TPP Student/Client successfully transition into life after high school.
At the school sites, the Employment Specialists work in conjunction with administrators, teachers, counselors, office staff, TPP facilitators, and  TPP transition assistants to help provide job-searching related instruction to the TPP student/client.
Students in the OUSD may obtain a Work Permit Update, participate in sports teams, join AVID, ROTC, The Community Law Enforcement Academy, and sign STEMpacts making a commitment to secondary education.

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The Transition Partnership Program (TPP) helps selected high school seniors transition between school and work using a team approach.

The Transition Partnership Program (TPP) Team Approach

The TPP Team consists of employees at the school site, the Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), and the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) all working together to help the TPP Student/Client successfully transition into life after high school.

Based out of the Oxnard Union High School District Office, the TPP Employment Specialists are the liason between each school site and the Department of Rehabilitation.

At the school sites, the Employment Specialists work in conjunction with administrators, teachers, counselors, office staff, TPP facilitators, and TPP transition assistants to help provide job-searching related instruction to the TPP student/client.

Once a TPP student has graduated, the Employment Specialist continues to work with the TPP student/client helping him or her achieve the goal of becoming successfully employed in an entry-level position for 90 days.

Working closely with the Department of Rehabilitation (whose team members include the director, counselors, and assistants), the Oxnard Union High School District introduces approximately 55 new student clients to the TPP program each school year. The Department of Rehabilitation also helps by providing the necessary funding for the TPP student/clients to receive assistance with items such as interview clothing, job transportation assistance, and work clothing.

By using a team approach, the TPP student/client receives the training and support necessary to become employed and to successfully transition into life after high school.

To learn more about the TPP Program, please watch our TPP Video or view our TPP Prezi Presentation. You may also download a copy of our TPP Brochure in English or Spanish. English TPP Brochure - Spanish TPP Brochure

If you are a business manager or owner, we are interested in your opinion. Please share five minutes of your time answering our TPP Business Survey at https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/6699RWH. Your participation helps us to keep on top of business trends and the staffing needs of the business industry.

If you have any questions, or would like to contact a TPP Employment Specialist, please fill out the Contact Form below or contact one of the TPP Employment Specialists directly.

TPP Employment Specialists

Ken Haley - (805) 385-2535 - ken.haley@ouhsd.k12.ca.us

Dory Raymond - (805) 385-5520 - dolores.raymond@ouhsd.k12.ca.us

Krystal Todd - (805) 278-3195 - krystal.todd@ouhsd.k12.ca.us

[contact-form][contact-field label='Name' type='name' required='1'/][contact-field label='Email' type='email' required='1'/][contact-field label='Phone Number' type='text' required='1'/][contact-field label='Question or Comment' type='textarea' required='1'/][/contact-form]

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Transition Partnership Program (TPP) - Oxnard Union High School District

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The Transition Partnership Program (TPP) helps selected high school seniors transition between school and work using a team approach. The Transition Partnership Program (TPP) Team Approach The TPP Team consists of employees at the school site, the Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), and the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR) all working together to help the [...]

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The Oxnard College Promise covers the per-unit cost of classes at Oxnard College for the FIRST YEAR for Oxnard Union High School District and Santa Clara High School students. In addition to two semesters of free tuition, Oxnard College Promise students will receive priority registration, dedicated tutors, advisors, counselors and support programs, expanded college orientation opportunities, and career or transfer track (CSU/UC) placement. Generously sponsored by the Oxnard College Foundation, the Oxnard College Promise aims to increase the number of local college graduates, university transfer and workforce-ready students throughout our community.

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The Oxnard College Promise covers the per-unit cost of classes at Oxnard College for the FIRST YEAR - Oxnard Union High School District

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Oxnard College Promise covers the per-unit cost of classes at Oxnard College for the FIRST YEAR for Oxnard Union High School District and Santa Clara High School students. In addition to two semesters of free tuition, Oxnard College Promise students will receive priority registration, dedicated tutors, advisors, counselors and support programs, expanded college orientation [...]

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1. 123 Career Test

2. O*NET Interest Profiler

3. Keirsey Temperament Sorter

4. Princeton Review Career Quiz

5. Test Color

6. Human Metrics

7. Pathsource

8. MAPP Career Test

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Career aptitude tests are a great way for individuals to get a better understanding of what types of jobs best fit their interests, personality and skills. These tests can provide clear ideas as to what career path may best suit you and help you choose your next step in your professional life. In this article, we will discuss some of the most popular career aptitude tests available for adults and what you can expect from each.

What is a career aptitude test?

Career aptitude tests are tests that provide career suggestions based on your personality, skills, interests and values. Whether you are just entering the workforce or are curious about what a change in career may look like for you, these tests can provide useful insights as to what type of job would best suit you. Career aptitude tests can also give you an idea of the type of work environment you would do best in and whether you would excel in a career that is people-oriented or more individual-based.

Types of career aptitude tests

There are many different types of career aptitude tests available. Each type will measure a different factor that can affect your career choice and overall job satisfaction. It's often best to take multiple types of career aptitude tests to get a well-rounded idea of what kind of job you would do best in.

Here are a few of the types of career aptitude tests you may find:

Personality tests

These tests base results on your unique personality. For example, how you make decisions and how well you work under pressure are all components of your personality that can influence what type of career you may enjoy.

Aptitude tests that evaluate your skills can help pinpoint vocations that are ideal for your unique skill set. For example, if you are an exceptional writer, you may be suggested to look into a job that involves producing content for a website or writing books for children.

Understanding your values can be helpful when determining which career you want to pursue. A career test based on your values may suggest that you consider jobs that align with both your personal and professional values and cater to what motivates you in the workplace.

Many people find that they do best in a job that is related in some way to their unique interests. For example, if you are interested in animals, pursuing a career as a veterinarian may be a great idea for you. Career aptitude tests that analyze your interests can help provide you with suggestions of jobs suited to these interests.

8 free career aptitude tests to help you find your next career

There are several different career aptitude tests available that you can easily take on the internet. Many of these tests are free and only require a short time to take.

The following are eight of the most popular free career aptitude tests you can take today:

1. 123 Career Test

123 Career Test is a simple and easy-to-use career aptitude test that helps identify careers that best match your personality. It also suggests which work environments would best suit your particular needs. This test requires you to select "yes" or "no" based on your preferences for various pictures of people performing work-related tasks. Then it suggests careers based on your results.

2. O*NET Interest Profiler

This test is supported by the U.S. Department of Labor and provides career suggestions based on your interest tendencies. The tendencies used in this test include investigative, social, enterprising, artistic, conventional and realistic. The O*NET Interest Profiler is based on your answers to 60 questions that have you rate various work activities from "strongly dislike" to "strongly like".

3. Keirsey Temperament Sorter

The Keirsey Temperament Sorter helps to identify your specific temperament within the work environment as well as your personality type. Based on your results, this test will label your personality as either Guardian, Artisan, Rational or Idealist. You will be provided with a description of your temperament and personality profile with the option to pay for a complete report.

4. Princeton Review Career Quiz

This career aptitude test offers career suggestions based on your style and interests as it relates to the workforce. It is composed of 24 questions that have you choose between two work-related options. At the end of the quiz, you will be given a color based on your results. You are then provided with a list of potential careers that are best suited to people in your color group.

5. Test Color

In this test, you will go through a two-part selection process in which you will choose various colors. Based on the colors you select, you will then be given an initial analysis of your personality and career aptitude. You will have the option to purchase a more in-depth analysis of your results as well as further career suggestions based on them.

6. Human Metrics

Human Metrics combines methods from both the Typology Central Jung Personality Test and the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator to rate your personality based on both test scales. This test will then provide you with various suggestions for your career, personal development and other business-related assessments.

7. Pathsource

Pathsource is an app for your mobile device that provides you with career options based on your personality and interests. This app also provides an extensive database of jobs based on academic achievements such as different types of degrees. You can also research colleges based on various factors such as financial aid and majors offered.

8. MAPP Career Test

The Motivational Appraisal Personal Potential (MAPP) Career Test is an assessment that provides career suggestions based on your personality. It also helps you determine where your career motivations lie and the top vocational categories you would likely excel in. This test takes only 22 minutes to complete and has been used by more than eight million people worldwide.

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Career aptitude tests are a great way for individuals to get a better understanding of what types of jobs best fit their interests, personality and skills. In this article, we will discuss some of the most popular career aptitude tests available for adults and what you can expect from each.