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a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings

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an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating

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device that collects incoming light when the shutter opens and converts that light into an electrical signal. The camera then analyzes that signal and translates the data into colors, that match the real-life image in the camera's viewfinder

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. While film grain is a function of such particles it is not the same thing as such.

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diffrent styles in media

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole. "Camera obscura" can also refer to analogous constructions such as a box or tent in which an exterior image is projected inside.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art

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A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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Line is a mark with more length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. They can be straight, curved, thick or thin.

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Shape s a closed line. Shape can be geometric, like squares and circles; or organic, like free-forms or natural shapes.

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Color is light reflected off of the objects. Three main characteristics hue, value, and intensity.  Color in art can also poetry a mood or feeling

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Texture is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Texture can be rough, smooth, soft or hard.

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Value describes the brightness or darkness of a color. Value does NOT necessarily mean lack and white.

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Forms are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth. Spheres, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are forms.

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Space is the area between and around objects. The space around objects is often called negative space; negative space has a shape.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art. works with pattern to make the work of art seem active

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas

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When the visual weight of these elements is evenly spread

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a very formal type of balance consisting of a mirroring of portions of an image.

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the two halves of the work of art are different, however, try to create balance.

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the act of positioning two or more things side by side or close together

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art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

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a gradual blending from one color to another color

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green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors

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color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people.

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neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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containing or using only one color.

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a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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Copying an image from a book or the internet

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subjective, contextual, and fluid

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objective photography tries to show the world as it really is, while subjective photography tries to show the world as the photographer herself sees it

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Copyright is geared toward literary and artistic works, such as books and videos. A trademark protects items that help define a company brand, such as its logo.

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open

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lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1

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the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied

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any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings

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emphasizes the depth behind the subject and gives images a greater sense of place.

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most commonly used in portrait photography. The even light is flattering for subjects because it eliminates shadows, softens the face, and allows the subject to relax without squinting

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refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition

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a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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a group of 3 separate images displayed together

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common method of representing three-dimensional objects

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type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel)

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s the exact opposite of barrel distortion – straight lines are curved outwards from the center.

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is randomness caused by your camera sensor and internal electronics, which introduce imperfections to an image. Sometimes, digital will have a clearly visible pattern, although it depends upon the camera. Both shot noise and digital noise are important in digital photography.

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles.

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In optics, the f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is also known as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop, and is very important in photography.

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determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.” Simply put, bokeh is the pleasing or aesthetic quality of out-of-focus blur in a photograph.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly.

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full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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(usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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(the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time. 1⁄500 of a second will let half as much light in as 1⁄250.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.

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monopod is a device for camera stabilization that has a single leg. a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera,

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Camera shake is visible whenever your shutter speed is slow compared to the speed of unintended camera motion.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, the photographer captures several photos in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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In photography middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A mid-tone is precisely that – all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. Most of the time our camera meter will attempt to expose for this average brightness when in 'Automatic Mode.

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are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama.

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is the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject. The introduction of a shadow into the image immediately adds a dimension of creativity and makes the photo more graphic.

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is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Sepia photography is similar to black-and-white photography in that it's monochromatic, meaning one tone or one color. But it's more brown or tan

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AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings. The most common type of bracketing is exposure bracketing, where the same shot is captured with at least three different exposures.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing. It is only shown in exposure modes that use exposure compensation or auto exposure bracketing. The scale on the side shows the measurement from the light meter based on the current exposure parameters.

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is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. Exposure is a matter of personal preference, and an exposure brighter or darker than that selected by the camera may sometimes better reflect the photographer's intent.

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is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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Press Super + Page Down or Ctrl + Alt + Down to move to the workspace shown below the current workspace in the workspace selector.

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A toolbar contains buttons for performing actions related to the screen, such as creating an item, filtering items, or marking up content.

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A palette is both the board on which an artist puts selected colors and also the set of colors themselves. On the Web, choosing the colors you use not only involves understanding which colors work well together

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A menu bar is a graphical control element which contains drop-down menus. The menu bar's purpose is to supply

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The options bar appears below the menu bar at the top of the workspace. The options bar is context sensitive—it changes as you select different things