# data[].attributes.body
1. See
I see the earth and sun moving towards each other.

2.Think the waves shown are mI wonder if the red beam is a cooling shield to protect the earth.

# data[].attributes.body
I SEE...
a sun shining on the red line.

# data[].attributes.body
I can see the sun shining its light rays into the earths's atmosphere

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder how bright is the sun?

# data[].attributes.headline
ERICA CHONG (4.Inspiring).                   

# data[].attributes.subject
ERICA CHONG (4.Inspiring).                   

# data[].attributes.body
I THINK...
the red line is protecting the earth from the source of hot flaming light.

# data[].attributes.body
I think that those purple lines are the light rays.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what the purple rings around the earth are and what is their purpose.

# data[].attributes.body
The red rings protect the earth from the sun.

# data[].attributes.body
I can see the sun shining on something.

# data[].attributes.body
I see purple dust in the solar system .
I see red rays of light.

# data[].attributes.body
I think the the red rays are to prevent a lot \ too much light to go the earth.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what is the temprature of the sun  is.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun and the earth in space, and the sun shining its light rays on the earth.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The Sun is middle-aged, about 4.6 billion years old.
2. Over 1 million earths can fit inside the Sun. If you were to fill a hollow Sun with spherical Earths, somewhere around 960,000 would fit inside. However, if you squashed those Earths to ensure there was no wasted space then you could fit 1,300,000 Earths inside the Sun.
3. One day, the Sun will consume the earth. It will continue to burn for about 130 million years after it burns through all of its hydrogen. During that time, it will expand so much that it will engulf Mercury, Venus, and Earth.
4. Its diameter is 1,392,684 km.
5. Its surface temperature is 5500 °C.
6. The Sun is almost a perfect sphere. (A sphere is a 3D circle, a round figure)
7. It takes eight minutes for light to reach Earth from the Sun.
8. The Sun is classified as a yellow dwarf star.
9. The atmosphere of the Sun is composed of three layers: the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona.
10. The Sun has another common nickname - Sol. This alternate name is where we get the term “solar system”, which literally means system of the Sun.

# data[].attributes.body
I think that the red ring around the earth protects the earth from the sun's light rays.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun and the earth with a red ray of light .

# data[].attributes.body
I think the earth is rotating around the sun .

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what are red rays .

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder if my answer is correct..

# data[].attributes.body
I see a red light around the earth and a sun.

# data[].attributes.body
I think that the red light is to protect the earth from being burnt down by the sun.

# data[].attributes.body
What is the degree of the sun?

# data[].attributes.body
1. I think that the blue lines are magnetic waves.
2. I think that the sun's radiation is trying to harm earth.
3. I think that the picture is taken by an astronaut.

# data[].attributes.body
1. I wonder how hot the sun is?
2. I wonder what are the red stuff around the earth which protects it from the sun.
3. I wonder when is this photo taken.
4. I wonder which year is the sun discovered.

# data[].attributes.body
I see light rays around the earth

# data[].attributes.body
I think the red thing is protecting the earth from the sun's radiation coming to earth

# data[].attributes.body
1. I see the sun shining its light rays to the earth.

2. I see something protecting the earth's atmosphere from the sun.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what causes the light rays to formand how it forms

# data[].attributes.headline
i think the red laser is to protect the earth.

# data[].attributes.subject
i think the red laser is to protect the earth.

# data[].attributes.body
~yun xi

# data[].attributes.body
I see a red laser-like thing around the Earth and the Sun’s sunlight is shining one the Earth.

# data[].attributes.body
I think thus photo was taken by a astronaut or a photographer in space.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what is the purple thingy around the Earth - inside the red laser-like thingy.

# data[].attributes.body
~yun xi

# data[].attributes.headline
i wonder what is the purple rings called.

# data[].attributes.subject
i wonder what is the purple rings called.

# data[].attributes.body
~yun xi

# data[].attributes.body
Something is blocking the sun's beams.

# data[].attributes.body
I think there is a rare phenomenon happening.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder if the sun will explode.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun shining light at the atmosphe

# data[].attributes.body
I think the atmosphe is protecting the the earth from the strong sunlight

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder if the atmosphe broke before

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder when is the sun formed?

# data[].attributes.body
where is the moon

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder how hot the sun is.
I wonder how much bigger the sun is compared to Earth?

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun shining at the earth's ozone layer.

# data[].attributes.body
I think the earth's ozone layer is absorbing most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

# data[].attributes.body
the suns solar rays shing at the ozone layer is going to create a phenomena called the aurora lights

# data[].attributes.body
I think the earth is reflecting light from the sun.
I think the rays are protecting the Earth and the sun.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the suns solar rays hitting the earths magnetic field and the ozone layer too

# data[].attributes.body
Question 1:What causes light rays to form?
Each light ray entering a converging (convex) lens refracts inwards as it enters the lens and inwards again as it leaves. These refractions cause parallel light rays to spread out, travelling directly away from an imaginary focal point. A biconcave lens curves is thinner at the middle than it is at the edges.
Question 2:How does the light rays form?
When the light passes through the thin slits, it behaves in the same way that water waves do when they pass through a narrow opening: they diffract and spread out in the form of hemispherical ripples. Where the "light ripples" from the two slits hit each other out of phase they cancel out, forming dark bars.

# data[].attributes.body
1.(The blue line) Earth's thin atmosphere is all that stands between life on Earth and the cold, dark void of space. This image, taken by astronauts aboard in the International Space Station in 2008, shows light from our Sun as it passes through these layers of gases that are held to the planet by Earth's gravity.

2.The red line is actually the equator.Equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres and forms the imaginary reference line on the Earth's surface from which latitude is reckoned; in other words, it is the line with 0° latitude. World map with the Equator marked by a red line.

3.According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the surface temperature of the sun is 5,800 Kelvins (or 5526.85 Celsius). However, the centre is much hotter measuring 15,000,000 Kelvins (or 14,999,726.85 Celsius). Needless to say, the sun is a truly hot spot.

4.The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.

5.The sun is one of more than 100 billion stars I’m the Milky Way. It orbits some 25,000 light-years from the galactic core, completing a revolution once every 250 million years or so. The sun is relatively young, part of a generation of stars known as Population I, which are relatively rich in elements heavier than helium. An older generation of stars is called Population II, and an earlier generation of Population III may have existed, although no members of this generation are known yet.

# data[].attributes.body
𝒲𝒽𝒶𝓉 𝐼 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝒸𝑜𝓋𝑒𝓇𝑒𝒹:

𝐼𝓈 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃 𝒶 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇?
𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃 𝒾𝓈 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇 𝒶𝓉 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒸𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝑜𝒻 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝑜𝓁𝒶𝓇 𝒮𝓎𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓂. 𝐼𝓉 𝒾𝓈 𝒶 𝓃𝑒𝒶𝓇𝓁𝓎 𝓅𝑒𝓇𝒻𝑒𝒸𝓉 𝓈𝓅𝒽𝑒𝓇𝑒 𝑜𝒻 𝒽𝑜𝓉 𝓅𝓁𝒶𝓈𝓂𝒶, 𝒽𝑒𝒶𝓉𝑒𝒹 𝓉𝑜 𝒾𝓃𝒸𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓈𝒸𝑒𝓃𝒸𝑒 𝒷𝓎 𝓃𝓊𝒸𝓁𝑒𝒶𝓇 𝒻𝓊𝓈𝒾𝑜𝓃 𝓇𝑒𝒶𝒸𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃𝓈 𝒾𝓃 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓇𝑒, 𝓇𝒶𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓇𝑔𝓎 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓃𝓁𝓎 𝒶𝓈 𝓋𝒾𝓈𝒾𝒷𝓁𝑒 𝓁𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉, 𝓊𝓁𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓋𝒾𝑜𝓁𝑒𝓉 𝓁𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓉, 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒾𝓃𝒻𝓇𝒶𝓇𝑒𝒹 𝓇𝒶𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃.
𝐼𝓈 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓈𝓉 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇?
𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃 𝒾𝓈 𝓃𝑜𝓉 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓈𝓉 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇; 𝓉𝒽𝑒𝓇𝑒 𝒶𝓇𝑒 𝓂𝒶𝓃𝓎 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇𝓈 𝓂𝓊𝒸𝒽 𝒽𝑜𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝓉𝒽𝒶𝓃 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃. 𝒴𝑜𝓊 𝒸𝒶𝓃 𝓉𝑒𝓁𝓁 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒶𝓅𝓅𝓇𝑜𝓍𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒 𝓉𝑒𝓂𝓅𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓉𝓊𝓇𝑒 𝑜𝒻 𝒶 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇 𝒷𝓎 𝓁𝑜𝑜𝓀𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒶𝓉 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓁𝑜𝓇. 𝐸𝓋𝑒𝓃 𝒽𝑜𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇𝓈 𝒶𝓇𝑒 𝓌𝒽𝒾𝓉𝑒 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝓉𝒽𝑒𝓃 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒽𝑜𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓈𝓉 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇𝓈 𝒶𝓇𝑒 𝒷𝓁𝓊𝑒. 𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝓈𝓊𝓇𝒻𝒶𝒸𝑒 𝓉𝑒𝓂𝓅𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓉𝓊𝓇𝑒 𝑜𝒻 𝑜𝓊𝓇 𝓈𝓊𝓃 𝒾𝓈 𝟧𝟩𝟩𝟩 𝒦𝑒𝓁𝓋𝒾𝓃𝓈 (~𝟧𝟢𝟢𝟢 𝒹𝑒𝑔𝓇𝑒𝑒𝓈 𝒞 𝑜𝓇 ~ 𝟫𝟫𝟦𝟢 𝒹𝑒𝑔𝓇𝑒𝑒𝓈 𝐹)
𝒲𝒽𝒶𝓉 𝓉𝓎𝓅𝑒 𝑜𝒻 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇 𝒾𝓈 𝑜𝓊𝓇 𝒮𝓊𝓃?
𝒪𝓊𝓇 𝒮𝓊𝓃 – 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒽𝑒𝒶𝓇𝓉 𝑜𝒻 𝑜𝓊𝓇 𝓈𝑜𝓁𝒶𝓇 𝓈𝓎𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓂 – 𝒾𝓈 𝒶 𝓎𝑒𝓁𝓁𝑜𝓌 𝒹𝓌𝒶𝓇𝒻 𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓇, 𝒶 𝒽𝑜𝓉 𝒷𝒶𝓁𝓁 𝑜𝒻 𝑔𝓁𝑜𝓌𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝑔𝒶𝓈𝑒𝓈. 𝐼𝓉𝓈 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓋𝒾𝓉𝓎 𝒽𝑜𝓁𝒹𝓈 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓈𝑜𝓁𝒶𝓇 𝓈𝓎𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝓉𝑜𝑔𝑒𝓉𝒽𝑒𝓇, 𝓀𝑒𝑒𝓅𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝑒𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓎𝓉𝒽𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒻𝓇𝑜𝓂 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒷𝒾𝑔𝑔𝑒𝓈𝓉 𝓅𝓁𝒶𝓃𝑒𝓉𝓈 𝓉𝑜 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓈𝓂𝒶𝓁𝓁𝑒𝓈𝓉 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝓉𝒾𝒸𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝑜𝒻 𝒹𝑒𝒷𝓇𝒾𝓈 𝒾𝓃 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝑜𝓇𝒷𝒾𝓉.
𝐻𝑜𝓌 𝒹𝒾𝒹 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃 𝑔𝑒𝓉 𝒾𝓉𝓈 𝓃𝒶𝓂𝑒?
𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝓌𝑜𝓇𝒹 𝓈𝓊𝓃 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑒𝓈 𝒻𝓇𝑜𝓂 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒪𝓁𝒹 𝐸𝓃𝑔𝓁𝒾𝓈𝒽 𝓌𝑜𝓇𝒹 𝓈𝓊𝓃𝓃𝑒, 𝓌𝒽𝒾𝒸𝒽 𝒾𝓉𝓈𝑒𝓁𝒻 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑒𝓈 𝒻𝓇𝑜𝓂 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑜𝓁𝒹𝑒𝓇 𝒫𝓇𝑜𝓉𝑜-𝒢𝑒𝓇𝓂𝒶𝓃𝒾𝒸 𝓁𝒶𝓃𝑔𝓊𝒶𝑔𝑒'𝓈 𝓌𝑜𝓇𝒹 𝓈𝓊𝓃𝓃ō𝓃. 𝒟𝓊𝓇𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝓇𝑒𝒾𝑔𝓃 𝑜𝒻 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝑅𝑜𝓂𝒶𝓃 𝐸𝓂𝓅𝒾𝓇𝑒, 𝐻𝑒𝓁𝒾𝑜𝓈 𝓌𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓅𝓁𝒶𝒸𝑒𝒹 𝓌𝒾𝓉𝒽 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝐿𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓃 𝓃𝒶𝓂𝑒 𝒮𝑜𝓁. 𝐿𝒾𝓀𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝓁𝒾𝑜𝓈, 𝒮𝑜𝓁 𝒾𝓈 𝒶 𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓂 𝓉𝒽𝒶𝓉 𝒾𝓈 𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓁𝓁 𝓊𝓈𝑒𝒹 𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝒸𝓇𝒾𝒷𝑒 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒮𝓊𝓃.

# data[].attributes.body
1.The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
2.It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma.
3.The Sun's core fuses about 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium every second, converting 4 million tons of matter into energy every second as a result. This energy, which can take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to escape the core, is the source of the Sun's light and heat. When hydrogen fusion in its core has diminished to the point at which the Sun is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium, its core will undergo a marked increase in density and temperature while its outer layers expand, eventually transforming the Sun into a red giant.

# data[].attributes.body
in the old days people believed the earth was the centre of the universe.

# data[].attributes.body
1.The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.

# data[].attributes.body
The temperature at the surface of the Sun is about 10,000 Fahrenheit (5,600 Celsius). The temperature rises from the surface of the Sun inward towards the very hot center of the Sun where it reaches about 27,000,000 Fahrenheit (15,000,000 Celsius). The temperature of the Sun also rises from the surface outward into the solar atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun shining at the earth. I see many rays of light, different colours like purple and red.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder how hot the sun is?

The temperature at the surface of the Sun is 5,600 Celsius . The temperature rises from the surface of the Sun inward towards the very hot center of the Sun where it reaches about 15,000,000 Celsius.

I wonder how much bigger the sun is  compared to Earth?

The Sun is 864,400 miles (1,391,000 kilometers) across. This is about 109 times the diameter of Earth. The Sun weighs about 333,000 times as much as Earth. It is so large that about 1,300,000 planet Earths can fit inside of it.

# data[].attributes.body
I see the sun shining on something .

# data[].attributes.body
I think the sun is rotating around the sun

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder what are the purple and red stuff ?

# data[].attributes.body
I think the red line is to allow light light to pass through but not the heat from the sun.

# data[].attributes.body
1)After fusing helium in its core to carbon, the sun will begin to collapse again, evolving into a compact white dwarf star after ejecting its outer atmosphere as a planetary nebula. The predicted final mass is 54.1% of the present value, most likely consisting primarily of carbon and oxygen.
2)A billion years before the Sun explodes, the Milky Way will have collided and merged with the Andromeda Galaxy—currently the closest major galaxy to us at 2.5 million light-years—to create a new, massive galaxy called (perhaps) “Milkdromeda.”
3)In about 5 billion years, the sun will run out of hydrogen. Our star is currently in the most stable phase of its life cycle and has been since the birth of our solar system, about 4.5 billion years ago.
4)In about 5.5 billion years the Sun will run out of hydrogen and begin expanding as it burns helium. It will swap from being a yellow giant to a red giant, expanding beyond the orbit of Mars and vaporizing Earth—including the atoms that make-up you.
5)The sun will shrink down to become a dying ember of a star, known as a white dwarf, only a little larger than Earth. Artist's concept of our sun as a white dwarf. ... Bottom line: A study suggests our sun is about the lowest mass star that – at the end of its life – produces a visible, though faint, planetary nebula.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder if the sun will be gone one day.
I wonder if there will be a eclips one day.

# data[].attributes.body
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.

Surface temperature: 5,778 K

Mass: 1.989 × 10^30 kg

Radius: 696,340 km

Age: 4.603 billion years

Distance to Earth: 149.6 million km

Gravity: 274 m/s²

Moons: 3122 Florence, 130 Elektra, 225088 Gonggong, 90482 Orcus

# data[].attributes.body
1. As far as the Sun’s mass compared to other bodies found in our solar system, the Sun is easily the most massive. The Sun alone contains 99.8% of the total mass in the Solar System.

2. In terms of size, the Sun has a diameter of roughly 1.4 million kilometers (870,000 miles). To put this in perspective, this is almost 110 times the diameter of the Earth. What this means is that about one million Earth’s could fit inside the Sun.

3. One day the Sun will consume the Earth. The Sun will continue to burn for about 130 million years after it burns through all of its hydrogen, instead burning helium. During this time it will expand to such a size that it will engulf Mercury, Venus, and Earth. When it reaches this point, it will have become a red giant star.

4. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, the energy from the Sun's core is made by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared radiation.

5.  The size of the Sun compared to the largest known stars (Red Giants) is not very big. However, if compared to the most common type of star in the universe, the red dwarf, the Sun is quite a bit larger. Thus, the Sun is not the biggest type of star in the universe, but it is definitely larger than most.

6. The Sun is travelling at 220 km per second. It is around 24,000-26,000 light-years from the galactic center and it takes the Sun approximately 225-250 million years to complete one orbit of the center of the Milky Way.

7. The Sun will eventually be about the size of Earth. Once the Sun has completed its red giant phase, it will collapse. It’s huge mass will be retained, but it will have a volume similar to that of Earth. When that happens, it will be known as a white dwarf.

8. The Sun rotates in the opposite direction to Earth with the Sun rotating from west to east instead of east to west like Earth.

9. The temperature at the surface of the Sun is about 10,000 Fahrenheit (5,600 Celsius). The temperature rises from the surface of the Sun inward towards the very hot center of the Sun where it reaches about 27,000,000 Fahrenheit (15,000,000 Celsius).

# data[].attributes.body
How is the Earth protected from the Sun's heat and radiation?

The sun doesn’t just produce heat and light. It throws out all sorts of other types of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet radiation.

Because ultraviolet radiation can damage DNA it is potentially harmful to most living things, including plants.

Ozone is a form of oxygen in our upper atmosphere that protects Earth.

Almost all living things would suffer radiation burns if we didn't have the ozone layer to protect us.

How is the Ozone layer formed and can it disappear?

Up in the stratosphere, small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen.

At the same time, ozone is being broken down by natural processes.

The total amount of ozone stays constant if its formation and destruction occur at about the same rate.

But human activity has recently changed that natural balance. Human activity has led to ozone depletion.

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), previously used as refrigerants, foam-blowing agents and propellants in spray cans, are ozone-depleting. Carbon tetrachloride (used in dry cleaning), and methyl bromide (used as an insecticide for soil fumigation) are also ozone-depleting.

Ozone-depleting substances are generally very long-lived, as they take years to drift upwards and interact with the upper atmosphere

Due to international banning and controlling of these substances, it’s believed that the biggest ozone holes will recover by around 2040.

If the ozone layer thins/disappears, how does it affect us?

When there is less ozone in the stratosphere, more ultraviolet radiation hits us.

Even a 1 per cent reduction in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere causes a measurable increase in the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface.

If there was no ozone at all, the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching us would be catastrophically high. All living things would suffer radiation burns, unless they were underground, in protective suits, or in the sea.

Scientists often refer to the part of the atmosphere where ozone is most depleted as the ‘ozone hole’, but it is not really a hole—just a vast region of the upper atmosphere where there is less ozone than elsewhere.

Antarctica is the worst affected area.

Information from https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/earths-sunscreen-ozone-layer

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Essentials

Ozone is a form of oxygen in our upper atmosphere that protects the planet

Almost all living things would suffer radiation burns if we didn't have the ozone layer to protect us

Human activity has led to ozone depletion

Ozone-depleting substances are generally very long-lived, as they take years to drift upwards and interact with the upper atmosphere

Due to international banning and controlling of these substances, it's believed that the biggest ozone holes will recover by around 2040

Up in the stratosphere, small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen. At the same time, ozone is being broken down by natural processes. The total amount of ozone usually stays constant because its formation and destruction occur at about the same rate.

Human activity has recently changed that natural balance. Certain manufactured substances (such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons) can destroy stratospheric ozone much faster than it is formed.

Ozone is a natural sunblock

Go outside on a fine day and feel the sun warm your face. What happens when a cloud passes over? You'll notice that the cloud takes away some of the heat and light coming from the sun. In much the same way that a cloud blocks the heat on a hot day, the ozone layer in the stratosphere blocks out the sun's deadly ultraviolet rays. It acts as our planet's natural sunblock.

The sun doesn't just produce heat and light. It throws out all sorts of other types of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet radiation. Because ultraviolet radiation can damage DNA it is potentially harmful to most living things, including plants.

Unfortunately our bodies can't detect ultraviolet radiation directly. We can be unaware of the harm it is doing until it is too late-for example, at the end of a day in the sun without adequate protection.

When there is less ozone in the stratosphere, more ultraviolet radiation hits us.

Even a 1 per cent reduction in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere causes a measurable increase in the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. If there was no ozone at all, the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching us would be catastrophically high. All living things would suffer radiation burns, unless they were underground, in protective suits, or in the sea.

The sun emits more than just visible light. Ultraviolet is not visible with our eyes, but damages our DNA and causes sunburn. Image source: NASA Goddard / Flickr.

What exactly is ozone?

Ozone is a form of oxygen. Each ozone molecule is made of three oxygen atoms, so its chemical formula is O ₃. But unlike oxygen, ozone is a poisonous gas, and an increase in its concentration at ground level is not something that we want. But in the stratosphere, where ozone exists naturally, it blocks out the sun's ultraviolet rays and is a life-saver.

Ozone-depleting substances usually contain chlorine or bromine.

The synthetic chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are now well-known as environmental 'baddies', even though they are useful and completely non-toxic substances. They get their bad name because they are ozone-eaters (properly called ozone-depleting substances). CFCs are not the only ozone-depleting substances, but they are the most abundant. Some ozone-depleting substances are naturally occurring compounds.

Ozone-depleting substances are generally very long-lived, and it takes several years for them to to drift up into the stratosphere. When they arrive, they are broken apart by exposure to ultraviolet radiation and that releases the chlorine atoms. These are the real ozone-killers. The chlorine atoms react with ozone, to form oxygen and chlorine monoxide.

CFCs are an ozone-depleting substance that were once prominent in a range of everyday products, including spray cans. CFCs have mostly been phased out, but their replacements can be damaging too. Image source: omye / Flickr.

Ozone depletion

The ozone-destroying reactions take place most rapidly only under certain conditions in the stratosphere. These conditions-extreme cold, darkness and isolation, followed by exposure to light-occur over the polar regions after the long polar winter has finished and the first spring sun appears.

Antarctica is the worst affected area, probably because the air above it is most isolated from the rest of the atmosphere. Scientists often refer to the part of the atmosphere where ozone is most depleted as the 'ozone hole', but it is not really a hole-just a vast region of the upper atmosphere where there is less ozone than elsewhere. At its most extreme, the 'ozone hole' contains 60 per cent less ozone than normal.

Ozone-poor air can spread out from the polar regions and move above other areas. In addition, direct ozone loss elsewhere is slowly increasing, although it is not occurring at the same rate as over the poles.

Scientists around the world regularly monitor ozone-depleting substances and the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. In Australia, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research jointly manage the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station. The Cape Grim station is located in remote north-western Tasmania, in the path of strong westerly winds that carry air thousands of kilometres across the Southern Ocean. Air at Cape Grim is regularly sampled in order to monitor atmospheric composition. (Another reason to monitor ozone-depleting substances is because most are also powerful greenhouse gases.)

A snapshot of the Antarctic Ozone Hole in 2010. Image source: NASA Goddard / Flickr.

Reversing the depletion

Banning and controlling ozone-depleting substances

Many substances other than chlorofluorocarbons are also ozone-depleting. Examples are carbon tetrachloride (used in dry cleaning), and methyl bromide (used as an insecticide for soil fumigation). An Australian scientist (Jonathan Banks) has been internationally recognised for his work in finding a replacement for methyl bromide.

CFCs, previously used as refrigerants, foam-blowing agents and propellants in spray cans, are now banned in Australia (and many other countries). Their temporary replacements, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons, are still slightly ozone-depleting, though not to the same extent. HCFCs are also being phased out.

An international agreement to address the problem of ozone depletion was devised in 1987. Called the Montreal Protocol, this agreement limits the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. By 2009, the Montreal Protocol had been agreed to by all United Nation (UN) member states, making it the most widely ratified treaty in UN history. It was agreed that all CFC production world wide would be stopped by 1 January 2010. By September 2011, nearly 100 ozone depleting substances (amounting to 97 per cent of the substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol) had been phased out.

A slowing down in the rate of ozone loss has been measured, and the concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere is slowly levelling off. But because of the long-lived nature of the ozone-depleting substances, they will hang around and continue doing their nasty work for a long time after their actual production has stopped. It is estimated that it will take decades to reverse the problem, though scientists are hopeful that the biggest holes in the ozone layer will recover by around 2040.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Essentials Ozone is a form of oxygen in our upper atmosphere that protects the planet Almost all living things would suffer radiation burns if we didn't have the ozone layer to protect us Human activity has led to ozone depletion Ozone-depleting substances are generally very long-lived, as they take years to drift upwards and interact with the upper atmosphere Due to international banning and controlling of these substances, it's believed that the biggest ozone holes will recover by around 2040 Up in the stratosphere, small amounts of ozone are constantly being made by the action of sunlight on oxygen.

# data[].attributes.body
I have discovered that the red line around the earth is called a solar flare.
Solar flares strongly influence the local space weather in the Vicinity of the Earth. They can produce streams of highly energetic particles in the solar wind or stellar wind, known as a solar particle event.
(I search on google)

# data[].attributes.body
The sun formed more than 4.5 billion years ago, when a cloud of dust and gas called a nebula collapsed under its own gravity. As it did, the cloud spun and flattened into a disk, with our sun forming at its center. The disk's outskirts later accreted into our solar system, including Earth and the other planets.

# data[].attributes.body
I descovered that .......

1. What year did the sun form ? The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago. As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk.

2.What was formed first the sun or the earrth ? When we direct solar rays through a prism, we see all the colors of the rainbow come out the other end. That's to say we see all the colors that are visible to the human eye. "Therefore the sun is white," because white is made up of all the colors, Baird said.

3.What holds the sun in place ? The sun's gravity pulls the planet toward the sun, which changes the straight line of direction into a curve. This keeps the planet moving in an orbit around the sun. Because of the sun's gravitational pull, all the planets in our solar system orbit around it.

4. What is the temprature of the sun ?  5,778 K .

5.Is the sun getting hotter ? The Sun is becoming increasingly hotter (or more luminous) with time. ... Astronomers estimate that the Sun's luminosity will increase by about 6% every billion years. This increase might seem slight, but it will render Earth inhospitable to life in about 1.1 billion years. The planet will be too hot to support life.

6. Is the sun growing or shrinking ? The sun is growing. And shrinking, and growing again. Every 11 years, the sun's radius oscillates by up to two kilometres, shrinking when its magnetic activity is high and expanding again as the activity decreases.

7. How much hydrogen does the sun burn every second ? Today, the Sun continues to fuse hydrogen atoms to make helium in its core. It fuses about 600 million tons of hydrogen every second, yielding 596 million tons of helium. The remaining four million tons of hydrogen are converted to energy, which makes the Sun shine.

8. Can the sun become a black hole ? First of all, the Sun is never going to turn into a black hole. Only the most massive stars become black holes at the end of their lives. Little stars, like the Sun, die in a different way. When these stars burn up all the hydrogen in their cores, they swell into red giants.

9.What are the 3  characteristics of the sun ? The Sun consists of about 70% Hydrogen, 28% Helium and 2% of metals such as iron. Other characteristics are its rotation, temperature, and radiation.

10.Does the sun affect your appetite ? Since lack of sunlight is tied to depression and depression is linked to appetite, sunlight exposure can help positively affect the appetite. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that controls hunger. It works along with serotonin and aids in relieving hunger.

# data[].attributes.body
I see many colour light rays

# data[].attributes.body
I think the red lights are the energy from the sun

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder when was the sun formed

# data[].attributes.body
I discovered that...

Q1What year did the Sun form?

about 4.5 billion years ago

The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago. As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk.

Q2Is the Sun White?

When we direct solar rays through a prism, we see all the colors of the rainbow come out the other end. That's to say we see all the colors that are visible to the human eye. "Therefore the sun is white," because white is made up of all the colors, Baird said.

Q3How will the Sun die?

In about 5.5 billion years the Sun will run out of hydrogen and begin expanding as it burns helium. It will swap from being a yellow giant to a red giant, expanding beyond the orbit of Mars and vaporizing Earth—including the atoms that make-up you.

# data[].attributes.headline
I think the purple light is a light beam

# data[].attributes.subject
I think the purple light is a light beam

# data[].attributes.headline
I wonder why the purple lights cause that

# data[].attributes.subject
I wonder why the purple lights cause that

# data[].attributes.body
All of the energy from the Sun that reaches the Earth arrives as solar radiation, part of a large collection of energy called the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Solar radiation includes visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. Radiation is one way to transfer heat.

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder how hot the sun is. And what is the temperature ?

# data[].attributes.body
I wonder how hot the sun is. And what is the temperature ?