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leader of a slave uprising in 1822.

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nickname for slavery given by slave owners who were sensitive about how they treated their slaves.

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primarily in the industrial Northeast, cities grew along with the need for housing factory workers.

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created by nativists, this was originally a secret society called the Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner until they turned to politics.

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native- born Americans who felt threatened by the influx of immigration

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ideology from the division between regions based on economics, politics, and populations.

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characterized by many reform and societal movements in America that began during the Jacksonian presidency and continued for decades afterward.

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the first women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.

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movement in artwork and literature that emphasized nature, supernatural happenings, and inspiration

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movement that stated alcohol was at the root of societal faults and sought to get rid of liquor in the United States.

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idealized image of women created from industrialization forcing them to take charge of the household while the men worked in the factories

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people part of the movement to  eradicate slavery across America

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questioned established churches and business practices and promoted intuitive ways of thinking to find God in nature. Most prominent transcendentalists were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Brook Farm.

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the idea of creating secluded communities to create the perfect town under ideal beliefs

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religious community movement that kept men and women completely separated and forbade marriage and sexual relations.

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also known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, was founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. Based on the teachings in the Book of Mormon, they created the New Zion in present-day Salt Lake City, Utah under Brigham Young.

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a religious revolution that began in 1790 and gained popularity in the early 1800s in America

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coming from the inflation of land costs, Jackson created the presidential order “Specie Circular”. This stated that all future purchase of federal land must be payed in specie (gold or silver) rather than bank notes.

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when Jackson withdrew all federal funding from the national bank, critics called the state banks to which he transferred the money to “pet banks”.

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Jackson persuades Congress to pass this act giving him authority to act against South Carolina.

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created from the rift within the Democratic- Republican Party; contributed to the Second Party System

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lowered the protective tariff rates as promised in the ending of the nullification crisis.

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1832, when South Carolina held a convention discussing the option of nullifying the tariffs of 1828 and 1832, Jackson passes the Force Act and S.C. surrenders and gives up nullification in exchange for amendments being made to the despised tariffs

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also known as the Tariff of Abominations, this protected northern and western industry from foreign competitors

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name of the route taken by the Cherokees to the designated settlement; 4,000 Cherokees died on the voyage.

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1832, high court rules that the laws of Georgia have no jurisdiction within the Cherokee territory. Jackson supports the states and therefore the Court has no way to defend its’ decision.

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1831, the Supreme Court rules that the Cherokees are not a foreign nation with the right to sue in the federal court

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since Jackson sympathized with the idea of Manifest Destiny, this act’s purpose was to resettle Native American tribes to the west of the Mississippi

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also known as the Petticoat Affair, Jackson tried to get the cabinet wives to socially accept the wife of the secretary of war- Peggy Eaton- and in turn, much of the cabinet resigned.

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when Jackson is finally elected, he hires loyal supporters to government positions.

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Democracy as we know it today; was the democracy for the “common, self-made man” and created universal white male suffrage.

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the term Jackson tags to the election of 1824 wherein there was a tie and the election had to go to the House of Representatives. Clay uses his influence in the House to elect John Quincy Adams who, in turn makes him Secretary of State.

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economic system wherein a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

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proclaims that any European nations no longer have the power to conquer in either North or South America.

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admits Missouri into America as a slave-holding state, admits Maine into America as a free state, and prohibits slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30’ latitude line.

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as proposed by Henry Clay, this consists of three parts: protective tariffs, a national bank, and improvements to infrastructure.

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leader in the House of Representatives who proposed the American System

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the first protective tariff in America, it was created to protect U.S. manufacturers from overseas competition

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extreme feelings of patriotism within a country causing increased promotion and prioritization of its’ interests.

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signed on Christmas Eve of 1814, this treaty ended the war in a stalemate wherein neither side involved gained nor lost anything.

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radical Federalists in New England convened to discuss secession; they then further lose power and are stamped as unpatriotic

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led by General Andrew Jackson, the company halted the British attempt to take control of the Mississippi River. Although an impressive victory, it was relatively meaningless since the war had formally ended two weeks prior.

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troubles with Britain in the western frontier and over U.S. neutral rights at sea led to the outbreak of war in 1812. Neither Congress nor the American people could be united in support for the war, so it only lasted until 1814.

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states that if either Britain or France formally agrees to respect the U.S.’s neutral rights at sea, the U.S. will cease and further prohibit trade with that country’s enemy.

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1809, states that Americans can now trade with every nation except France or England.

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1807, prohibits American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign ports in attempt to economically injure England and France rather than engage in war with them.

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the nickname for Jackson’s close advisors who were not in his actual cabinet. The title refers to the informality of the group.

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refers to the Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall from 1801 to 1835. During his time as Chief Justice, Marshall created many principles that would be followed in the future. This included: judicial review (Marbury v. Madison, 1803), the policy that states cannot pass legislation invalidating contracts (Fletcher v. Peck, 1810), the Supreme Court holding jurisdiction over state courts in cases dealing with constitutional rights (Martin v. Hunter’s Lease, 1816), the ruling that private corporation contracts cannot be altered by the state (Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819), the ruling that the Constitution gives the federal government implied power to create a bank (McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819), the policy of Supreme Court reviewal of state court decisions (Cohens v. Virginia, 1821), and the establishment of federal court jurisdiction over interstate commerce (Gibbons v. Ogden, 1821).

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this refers to Jefferson winning the election of 1800 and ending the Federalist rule by being the first Democratic- Republican President

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created by Eli Whitney, this invention separated the cotton fibers from the seed and heightened the amounts of production that could be completed in a day

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was the shift from a domestic system of production to a factory system.

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military unit led by Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the western frontier.

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one of the midnight justices, Marbury, sues Secretary of State Madison for refusing to give him a commission for his appointment

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made in 1803, it doubled the size of the country when Napoleon offered not only Port Orleans for $10M, but the entire Louisiana territory for $15M.

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The last act Adams creates before his presidency expired, it created sixteen new judgeships and other judicial offices.

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mostly Democratic Republicans, they were eager for war with Britain. Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

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During the War of 1812, this was when Britain forcefully drafted American sailors into their military.

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Nickname for the judges who were given positions by the Judiciary Act of 1801

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established by Marshall during Marbury v. Madison, this is the power of the Supreme Court to declare a legislative act as unconstitutional.

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created at the Seneca Falls Convention, it declared that all men and women were created equal.