# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Dive Brief:

The coronavirus pandemic is testing the relationships between teachers and students as the transition from managing those connections in-person to online proves challenging, according to The Hechinger Report. For many at-risk students in particular, teachers are their main source of stability.

Closures are exposing how important these relationships are. To make in-person connections, educators in a Massachusetts district, for example, recently held a three-hour car parade that drove by each student's house.

Many educators are still trying to re-establish connection with some of their students, with lack of internet or devices, language barriers and family illnesses cited among reasons.

Dive Insight:

The loss of these connections and their social-emotional benefits may emerge as one of the greatest negative impacts of school closures. Rather than worrying too much about academic performance, some teachers are working to maintain relationships through online learning platforms. This is particularly crucial for students already at-risk prior to the coronavirus pandemic.

In some areas, a framework for online bonds between adults and students was already developed prior to the pandemic. Big Brothers Big Sisters of Massachusetts Bay's Mentor 2.0 program, for example, matched students with mentors who often met and maintained relationships virtually. For this program, the combination of online and in-person meet-ups allowed those involved to develop close bonds, as virtual chats allowed consistency in connection.

Erin Souza-Rezendes, director of communications for MENTOR: The National Mentoring Partnership, previously told Education Dive online mentoring offers more accessibility.

"E-mentoring models can combine the best practices of relationship building with new and evolving technology to meet young people where they are," she said.

But for students who have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences, losing touch with a trusted teacher or other adult during school closures may be traumatic. Students need regular "touch points," or targeted interventions and interactions with trusted adults whose regular contact can allow the healing and improvement of mental and physiological health.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Lost teacher-student relationships among toughest parts of school closures

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The coronavirus pandemic is testing the relationships between teachers and students as the transition from managing those connections in-person to online proves challenging, according to The Hechinger Report. For many at-risk students in particular, teachers are their main source of stability. Closures are exposing how important these relationships are.

# data[].attributes.headline
Inside the Secret World of Global Food Spies

# data[].attributes.subject
Inside the Secret World of Global Food Spies

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A bowl of ice cream on a hot day in Shanghai gave American Mitchell Weinberg the worst bout of food poisoning he can recall. It also inspired the then-trade consultant to set up Inscatech - a global network of food spies.

In demand by multinational retailers and food producers, Inscatech and its agents scour supply chains around the world hunting for evidence of food industry fraud and malpractice. In the years since he founded the New York-based firm in 2009, Weinberg says China continues to be a key growth area for fraudsters as well as those developing technologies trying to counter them.

"Statistically we're uncovering fraud about 70 percent of the time, but in China it's very close to 100 percent," he said. "It's pervasive, it's across food groups, and it's anything you can possibly imagine."

Police inspect illegal cooking oil, or "gutter oil," seized during a crackdown in Beijing in Aug. 2010. Photographer: AFP via Getty Images.

While adulteration has been a bugbear of consumers since prehistoric wine was first diluted with saltwater, scandals in China over the past decade - from melamine-laced baby formula, to rat-meat dressed as lamb - have seen the planet's largest food-producing and consuming nation become a hotbed of corrupted, counterfeit, and contaminated food.

Weinberg's company is developing molecular markers and genetic fingerprints to help authenticate natural products and sort genuine foodstuffs from the fakes. Another approach companies are pursuing uses to track and record the provenance of food from farm to plate.

"Consumers want to know where products are from," said Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, citing surveys the Shanghai-based consultancy conducted with consumers and supermarket operators.

'Business Opportunity'

Services that help companies mitigate the reputational risk that food-fraud poses is a "big growth area," according to Rein. "It's a great business opportunity," he said. "It's going to be important not just as a China play, but as a global play, because Chinese food companies are becoming part of the whole global supply chain."

Some of the biggest food companies are backing technology that grew out of the anarchic world of crypto-currencies. It's called blockchain, essentially a shared, cryptographically secure ledger of transactions.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the world's largest retailer, was one of the first to get on board, just completing using blockchain technology to track pork in China, where it has more than 400 stores. The time taken to track the meat's supply chain was cut from 26 hours to just seconds using blockchain, and the scope of the project is being widened to other products, said Frank Yiannas, Wal-Mart's vice president for food safety, in an interview.

Shanghai-based Zhong An Information and Technology Services Co. said in June, 2017, that it will use the technology to track chickens from the coop to the processing facility and on to the market or store.

Blockchain Pilot

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., too, sees the potential for the technology to provide greater product integrity across its platforms, which accounted for more then 75 percent of China's online retail sales in 2015. The planned blockchain project will involve the Chinese e-commerce behemoth working with food suppliers in Australia and New Zealand, as well as Australia Post and auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

"Food fraud is a serious global issue," said Maggie Zhou, managing director for Alibaba in Australia and New Zealand. "This project is the first step in creating a globally respected framework that protects the reputation of food merchants and gives consumers further confidence to purchase food online."

Fraud costs the global food industry as much as $40 billion annually, according to John Spink, director of Michigan State University's Food Fraud Initiative. In China, where the 2008 melamine milk crisis resulted in the death of at least six babies, it's a hot-button issue compounded by the country's for higher quality food and swelling middle class. A Pew Research Center study in 2016 found 40 percent of Chinese view food safety as a "very big problem," up from 12 percent in 2008.

Global Concern

"This is not a Chinese issue - it's a global issue," said Yongguan Zhu, director general of the Institute of Urban Environment, part of the state-funded Chinese Academy of Sciences. "What we have to do is reinforce our regulations to improve the transparency of the administration, for example information-sharing."

Farmers pour away unsold milk in Hebei Province in Sept. 2008. Photographer: China Photos/Getty Images.

Zhu says blockchain could play an important role in improving traceability. Its database of records can be built like a chain and can't be broken or re-ordered without disrupting the entire connection.

China its food safety law in 2015 in response to the spate of scandals. Counterfeiters and food tamperers face tougher penalties, including jail time in some cases, and more than $800 million has been spent hiring more food safety personnel and bolstering monitoring facilities, according to an April report from the Paulson Institute, a Washington-based think tank. Last month, Beijing emphasized to authorities the need to be upfront in food safety issues.

"Food-fraud will always exist," said Yongning Wu, chief scientist at the government-run China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment. While authorities in China have joined the global fight against the scourge, Wu doesn't see the disappearing.

"We can only develop technology to detect it," he said. "However, fake-food producers will always update their technology to dodge inspections."

Wily Scammers

The wiliness of fraudsters is what makes Inscatech's Weinberg less hopeful about blockchain. His firm mainly uses informants on the ground to sniff out where in the production process food-fraud is taking place, and most of his work in China is with western companies that manufacture or source product there.

Counterfeit liquor is tested at the Beijing administration for industry and commerce center in June 2007. Photographer: Teh Eng Koon/AFP via Getty Images.

"The problem is the data is only as reliable as the person providing the data," said Weinberg, who recalls seeing everything in China from synthetic eggs to fake shrimp that still sizzle in a wok. "In most supply chains there is one or more 'unreliable' data provider. This means blockchain is likely useless for protecting against food-fraud unless every piece of data is scrutinized to be accurate."

A months-long Bloomberg investigation into the in 2016 showed how unreliable documentation had fanned an illegal transhipping scheme involving Chinese aquaculture exporters.

But blockchain is "light years" away from the system used by the global food industry today, which relies heavily on paper records, said Yiannas, Wal-Mart's food safety chief. By recording the identity of those who input data into the chain, the technology removes the anonymity that has helped food-fraud to thrive, he said.

The role of humans in recording the supply chain will also diminish, said Yiannas. "More and more of these documents will eventually be captured in an automated way."

China's Food and Drug Administration didn't immediately respond to an email requesting comment on the country's food safety efforts.

Some companies are already bringing traceability to consumers. Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd., the world's biggest dairy exporter, started putting QR codes on cans of infant formula in April, enabling buyers to verify the product's authenticity.

Criminal Factor

The challenges for China - "the factory of the world" - are especially vast because of its size, population, multilayered administrative divisions, and "the willingness of criminals to exploit every corner that they can in order to make money," said Michael Ellis, who ran Interpol's trafficking in illicit goods unit until October of 2016.

At Interpol, Ellis, a former detective with Scotland Yard in London, was involved in " Opson," an operation that led to the seizure of more than 10,000 tons and 1 million liters (264,000 gallons) of hazardous fake-food and drinks across more than 50 countries.

Without a presence to fight it, food-fraud globally "will explode," Ellis said. "It will just continue to grow, and who knows where it will lead."
With assistance by Emma O'Brien, Jiefei Liu, Lulu Yilun Chen, Yuji Nakamura, Samuel Dodge, Shuping Niu, and Yue Qiu

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Inside the Secret World of Global Food Spies

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A bowl of ice cream on a hot day in Shanghai gave American Mitchell Weinberg the worst bout of food poisoning he can recall. It also inspired the then-trade consultant to set up Inscatech - a global network of food spies.

# data[].attributes.headline
How to play Oregon Trail and other old games online

# data[].attributes.subject
How to play Oregon Trail and other old games online

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Greetings to everyone getting by at home, especially those looking to teach remotely, entertain your family, or find connections to your own past that used to live in programs from the 1980s and 1990s.

Perhaps, locked at home with your computer, you've finally got enough time to try out our collections of games for classic Sega and Atari consoles for the very first time. Or you find yourself longing for a simpler time in your history, when Prince of Persia, Pac Man and SimCity could make your troubles disappear, if only for a few hours. Or more likely, your kids have been assigned to set off on the Oregon Trail, but you can't figure out how to begin that "long, difficult journey...that often resulted in failure and death."

For all of you video game first time explorers, here's a little boot camp for booting up Oregon Trail, and much, much more!

Jason Scott (aka "Textfiles") is the Free Range Archivist at the Internet Archive.

I'm Jason Scott, software curator at the Internet Archive, and I want to help introduce (or re-introduce) you to one of our more unique features-the ability to boot computers in your browser!

What Is Emulation in The Browser?

For more than five years, the ability to boot software, including video game consoles, computers and even handheld plastic games has brought millions through the Internet Archive's doors. It's been so extensive and even routine that it hardly gets mentioned now - it's just something that happens. But for many who suddenly find themselves online a lot more than they used to be, this feature may not be something you're aware of.

In the same way that music can be listened to inside your web browser and movies can be watched or books read, it is possible at the Internet Archive to "start" up a computer inside your browser that is running software, and that computer can be something completely different than what you're running.

Imagine an Apple II (1980s) or a Windows 3.1 (1990s) or any of a number of long-gone systems, and the software they used to run that can't be found or easily used anymore, coming back very quickly and easily, simply by clicking on a screenshot of the program and then playing it. That's what people do by the thousands every day at the Archive.

Bringing back hundreds of thousands of old software packages brings multiple advantages-the games are generally simpler and extremely clear in goals and play, and have very little connection to later phenomenons like free-to-play, advertising or social media; they're self-contained worlds, which is ideal for setting up games for children and education.

How to Use Emulation at the Archive
Any software item that can be activated will have a "Play" icon over the screenshot at the top. It looks kind of like a big power button - it's green and transparent. This means that emulation is available for that program, and you just have to click in the general area of the button for the system to start "booting up" in the browser.

Try it out now! Visit this URL: https://archive.org/details/a2_Childrens_Carrousel_1982_Dynacomp_PD using a desktop or laptop computer (mobile devices will work, but there's no keyboard to do anything). Click on the icon as it appears above, and watch as the system starts up an Apple II computer running a simple educational program called Children's Carrousel from 1982.
Where to Start Finding Software?
There are a number of messages being shown while the system is booting, meant to indicate if something has gone wrong or how long it will take for data to be loaded to your browser. If you see red error messages, or the loading seems to stop, don't worry-move onto other titles or contact me for tech support.

The hardest part of bringing materials to your students or family is finding appropriate or useful software packages out of a field of potential titles that can range from outdated or broken to simply difficult to use.

There are over 150,000 software at the Archive that can theoretically run in the browser, and naturally the collection runs from timeless classics to best-forgotten past experiments.

To help, I've assembled a collection called the Software Kids Zone: https://archive.org/details/softwarelibrary_kids - which has a bunch of chosen software packages that I have found are generally easy to use, self-explanatory, fun to play and in some way educational.
Things to Keep in Mind

Here are some tips and advice to bringing your classes or family into programs at the Archive:

Always test the software yourself, clicking on items or using keyboard commands, to make sure everything works like you expect it to. There's always a chance a program has issues past "it runs", and taking a quick tour beforehand helps remove a lot of chance and issues later.

Try to find several versions of software you want to share, or have a list that can be switched to, in case the first doesn't work. Being able to go from one geography game to another quickly is much better than having to start another search from scratch.

The best games and programs feel contemporary, even when 20 years old - it means they weren't chasing graphics or trends and were trying to build something from the ground up. If you find a program hard to use or not intuitive, skip it, and move on.

If you are working with a collection of kids or families, have videos they can watch or music they can listen to instead of using these programs, in case they run into technical issues.

Some Common Problems with Emuation in the Browser and Potential Solutions
And speaking of technical issues:

The most common issues related to emulation in the browser is that it requires a more recent desktop or laptop - the older the machine, the more likely to run into slowdowns, crackling in audio, and other issues.

Another issue is that some software is just not intuitive or needs a lengthy introduction to get working, which is not what kids or really anyone is looking for. The simpler the program, the better it generally is, so don't hesitate to switch to other titles if playing a game or package is not enjoyable or easy. There's many, many to choose from!

As above, if you need support or information or even want to ask some general questions, I'm available via e-mail at jscott@archive.org.

Some Suggested Titles

Finally, here are some programs at the Archive that are really fun and easy, and which can tell you if this great feature is right for your purposes.

Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess is an educational chess program that can not just play the game of chess, but teach all the rules about it and give historical information. It's perfect for a family to learn the game utterly from a true master. It's located here.

MathOSaurus is a dinosaur-themed mathematics educational game that quizzes you on a range of math concepts with a colorful and fun cartoon dinosaur theme. Originally for the Apple II and with great thematic elements and easy. It's located here.

The Oregon Trail is still our most popular emulated title on the Archive, and with good reason-it's well designed, a challenging and interesting experience, and kids love it. I suggest The Oregon Trail Deluxe, which has a more engaging graphical style while maintaining all the fun of the original works, which date back to the 1970s. You can find it here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A Boot Camp for Booting Up: Education and Games at the Internet Archive

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Greetings to everyone getting by at home, especially those looking to teach remotely, entertain your family, or find connections to your own past that used to live in programs from the 1980s and 1990s. Perhaps, locked at home with your computer, you've finally got enough time to try out our collections of games for classic Sega and Atari consoles for the very first time.

# data[].attributes.body
Wonderputt is a game that takes you to the kind of mini golf courses you've only imagined with mini ski slopes, UFOs, lily pads and herds of sheep that eat the grass to uncover a new green for you to play on

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Wonderputt is a radical new golf game that has you potting balls into holes on the craziest of courses. Be prepared to be absorbed in the dynamic world as new locations are revealed the further you progress.

There are 3 awards in Wonderputt. View All Awards

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Wonderputt is a radical new golf game that has you potting balls into holes on the craziest of courses. Be prepared to be absorbed in the dynamic world as new locations are revealed the further you progress. There are 3 awards in Wonderputt. View All Awards

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We recommend that you consider the date of publication and the source of the media when deciding whether it is a good resource for your child, and review everything first for age-appropriateness. C...

# data[].attributes.body
It's not stupid.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
*EPIC* British People Trying Colombian Candy - This With Them

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
As we are all stuck at home, it’s hard figuring out how we will keep the kids entertained. Well, say no more!

I’ve gathered 33 National Park Tours you can virtually. Yes, that means you can explore National Parks from the comfort of your home and in your pajamas!

All of this awesomeness is made possible by Google Earth.

Here’s 33 National Park Tours You Can Take Virtually From The Comfort Of Your Home

Below is the entire list of National Parks you can tour virtually. Click on any of the names and you’ll be taken right to that National Park. The best part is, they are all FREE admission!

Acadia National Park

Arches National Park

Badlands National Park

Big Bend National Park

Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park

Bruce Canyon National Park

Canyonlands National Park

Channel Islands National Park

Cuyahoga Valley National Park

Death Valley National Park

Denali National Park

Dry Tortugas National Park

Everglades National Park

Glacier National Park

Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Teton National Park

Great Smoky Mountain National Park

Guadalupe Mountains National Park

Joshua Tree National Park

Mesa Verde National Park

Mount Rainier National Park

Olympic National Park

Redwood National and State Parks

Rocky Mountain National Park

Sequoia National Park

Shenandoah National Park

Virgin Islands National Park

Wind Cave National Park

Yellowstone National Park

Yosemite National Park

Zion National Park

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Here's 33 National Park Tours You Can Take Virtually From The Comfort Of Your Home

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
As we are all stuck at home, it's hard figuring out how we will keep the kids entertained. Well, say no more! I've gathered 33 National Park Tours you can virtually. Yes, that means you

# data[].attributes.body
like Harry Potter books and other best sellers.

# data[].attributes.headline
Symbaloo of (some) of my favorite YouTube channels

# data[].attributes.subject
Symbaloo of (some) of my favorite YouTube channels

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
GeoGuessr is a geography game which takes you on a journey around the world and challenges your ability to recognize your surroundings.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Acceptance! #6 Super Spring Break [COVID-19]

# data[].attributes.body
One of my favorite stories/books. It's all free online and updates twice a week. I use a free voice-to-text app to listen to it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The inn was dark and empty. It stood, silent, on the grassy hilltop, the ruins of other structures around it. Rot and age had brought low other buildings; the weather and wildlife had reduced stone foundations to rubble and stout wooden walls to a few rotten pieces of timber mixed with the ground. But the inn still stood.

It was waiting. Not in a sentient, thinking way, but in the way all buildings wait. It was waiting for someone to find it. For wasn't that the purpose of an inn? And someone did find it.

A young woman stumbled through the grass, up the hill. Her knees were shaking and she was gasping for air. Her lungs burned. Her right arm was burned. Smoke was still rising from the charred fabric on one shoulder, and her legs were bleeding. Several shallow cuts had torn open her pants at the back of the legs.

But still she climbed the hill. Because of the inn. After all, there was no mistaking it. Despite the years, the building stood among the rest of the ruins, mostly untouched by the passage of time. The construction of this inn was superior to the other buildings. Or perhaps something else had kept it standing.

Regardless, that was not what attracted the young woman to it. It was merely a thought.

The inn. In every world, the inn was a symbol. From a place to meet and rest, to a meeting point from which epic quests could begin, the inn's hearth fire and warm glow at night was a beacon for the weary, the hungry, and the desperate. But this inn was dark.

The signboard over the inn was rotted, and years had worn whatever name it held away long ago. The windows were dark and shuttered, but the girl, the traveler, had nowhere else to go. Slowly, hesitantly, she stumbled towards the door and pulled at the simple handle on the door.

Nothing happened.

After a second, she pushed and the door creaked open. Mustering her courage, the young woman peered into the black room beyond. Her instincts told her it was a common room, a place where food or drink would normally be served. However, the inn was long deserted and a thick layer of dust covered every surface.

"Of course it's empty."

The intruder sighed and leaned against the doorframe, her strength exhausted. She rested her forehead on one arm, wincing as she felt her burns and the cuts on her legs. She tried not to cry. She'd known the inn was probably deserted when she'd seen it from afar. She'd known, but she'd hoped-

"Ever since I came to this world, everything's been going wrong, huh?"

Slowly, she pushed herself back upright and walked further into the room. The inn gaped darkly around her, absorbing her footfalls, looming. It had been built to hold huge crowds of people, and it was cavernous in the night. The young woman felt as if the building might swallow her, but where else could she go?

Inside was darkness. Outside was worse. There were things outside. Monsters. She'd seen them. Monsters, and an unfamiliar world. A world that wasn't hers.

Slowly, the girl stepped over to a chair and collapsed into it. A plume of dust rose and she burst into a fit of coughing. The dust was overwhelming. But she was tired. So very tired. And though it was empty, deserted of all life, and dark, the inn still called to her. Its walls offered some safety. So the young woman sat and closed her eyes for a moment.

It began to rain outside. A cold, hard rain that pattered on the rooftops and seeped through cracks. Tapping, dripping. The young woman's eyes opened a crack as the pattering became a rush of sound. The shower became a heavy downpour. That was one misfortune avoided, at least.

It was peaceful. The young woman sat back and felt the pain of her injuries fade, at least for a moment. The rainfall became background noise and she felt herself relax for the first time in what felt like ages. She decided to rest here, at least to begin with. But a thought nagged at her, something she could only voice now, in safety. So she opened her eyes and addressed the empty room.

"I'm really hungry."

Thus, the legendary tale of the Wandering Inn began.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The inn was dark and empty. It stood, silent, on the grassy hilltop, the ruins of other structures around it. Rot and age had brought low other buildings; the weather and wildlife had reduced stone foundations to rubble and stout wooden walls to a few rotten pieces of timber mixed with the ground.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hello (from the Inside) An Adele Parody by Chris Mann

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Penguins wander empty Chicago aquarium during coronavirus closure

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The bird in amber: A tiny skull from the age of dinosaurs

# data[].attributes.headline
Connect with someone through phone call or video chat

# data[].attributes.subject
Connect with someone through phone call or video chat

# data[].attributes.body
Do you believe in magic? Are you mischievous and playful? Would a pair of gossamer wings look really good on you? If so, then give into your enchanted destiny with the original fairy name generator!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Do you believe in magic? Are you mischievous and playful? Would a pair of gossamer wings look really good on you? If so, then give into your enchanted destiny with the original fairy name generator!

Regarding Fairy Names

About The Generator

This page is probably the second name generator ever published on the internet. It has been online since Emma created it in 1999 when she made it to teach herself how to code. At the time she was thinking of Tinker Bell from Peter Pan, so she designed the names to be funny, whimsical, romantic, and pretty. She wanted them to summon up a feeling of enchantment and wonder, but also to be cute and sweet.

The descriptions are inspired by the beautiful fairy paintings of Cicely Mary Barker, whose flower fairies wear leaves, moss, petals, and bell-shaped flowers as hats. They have titles like "The Sweet-Pea Fairies," "The Almond Blossom Fairy," and "The Christmas Tree Fairy." The fairies in the generator have individual appearances with their own style of clothing and pretty coloured wings like butterflies, moths, and dragonflies.

Fairies in Shakespeare

The fairy in Shakespeare's The Tempest is called Ariel. We we think Ariel would make a beautiful name for a baby girl, even though the original character was a boy. Shakespeare also mentions a fairy called Queen Mab in Romeo and Juliet, who he describes as the fairies' midwife, who helps sleepers give birth to their dreams. In A Midsummer Night's Dream, the fairy king and queen are called Oberon and Titania. The play also features a fairy character called Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, and minor characters Peasblossom, Cobweb, Moth, and Mustardseed, who are fairy servants to Titania. You will see echoes of these names in our generator!

Fairies in Films

In the Disney version of the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty, the wicked fairy queen is called Maleficent, although the Disney film titled Maleficent starring Angelina Jolie suggests she was misunderstood! The film Legend, starring a young Tom Cruise, featured a fairy called Oona, which is an Anglicization of an old Irish and Scottish Gaelic name, Una or Oonagh, which means lamb.

Fairies in Mythology

Una is also the name of a fairy queen. She is the last High Queen of the Daoine Sidhe in Irish fairy folklore. The Sidhe and also the legendary Tuatha Dé Dannan (people of the fairy goddess Dana or Danu) of Irish folklore, are sometimes thought to be gods and sometimes thought to be fairy folk. The Tuatha Dé Dannan were led by a fairy king called Nuada who was injured in a great battle and had his arm replaced with silver.

Celtic and Gaelic names are favourites for fairy characters, as the UK has a rich history of fairy mythology. In Welsh mythology Gwyn ap Nudd is the king of the Tylwyth Teg or "fair folk" and the ruler of the Welsh Otherworld.

In Arthurian legend, Morgan Le Fey, or Morgan of the Fairies, is a powerful enchantress who is a sometime enemy of King Arthur, whilst Olwen is the beautiful daughter of Ysbaddaden the Giant. In a tale originating in Norfolk, Tam Lin is a mortal man who has been captured and enchanted by a beautiful fairy woman - the queen of the fairies. We think Tam would make a great name for a baby boy.

Fairies are also associated with the Nerida (sea nymph) and the Naida (water nymph) in Greek mythology. In German and Celtic mythology they are associated with the Nyx and Nixie (water sprite).

Unnamed Fairies

Some fairies just have titles instead of names, for example, in Cinderella, the fairy is just called "The Fairy Godmother." The fairy in Pinocchio is simply called The Blue Fairy or "The Fairy with Turquoise Hair." In Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke, the wicked male fairy is given the title "The Gentleman with Thistle-Down Hair."

Fairies in Fairy Tales

Sometimes a name can be a matter of life and death! In the tale of Rumpelstiltskin, an imp extracts a promise from a poor miller's daughter to give up her first-born child to him if he spins straw into gold to save her life. The king marries her and when gives birth to her first child Rumpelstiltskin comes to collect, but he consents to give up his claim if she can guess his name within three days. On the third day she wanders in the woods searching for him and comes across his mountain hideaway, and hears him gloating, dancing around his fire and singing, "Tonight tonight, my plans I make, tomorrow, tomorrow, the baby I take. The queen will never win the game, for Rumpelstiltskin is my name!" When she guesses his real name, he stamps his foot so hard in rage that he creates a chasm and falls through the floor.

Fairy Personalities

Fairies have a reputation for mischief and trickery. Old Celtic myths about fairies suggest they can be spiteful if you cross them, but children's fairy tales suggest they are also kind and sweet to innocents who are in need of help or who have lost their way in the wilderness. Fairies are also said to be very elusive and hard to see. They are sometimes described as only being visible in the light of the full moon, as they dance around fairy rings of toadstools. Unwary travellers who stumble across these fairy gatherings can become enchanted by the singing of the fairies and drawn into the fairies' world. Such intruders are brought before the fairy queen for magical punishments or sometimes even marriage!

Fairy designed by Ddraw. Licensed under CC BY 3.0.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Do you believe in magic? Are you mischievous and playful? Would a pair of gossamer wings look really good on you? If so, then give into your enchanted destiny with the original fairy name generator! This page is probably the second name generator ever published on the internet.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the difference between jet fuel and gasoline?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the difference between jet fuel and gasoline?

# data[].attributes.body
a youtube video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Have you ever stopped to think about what exactly is 'jet fuel'? Or maybe you have dreamed of running your old car off of jet fuel and turning it into a new rocket car! Well, jet fuel and gasoline are similar, but you can't run just any car off of jet fuel.

Before I get into differences, let me share some information on the jet or aviation fuel.

Aviation fuels are one of the basic products used by an aircraft. They are heavily regulated by national and international bodies. For example, in United States organization called ASTM International regulates general standards for commercial airplanes while U.S. Department of Defense for military planes. There are two main types of jet fuel: Jet A and Jet B. They differ in quality or better yet, freezing point. Jet B is usually used for military operations and areas with bad weather.

Jet and gasoline both consist of long strings of hydrocarbons derived from the refinement of oil. Where the fuels differ is just what hydrocarbons each of the types contain. Gasoline consists of hydrocarbons that contain anywhere from 7 to 11 carbon atoms with hydrogen molecules attached. Jet fuel, on the other hand, contains hydrocarbons more in the range of 12 to 15 carbon atoms. In more colloquial terminology, jet fuel is made up mostly of kerosene.

Theoretically speaking, jets and cars could run off of the same fuel, but the environments that airplanes travel through tend to be very different than normal driving conditions. Temperatures in flight for airplanes can drop to under -40˚ C. At this low temperature, normal gasoline would likely freeze, ultimately causing proper combustion to stop. For this main reason, kerosene is good for jet fuel because it has a lower freezing point. Kerosene also has a higher flash point, which makes it much safer in preventing unplanned combustion. Given the lower freezing point of jet fuel and the higher flash point, the fuel has a much wider safe operational temperature range.

The other difference between gasoline and jet fuel is the additives injected into the mix for jet fuel. Anti-static chemicals, de-icing agents, anticorrosive agents, and anti-bacterial agents are all added to jet fuel to make sure that no unexpected circumstances are met while flying high in the sky.

Jet fuel can actually be used in cars, but only in diesel engines. Kerosene jet fuel and diesel are actually similar enough to allow for cross-functionality and would provide a similar performance. Although, I wouldn't recommend running a jet on diesel. Other than this just being a cool theoretical use, Toyota actually used jet fuel in the Toyota Hilux on their arctic truck 2012, according to Wired. According to the report, the diesel engine was able to work without standard gas.

Ultimately, the difference between gasoline and jet fuel are the hydrocarbon molecules and the additives contained in the fuel. Both are derived from crude oil, and both run their respective engines on combustion. For a quick overview of the differences between gasoline and jet fuel, you can also watch the video below.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What's the Difference Between Jet Fuel and Gasoline ?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Have you ever stopped to think about what exactly is 'jet fuel'? Or maybe you have dreamed of running your old car off of jet fuel and turning it into a new rocket car! Well, jet fuel and gasoline are similar, but you can't run just any car off of jet fuel.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Sea Otter Program has played an important role in the continued recovery of the southern sea otter population with our research, rescue, rehabilitation, and surrogacy work.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sea Otter | Live cam | Monterey Bay Aquarium

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Watch our Sea Otter Cam and see animated sea otters live now on exhibit as they swim, play with toys, lounge in ice buckets and eat during our daily feeding shows at the Monterey Bay Aquarium.

# data[].attributes.body
This is my rabbit Zumi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
subscribe to Planet Money podcast

subscribe to Planet Money podcast

When Stephon Marbury was eight years old, the Nike Air Jordan sneakers came out. Kids everywhere wanted to fly like Michael Jordan on the basketball court, and they wanted to wear the sneakers with his name on them too. But they were pricey. Stephon couldn't afford them. Lots of kids couldn't. For years, he wondered if there was a different way.

Two decades later, he had a chance to try a different way himself. When he was an NBA star, Marbury got approached by clothing company Steve & Barry's. They had a crazy idea for a sneaker, and they thought Marbury might be just the celebrity to get behind it.

Today on the show: The story of what happened when an athlete used his name not to make a shoe more expensive than it needed to be, but to make it as cheap as humanly possible.

We look at this experiment and the strange problems that arise when you make a shoe that's so much cheaper than the competition. We also find out what Stephon Marbury is doing right now, on the other side of the world, with another big plan to try a different way of doing things.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
subscribe to Planet Money podcast subscribe to Planet Money podcast When Stephon Marbury was eight years old, the Nike Air Jordan sneakers came out. Kids everywhere wanted to fly like Michael Jordan on the basketball court, and they wanted to wear the sneakers with his name on them too.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Paul Oakenfold - Radio 1 Essential Mix, Live from Space, Ibiza 25-07-1999 by Paul Oakenfold

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Since being the first ever guest DJ to record an Essential Mix for BBC Radio 1, Paul Oakenfold has gone on to record a further 35 EMs.

This archive will enable Paul Oakenfold fans new and old to listen to these legendary mixes in their entirety on demand.

Nalin & Kane - Open Your Eyes (Reworked Club Mix)
Nat Monday - Nucleus
Blondie - Nothing Is Real But The Girl (Danny Tenaglia Club Mix)
Two Fishes - Opera (Vince O'Matic Mix)
Freefall Feat. Jan Johnson - Skydive (Mara Remix)
Natious - Amber (Lightning Mix)
Boyd Westerman - Loop Life
Jens - Psycho Strings '99 (Bervoets & De Goeij Mix)
Nalin & Kane - Open Your Eyes (El Barco Para Es Vedra Mix)
The Auranaut - Yo Yo
Brainchild - Symmetry C (Lange Breakbeat Mix)
Saucermen - Aquarius (Evolution Mix)
Wonky vs Radiohead - Street Spirit (Wonky's Feel The Rush Mix)
Der Dritte Raum - Hale Bopp (Raumgleiterversion)
Planet Perfecto - Bullet In The Gun (Saturday Mix)
LSG - Shecan (WJ Henze Remix)
Skip Raiders - Another Day (Perfecto Mix)
The Source - Fly Away

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gratitude! #4: Super Spring Break [COVID-19]

# data[].attributes.body
Some of the most famous museums and art in the world can be viewed virtually!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Explore all Collections on Google Arts & Culture.

# data[].attributes.body
In the former United States, sixteen-year-old Noam Álvaro wakes up in a hospital bed, the sole survivor of the viral magic that killed his family and made him a technopath. His ability to control technology attracts the attention of the minister of defense and thrusts him into the magical elite of the nation of Carolinia. The son of undocumented immigrants, Noam has spent his life fighting for the rights of refugees fleeing magical outbreaks—refugees Carolinia routinely deports with vicious efficiency.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
24 March 2020

Don't touch me, don't talk to me, don't come near me, don't even look at me!
I have a new favourite: book, world, characters, main character, couple, villian, magic system, literally everything.

Noam Álvaro and Dara Shirazi are the best thing happened to me in 2020 so far.

I dont want you to think Im just like all the others, Noam said, hesitating there with his hand in Daras lap and Dara frowning expectantly up at him, Daras fingers loosely curled round Noams wrist.
I know youre not,
...more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Scarlett Readz and Runz....Through Novel Time & Distance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
24 March 2020 Don't touch me, don't talk to me, don't come near me, don't even look at me! I have a new favourite: book, world, characters, main character, couple, villian, magic system, literally everything. Noam Álvaro and Dara Shirazi are the best thing happened to me in 2020 so far.

# data[].attributes.body
I
Here you can explore the latest trends, research and analysis on Supply Chain and Transport:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Strategic Intelligence | World Economic Forum

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Strategic insights and contextual intelligence from the World Economic Forum. Explore and monitor the issues and forces driving transformational change across economies, industries and systems.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Americans Say "Like" In The Middle Of Sentences

# data[].attributes.body
Cooking is an awesome way to spend time!

# data[].attributes.body
This is my cat,Tigger.

# data[].attributes.body
Favorites are:

Misery Business,

For a Pessimist, I'm Pretty Optimistic,

That's What You Get,

crushcrushcrush

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
🦁 Abandoned Cub Lion From Mother | FULL EPISODE | S06E05 | Bondi Vet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Donating Rabbit Toys to Homeless Bunnies at the Shelter

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Set Your Hope On God's Plan | Steven Furtick

# data[].attributes.headline
Freakonomics - The hidden side of everything

# data[].attributes.subject
Freakonomics - The hidden side of everything

# data[].attributes.body
I love this podcast. They tell RANDOM stories.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why the World’s Best Mathematicians Are Hoarding Chalk

# data[].attributes.subject
Why the World’s Best Mathematicians Are Hoarding Chalk

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why the World’s Best Mathematicians Are Hoarding Chalk

# data[].attributes.headline
Meditating on God's Word: Scriptures to ease anxiety & fear

# data[].attributes.subject
Meditating on God's Word: Scriptures to ease anxiety & fear

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Meditating On God's Word: Scriptures To Ease Anxiety And Fear | Steven Furtick

# data[].attributes.headline
How they make a movie look like one continuous shot

# data[].attributes.subject
How they make a movie look like one continuous shot

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to make a movie look like one long shot

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
HOUSE RABBIT MAKEOVER | AGGRESSIVE RABBIT | EPISODE 4

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Kim Jones McClelland, a principal in our Principal Life group on Facebook, shared teacher Wade Whitehead's brilliant ideas for things to do during COVID closures that is now going viral, for good reason! We've added links and more ideas to these low-tech kid activities that are great for elementary kids (although I know some middle schoolers who could learn a lot from #4!).

1. Interview a family member.

Taking the time out to learn more about the people in your family might surprise your children. Get them to dig deep and think about their questions and their responses. Save these interviews so you can read them again.

2. Measure the area and perimeter of each room in your home.

This is a math skill everyone needs to know how to do. Bonus points if they do the windows too so they'll know what size curtains would work!

3. Graph the types of birds that frequent your yard or windows.

Bird watching is fascinating for everyone. Check out these tips for identifying birds. Once you've tracked your birds, make a graph to show how many of each kind were in your backyard during a certain period of time.

4. Be completely silent for 60 minutes, then write about the experience.

In a world where there are so many distractions, it's amazing what we notice when we're silent.

5. Write and mail a [real] letter to your teacher or principal or classroom pen pal. Address the envelope yourself.

Learning to write a letter and address an envelope is important even in the age of email. The thrill of getting a letter in the mail cannot be overestimated.

6. Build a "fable fort" out of blankets and chairs. Camp in it all day while you create stories to tell your family over dinner.

Human beings love telling stories. What's a fable? Learn about them and read some here.

7. Learn Morse Code and use it to communicate with your siblings through walls and floors.

It's pretty fun (and clever) to use Morse Code as a way to keep messages hidden.

8. Alphabetize the spices in your kitchen.

Think only books can be alphabetized? The cook in your family will appreciate an organized spice cabinet.

9. Stay up late and stargaze.

When you don't have to go to school in the morning, it can be okay to stay up late once in a while. Stretch out and watch the stars. If kids are curious about them, show them how to learn more.

10. Call a grandparent or older relative. Ask them to teach you the words to a song from their childhood days.

Just like #1, this is something that can really help kids learn more about the people in their lives.

Use this quiet time to tinker and consider how things are made.

12. Determine and chart the times that different liquids require to turn solid in the freezer.

You know that game where kids blindfold each other and then do taste tests with things like hot sauce and beet juice? This one is less messy, or likely to start sibling arguments.

13. Design and build puppets that perform a show about multiplication.

Thinking about things in new ways drives new learning. It'll be fun to get puppets teaching about math, and really nothing helps kids solidify their understanding than teaching someone else.

14. Construct a family tree.

Make this one wide-open and out of the box. Challenge your kids to create any kind of tree they want and include anyone who they consider to be family.

15. Learn ten new big words. Write them in marker on your bathroom mirror.

Don't worry, marker comes off mirrors easily. Meanwhile, yay for big words like: ubiquitous, flippant, and redundant.

16. Draw a map of your home and neighborhood.

In addition to be an important part of understanding how maps work, this activity helps kids define their world. Bonus tip: choose a safe place near your home on the map to meet family members in an emergency.

17. Sit silently for 15 minutes while you write down every sound you hear. When you are done, classify the sounds (high/low pitch, high/low volume, manmade v. naturally occurring, etc.).

Number 4 started kids off paying attention to silence. In this activity, let's get kids making comparisons.

18. Create a Venn Diagram that compares and contrasts two people connected to you in anyway.

Understanding that people who seem very different may have a lot of similarities shifts our perspective and creates room for kindness and understanding.

19. Learn, practice, and perform a magic trick.

From the bendable spoon to the floating card trick, learning magic tricks takes practice. But, when magic works, it's the best.

20 Learn, practice, and tell three new jokes.

Everyone is going to need to laugh in the coming days of social distancing. Here are some jokes to get them started.

21. Use household materials to make and play stringed, percussion, and wind instruments.

Making instruments can be as easy as banging on a pot with a spoon, or you can try out these other ways to make instruments out of household goods.

22. Learn to shine a pair of shoes.

Shining shoes used to be more common when people wore sneakers only to do exercise, but it's important to take care of the things you own.

23. Collect leaves from ten different (non-harmful) plants. Sort them by size, color, and texture.

Go outside and find ten different leaves and then compare them!

24. Put your favorite book, toy, and keepsake on a small table in sunlight. Draw or paint a full color still life.

This is a great way to express your love for something. For a variation on this, try out different ways to paint the still life "like" a famous artist.

25. Find, pick, and dissect a flower.

Think and act like a scientist when you choose a flower and carefully take apart its parts. Not sure what every part is? Check out this site to learn more about dissecting a flower.

26. If you have stairs, walk up and count them. Walk down and count by twos. Walk up and count by threes. Continue through tens.

This simple math practice trick gets kids thinking about numbers and exercising!

27. Determine the volumes of ten containers, them display them in order on your porch.

Not sure how to determine volume? Learn more about measuring volume here.

28. Write a poem on your sidewalk using chalk.

Writing poetry is freeing because there aren't a lot of rules. Or you can establish a rule and see how different people think about it. For example, write a poem about snow without using the words white or cold.

29. Classify twenty everyday objects by shape, size, color, height, mass, and material.

Learning how to classify and organize things is a skill that's helpful for reading, math, science, and history. In other words-everything.

30. Measure the length of your bed using five different nonstandard units.

My bed is 126 pieces of sea glass long, how long is yours?

31. Call a person who speaks a language you do not. Ask them to teach you five common words or phrases.

If you can't do this, change your tv shows to a different language and try to figure out what is happening.

32. Create and use a secret code.

In #7, we worked with Morse Code, now make up your own code. Send people messages in code, have them figure it out, and write back!

33. Using one type of paper (constant), build three different paper airplanes (independent variable) and test to see how far they fly (dependent variable).

34. Set a clock three hours and seven minutes ahead. Whenever someone needs to know the time, help them figure it out by subtracting.

This is both irritating and totally fun. Maybe -3 hrs 07 min can be your new family time zone!

35. Write down every adjective you say for one full day.

Depending on how much your child talks during the day, this might take a while.

36. Color in a map with every state you (or your family) ever visited.

Not only is it important to know where all the states are located, but this is a great way to set travel goals. Try this map for a digital one.

37. Write or tell a story titled "What if humans had to leave the Earth and no one remembered to turn off the last robot?"

Try using some read alouds like The Wild Robot by Peter Brown as a jumping off point.

38. Find ten rocks smaller than a dime.

Kids have the best eyes for this kind of thing. Give them each a dime so they can compare and an old yogurt container to hold the rocks.

39. Using paper, tape, and string, design, build, and test a device that warns you when someone opens the kitchen cabinet.

Developing ideas that can be helpful for human beings is one of the best skills we can develop in kids. If you want to dig a little deeper, teach them about engineering design to help them plan and execute.

40. Imagine, create, and fly a full size flag that tells the world about you.

Everyone deserves to fly their own flag. Talk to kids about symbols and give them the creative stuff they need create their own flag: markers, crayons, paper, fabric, glitter, glue.
There's going to be a lot of time to fill in the coming weeks, but no one needs to be bored. We hope these ideas give you lots to think about. We'd love to hear about other things to do during COVID closures, too! Please share in the comments. Plus, more hands-on activities kids can do at home.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
This Principal's List of Things to Do During COVID Closures Is Going Viral for All the Right Reasons

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kim Jones McClelland, a principal in our Principal Life group on Facebook, shared teacher Wade Whitehead's brilliant ideas for things to do during COVID closures that is now going viral, for good reason! We've added links and more ideas to these low-tech kid activities that are great for elementary kids (although I know some middle schoolers who could learn a lot from #4!).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
10 Positive Updates on the COVID-19 Outbreaks From Around the World

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If it seems that your news feed has been flooded with nerve-wracking updates on the COVID-19 outbreaks, have no fear-there are also plenty of positive updates on the pandemic as well. So without any further ado, here is a list of 10 hopeful headlines on the coronavirus response from around the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Last Saturday afternoon, Kristina Moy decided to swing by her local supermarket in the US city of Seattle to pick up some weekly groceries and supplies for her son's upcoming baseball tournament.

What started as a quick errand turned into a three-hour ordeal, navigating checkout lanes packed with hundreds of shoppers stocking up amid the outbreak of coronavirus.

Moy, a resident of Washington state, was well aware Governor Jay Inslee had that day declared a state of emergency following the announcement of the first US death related to Covid-19.

"For the most part, people were understanding and relatively calm. But patience was definitely starting to grow thin," says Moy, who tweeted images of long queues and people with trolleys loaded with bottled water.

"Toilet paper and milk were flying off the shelves faster than I could count, and carbonated water was just about empty."

Moy isn't the only one to experience long queues and empty shelves. Mass demand for rice and instant noodles in Singapore prompted Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong to assure the public there was enough to go around. In Auckland, New Zealand, supermarket spending shot up 40% last Saturday compared to the same day a year ago. And shoppers in Malaysia wanting to pad "pandemic pantries" - grocery hoards to fill people's kitchens until the crisis dies down - have driven an 800% increase in weekly hand sanitiser sales. (All of those places have confirmed cases of Covid-19.)

These are the real-world consequences of panic buying - a phenomenon that happens in the face of a crisis that can drive up prices and take essential goods out of the hands of people who need them most (such as face masks for health workers).

So why do people do it? Experts say the answer lies in a fear of the unknown, and believing that a dramatic event warrants a dramatic response - even though, in this case, the best response is something as mundane as washing your hands.
The downsides of panic buying
With events like looming natural disasters, such as a hurricane or flood, people frequently stock up with emergency supplies.

"It is rational to prepare for something bad that looks like it is likely to occur," says David Savage, associate professor of behavioural and microeconomics at the University of Newcastle in Australia, who's written about the rationality behind stocking up in a crisis. However: "It is not rational to buy 500 cans of baked beans for what would likely be a two-week isolation period."

This type of behaviour can make shortages worse - like, for example, when Hurricane Harvey hit oil-rich Houston, Texas in 2017. Precautions taken by refineries, as well as eventual flooding, temporarily stalled the supply of petrol and diesel in the US. That was expected, but the problem got worse when people flocked to petrol stations and panic-filled their cars, contributing to a two-year high in petrol prices.

Irrational stockpiling can also lead to price gouging, says Steven Taylor, a professor and clinical psychologist at the University of British Columbia, and the author of The Psychology of Pandemics. "If the price of a roll of toilet paper is tripled, that's seen as a scarcer commodity to acquire, which can lead to anxiety," he says.

The supply of face masks has also been strained. The US government has recommended people stop buying them - not only because surgical masks aren't sufficient protection from Covid-19, but because there may not be enough for healthcare professionals who need them to do their jobs.

The fact that supply-chain juggernaut China is at the centre of the spread of coronavirus has exacerbated panic buying, says Ben Oppenheim, senior director at San Francisco-based infectious disease research firm Metabiota.

"A lot of the narrative has focused on the disruption of global production and supply chains. There's uncertainty about whether we'll see shortages in medicines, masks and other consumables, and that uncertainty needs to get clarified and addressed," he says.
The psychology of panic buying
There's a clear difference between disaster preparation and panic buying, says Taylor.

In the case of a hurricane or flood, most people have a fair idea of the items they may need in the event of a blackout or a water shortage. But since it's unclear at this stage just what effects Covid-19 will have, there's a lot of uncertainty driving this spending.

Panic buying, Taylor says, is fuelled by anxiety, and a willingness to go to lengths to quell those fears: like queueing for hours or buying way more than you need.

We've seen this before throughout history. Back in 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis, when nuclear war seemed imminent, American families filled their basements with enough canned goods and bottled water to survive an atomic blast.

Then there was Y2K at the turn of the millennium. Amid fears that a catastrophic glitch when computers' internal clocks reset to "00" for the year 2000 could crash global markets or send missiles flying, people didn't just hoard lots of nonperishables and bottled water, but money, too - in 1999, the US Treasury was ordered to print an extra $50bn in the expectation that people would withdraw and stockpile cash.

Panic buying helps people feel in control of the situation, experts say.

"Under circumstances like these, people feel the need to do something that's proportionate to what they perceive is the level of the crisis," Taylor says. "We know that washing your hands and practicing coughing hygiene is all you need to do at this point.

"But for many people, hand-washing seems to be too ordinary. This is a dramatic event, therefore a dramatic response is required, so that leads to people throwing money at things in hopes of protecting themselves."

Oppenheim agrees. "It's probably true that panic buying is ultimately a psychological mechanism to deal with our fear and uncertainty; a way to assert some control over the situation by taking an action."

Savage also points to another principle at play: loss aversion. It's the idea that you don't want to miss out. "Losing $100 feels worse than winning $100," he says. "If we later realise that we needed the toilet paper and we didn't get it when we had the chance, we will really feel bad."

Finally, herd mentality also adds to this behaviour. The experts say the fact that panic buying is happening at all can prompt people to participate.

"[Panic buying is] getting excessive play in social media and news media, and that amplifies the sense of scarcity, which worsens the panic buying," Taylor says. "There's these snowball effects of a further increased sense of urgency."

"If everyone else on the Titanic is running for the lifeboats, you're going to run too, regardless if the ship's sinking or not," he says.

A natural reaction?
Some researchers think the "panic" label used can be a bit misleading, however, and that true "panic" is rare, reserved for situations where death is imminent.

"Panic is a subjective, emotional state, and mostly what we can observe is the behaviour," says Oppenheim. "Maybe someone reads articles or a couple of tweets about supply chain disruptions in China and mask shortages in Hong Kong, and then makes a very reasoned decision to stock up on masks just in case. All we can infer from the purchasing is the timing, so it could look panicky even if it's well thought through."

In a 2010 study, Owen Kulemeka of the University of Illinois wrote that panic and antisocial behaviours don't characterise pre-disaster shopping. Instead, most of these shoppers are simply organised, and "those who delay purchasing cite conflicting information from forecasters and a lack of resources (they fear buying supplies that will be wasted if a storm does not occur) as reasons for waiting until the last minute". In Hong Kong, some experts posit that panic buying could be what happens when public trust in the government to handle such a crisis hits an all-time low.

In addition, there is continuity to how people react to mass crises, says Helene Joffe, a professor of psychology at University College London.

"In order to face the threatening unknown, people draw on what they already know about seemingly similar threats," she says. She mentions how some have linked Covid-19 to Sars, a different coronavirus which generated global headlines of its own back in 2003. She points out that there were fewer cases, but more fatalities proportionately. "So, links to Sars would attenuate [or] dampen one's sense of risk. Others have linked it to the Black Death, which, of course, would amplify the sense of risk."

The critical ingredient is good information, Oppenheim says. "If we can address public fears and uncertainty, we can potentially reduce panic and last-minute buying."
The alternatives to panic buying
A better plan than panic buying would be to be prepared all year round for possible emergencies or crises. It's also worth keeping everyone else's needs in mind as these types of events unfold: stock up on what you and your family need, but avoid the urge to hoard enough supplies to fill a doomsday bunker. Because when individual panic buying plays out collectively, that's what can lead to price gouging, or low supplies for high-risk individuals who need things like face masks more than the general population does.

It's also worth noting that quality sources of information are always vital for avoiding rumours and falsities. In Japan, social media rumours erroneously claimed toilet and tissue paper supplies were running low as China would no longer export these products. To stop panic buying, local officials and industry associations had to make statements reminding people that almost all toilet and tissue paper was locally manufactured and there were plenty of supplies.

"Anxiety needs to be acknowledged and managed," Joffe says. "We do not want complacency, but high levels of anxiety are not useful to prepare [or] prevent catching it."

Perhaps, if you're feeling compelled to panic buy, it might be worth asking what it is you're really afraid of. "If people are really getting distressed and anxious about this, then perhaps they should seek out help from a mental health professional," Taylor says.

As for the shoppers on the ground who are just trying to do their weekly family grocery run, Kristina Moy in Seattle says she learned the hard way how to deal with the throngs of panic-shoppers in her community.

"Next time, I would definitely wait for the crowds to die down or simply order my supplies from Amazon," she says. "It was a three-hour experience I really don't ever want to do again."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Coronavirus: The psychology of panic buying

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Last Saturday afternoon, Kristina Moy decided to swing by her local supermarket in the US city of Seattle to pick up some weekly groceries and supplies for her son's upcoming baseball tournament. What started as a quick errand turned into a three-hour ordeal, navigating checkout lanes packed with hundreds of shoppers stocking up amid the outbreak of coronavirus.

# data[].attributes.body
https://stories.audible.com/discovery

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
20 Virtual Field Trips to Take with Your Kids - Adventures in Familyhood

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Explore zoos, aquariums, museums and destinations around the world without leaving home. Here are 20 virtual field trips you can take with your kids.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Welcome to the Library of Congress teen page! Explore below, discover something new, make something amazing, and connect with us.

# data[].attributes.headline
Day-by-Day activities you can access online

# data[].attributes.subject
Day-by-Day activities you can access online

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Raise a reader by getting the best book recommendations, reading tips, and discounts delivered straight to your inbox.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
As China's most famous attraction, the Great Wall of China is an essential stop on all China tours. Commonly considered a wonder of the world, the Great Wall boasts a history of over 2,000 years and stretches more than 3,000 miles across several provinces of northern China, making it one of the most impressive ancient structures on the planet.

Virtual Tour of the Great Wall of China

Best Sections to Visit

Beijing is usually considered the main gateway to the Great Wall, since there are several world-famous sections of the Wall in the suburbs of Beijing, including Badaling, Mutianyu, Jinshanling, Juyongguan, Gubeikou, and Jiankou. These sections were built during the Ming dynasty between the 14th and 17th centuries and have been well preserved.

Of all the sections of the Great Wall near Beijing, Badaling is the most famous one. As a result, Badaling is the destination of choice for many large tour groups and is often very crowded. The nearby Juyongguan Great Wall features one of the three great mountain passes of the Great Wall but is almost as crowded as Badaling.

Mutianyu Great Wall is just as close as Badaling and offers wonderful views of the Great Wall and the surrounding hills with far fewer tourists. This section of the Wall also features a thrilling toboggan run that you can ride from the top of the Wall down to the bottom of the hill.

Due to their proximity, Badaling, Juyongguan, and Mutianyu are all doable as a half-day trip from downtown Beijing. We usually recommend Mutianyu over Badaling or Juyongguan, since the massive crowds at the latter two sections can ruin one's experience of this impressive structure.

Further away from Beijing, Jinshanling Great Wall is about 150 km northeast of downtown and it usually takes about two and a half hours to drive there. Despite the longer drive, Jinshanling is among the most stunning sections of the Great Wall. If your itinerary allows for one full day seeing the Great Wall, then we highly recommend a tour to Jinshanling.

Gubeikou and Jiankou can also be visited within a day tour from Beijing. Both sections have not been restored since they were first built in the Ming Dynasty, making them ideal choices for those who want to hike and experience the wild Great Wall. Do be aware that the Jiankou section features very steep and dangerous climbs and is only suitable for experienced hikers.

There are also some other famous sections of the Great Wall within or outside Beijing, such as Huanghuacheng, Simatai, and Shanhaiguan, but we only recommend these if you are visiting the Great Wall for a second time or planning a multi-day, in-depth Great Wall tour.

Great Wall Hiking and Camping

Due to its original purpose as a military defense, almost all sections of Great Wall were built on mountain ranges and thus involve some challenging climbs and uneven stairs, including the well-restored sections. If you are visiting a restored section but hike to the end of the renovated part, you will be able to see the unrestored part of the Great Wall.

For most visitors, Mutianyu and Jinshanling offer good, medium difficulty hikes, while still being very safe. For those looking for a serious hike along wild, unrestored portions of the Wall, we suggest the Jinshanling to Jinshanling East, or Gubeikou to Jinshanling routes. All these routes boast both unrestored and picturesque renovated sections of the Wall. However, please be aware that hikes along wild, unrestored parts of the Great Wall involve many steep climbs and loose bricks, and can be very dangerous in some places. (People can no longer hike through from Jinshanling to Simatai since the route was closed years ago.)

Camping on the Great Wall is usually banned, especially on the renovated sections. If you want to spend a night sleeping on the Great Wall, we can take you to a watchtower on the Gubeikou section of the Great Wall to experience the life of an ancient soldier and catch amazing sunrise/sunset views over the Wall.

Best Time to Visit

For all sections of the Great Wall near Beijing, the spring months (April to June) offer temperate weather and are great for climbing. In late April to early May, many trees begin to blossom, making this a particularly beautiful period to visit the Wall. Fall is also a nice time to visit, as temperatures are usually comfortable. October to early November are particularly picturesque, as the tree leaves on the mountains begin to change color. The winter months, from December to February, are cold and can be windy, but there are usually far fewer tourists on the Wall during these months. July and August are hot and humid, and thus not the best for long hikes. In addition, it's best to avoid hiking on the Wall after rain or snowfall because some parts can get very slippery.

You should also avoid visiting the popular sections, such as Badaling, Juyongguan, and Mutianyu, around National Day (the first week in October) and Spring Festival. August is also a busy time for the Badaling and Juyongguan sections, since students are on summer vacation and many families travel to these famous sections with their kids before the new school year starts. Learn more about how to avoid the crowds when traveling in China.

Great Wall of China Private Tour Packages

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
As China's most famous attraction, the Great Wall of China is an essential stop on all China ... Virtual Tour of the Great Wall of China ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
GRACE Gorilla Forest Corridor | Explore.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Watch live video of gorillas at the Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education Center (GRACE) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa. Watch as the gorilla's pass through, graze on vegetation, and make their nest for their overnight slumber

# data[].attributes.headline
Youtube Playlist: Personality Types & your Career

# data[].attributes.subject
Youtube Playlist: Personality Types & your Career

# data[].attributes.headline
Take a 3.5 minute break to swim with a turtle by watching this 

# data[].attributes.subject
Take a 3.5 minute break to swim with a turtle by watching this 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With Google Podcasts, you can find and listen to the world's podcasts for free.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Free Coloring Books from World-Class Libraries & Museums: The Met, New York Public Library, Smithsonian & More

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Calling all coloring book lovers. You can now take part in #ColorOurCollections 2017-a campaign where museums and libraries worldwide will make available free coloring books, letting you color artwork from their collections and then share it on Twitter and other social media platforms.

# data[].attributes.body
Share it with your friends

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Resilience! #7 Super Spring Break [COVID 19 Vlog]

# data[].attributes.headline
Project Gutenberg is a library of over -60,000- free eBooks!!

# data[].attributes.subject
Project Gutenberg is a library of over -60,000- free eBooks!!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Project Gutenberg is a library of over 70,000 free eBooks

Choose among free epub and Kindle eBooks, download them or read them online. You will find the world's great literature here, with focus on older works for which U.S. copyright has expired. Thousands of volunteers digitized and diligently proofread the eBooks, for you to enjoy.

No fee or registration! Everything from Project Gutenberg is gratis, libre, and completely without cost to readers. If you find Project Gutenberg useful, please consider a small donation to help Project Gutenberg digitize more books, maintain its online presence, and improve Project Gutenberg programs and offerings. Other ways to help include digitizing, proofreading and formatting, or reporting errors.

New donation option with Give Freely. More information....

No special apps needed! Project Gutenberg eBooks require no special apps to read, just the regular Web browsers or eBook readers that are included with computers and mobile devices. There have been reports of sites that charge fees for custom apps, or for the same eBooks that are freely available from Project Gutenberg. Some of the apps might have worthwhile features, but none are required to enjoy Project Gutenberg eBooks.

50 years of eBooks 1971-2021. In 2021, Project Gutenberg celebrated the first eBook for reading enjoyment and unlimited free redistribution. This eBook was created on July 4, 1971 by Project Gutenberg's founder, Michael S. Hart. Read more about this lasting innovation. Project Gutenberg is grateful to all volunteers who helped to reach this milestone anniversary. Project Gutenberg offers a vibrant and growing collection of the world's great literature. Read, enjoy, and share!

Find Free eBooks

Audio books

Audio books are a great way to enjoy and share literature. Project Gutenberg no longer adds new audio books to the collection, and suggests these audio book resources. These audio books are all freely available and in the public domain in the US. They may be easily played back on computers, tablets, mobile phones, and other devices. They may be shared non-commercially, without limitation except in countries where the printed source is still copyrighted. All of the sources listed below are digitizations of texts from Project Gutenberg.

Project Gutenberg's human-read audio books. 662 titles read by people, sometimes with sound effects or other enhancements. These are from a few different contributors.

Project Gutenberg's computer-generated audio books. 386 titles from 2003, using text-to-speech automation. These are listenable but relatively low quality compared to today's technology.

Human-read audio books from LibriVox. LibriVox is a volunteer community that produces high-quality performances that are done by many different volunteers. Follow the link to find audio books, and also to help create new audio books.

The Project Gutenberg Open Audiobook Collection. Almost 5,000 titles from 2023, via a Project Gutenberg collaboration with Microsoft and MIT. These use neural text-to-speech technology for more natural-sounding computer-generated audio books. These audio books are also available on major music/podcast platforms as well as The Internet Archive. Project Gutenberg and partners were recognized by TIME for this work in their Best Inventions of 2023.

Get Help

How to Help

Distributed Proofreaders welcomes new volunteers. This is the main source of new Project Gutenberg eBooks. Getting started is easy, and just a page a day will help!

Fix and improve Project Gutenberg by reporting errors, bugs, typos, and suggesting changes.

Record audiobooks with our friends at LibriVox.

Special Areas

Terms of Use

Project Gutenberg eBooks may be freely used in the United States because most are not protected by U.S. copyright law. They may not be free of copyright in other countries. Readers outside of the United States must check the copyright terms of their countries before accessing, downloading or redistributing eBooks. We also have a number of copyrighted titles, for which the copyright holder has given permission for unlimited non-commercial worldwide use.

The Project Gutenberg website is for human users only. Use of automated tools to access the website may trigger a block of your access. This site utilizes cookies, captchas and related technologies to help assure the site is maximally available for human users. See full terms of use here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Project Gutenberg is a library of free eBooks.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Send Feedback

To save, right click the thumbnail and choose Save Image As....

Drag colors to blend.

Press Space to start anew.

Press Z to undo.

Try different colors and symmetries.

Sally forth, you weaver of wonder, sower of silken waves.

# data[].attributes.headline
Play around with free electronic music apps

# data[].attributes.subject
Play around with free electronic music apps

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Not to be left out, Korg is doing the same for its Kaossilator apps, which normally cost close to $20. Android artists can grab the software for no charge until March 20th, 2020, while the iOS crowd has until March 31st to get iKaossilator. Either app makes the most sense if you're more into looping audio and variety than strict technical realism, but that may be all you need to add some spice to a future hit.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Moog and Korg make synth apps free to help musicians stuck at home

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you're a musician (or fan) whose concerts got scrapped over coronavirus concerns, you'll at least have more tools to produce music when you're at home. To start, Moog has made its Minimoog Model D iOS synth app available for free.