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1.Thomas Payne's pamphlet, Common Sense, played a crucial role in convincing American colonists to fight for independence.

2.The Declaration of Independence, written by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson, outlined important ideas of liberalism and republicanism.

3.General Washington faced challenges in the New York campaign but managed to achieve a surprise victory at the Battle of Trenton in 1776.

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Brownell explores colonial grievances preceding the Revolution, particularly regarding British policies such as the Proclamation Line of 1763, the Sugar Act, and the Stamp Act. The text highlights the colonists' objections to taxation without representation, exemplified by John Dickinson's "Letters from a Farmer." Ultimately, it delves into the philosophical and legal justifications for colonial resistance to British authority, leading to the breakdown of the colonial relationship with the mother country.

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American Revolution 3 ─ Boston Massacre 波士頓大屠殺

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American Revolution 4 ─ Boston Tea Party 波士頓茶葉事件

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American Revolution 5 ─ Declaration of Independence 獨立宣言

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American Revolution 6 ─ Battles of Saratoga 薩拉托加戰

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How do the ideas of independence and fighting for one's rights resonate with you in your own life? Reflect on a time when you felt the need to stand up for something you believed in.

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Consider the concept of 'fighting retreats' mentioned in the text. Have you ever been in a situation where you had to make strategic decisions to protect yourself or others? Reflect on that experience and discuss the challenges you faced.

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Reflect on the significance of Thomas Payne's pamphlet, 'Common Sense', in shaping the American Revolution. How do you think the power of persuasive writing can influence historical events?

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Discuss the impact of the Declaration of Independence on the formation of a separate nation. How do you think this document continues to shape the identity and values of the United States today?

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Examine the role of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Reflect on the importance of collaboration and teamwork in achieving significant goals.

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Think about the concept of fighting for freedom and independence. Reflect on a historical or contemporary example where individuals or groups fought against oppression or injustice. What lessons can be learned from their struggle?

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Reflect on the importance of strategic decision-making in challenging situations. Share an experience where you had to carefully plan your actions to achieve a desired outcome.

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Discuss the impact of Thomas Payne's 'Common Sense' on inspiring people to take action. Reflect on a time when a piece of writing or speech motivated you to make a change or pursue a goal.

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1. The Townshend Act of the 1760s levied taxes on essential commodities like glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea, crucial items that colonists had to purchase from British merchants, heightening tensions in Boston.

2. The Boston Massacre unfolded in 1770, triggered by a mob's provocation of British soldiers stationed at the Customs House. The confrontation led to violent clashes, with both sides exchanging projectiles and gunfire.

3. Despite conflicting accounts of the event's instigation, the Boston Massacre resulted in casualties among the colonists and further inflamed anti-British sentiments.

4. The incident fueled increased protests and disturbances in Boston, prompting a heightened military presence by the British Empire in the city.

5. The aftermath of the Boston Massacre set the stage for escalating conflict between colonists and British authorities, marking a significant turning point in the tensions leading up to the American Revolution.

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1. The Townshend Act of the 1760s levied taxes on essential commodities like glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea, crucial items that colonists had to purchase from British merchants, heightening tensions in Boston.

2. The Boston Massacre unfolded in 1770, triggered by a mob's provocation of British soldiers stationed at the Customs House. The confrontation led to violent clashes, with both sides exchanging projectiles and gunfire.

3. Despite conflicting accounts of the event's instigation, the Boston Massacre resulted in casualties among the colonists and further inflamed anti-British sentiments.

4. The incident fueled increased protests and disturbances in Boston, prompting a heightened military presence by the British Empire in the city.

5. The aftermath of the Boston Massacre set the stage for escalating conflict between colonists and British authorities, marking a significant turning point in the tensions leading up to the American Revolution.

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Reflect on a time when you felt tensions were high in your own life. How did you handle the situation? What lessons can you draw from the events described in the text?

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The importance of the Battle of Saratoga(French)

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The importance of the Battle of Saratoga(French)

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Valley Forge→Thomas Paine “The Crisis”

Battle of Yorktown

Treaty of Paris

A change for European powers

The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the revolutionary war. The victory of the battle not only stopped the British but also convinced the French to give official military and economic aid to the Americans. Soon after at Valley Forge, the Americans underwent a harsh winter. During the time, Thomas Paine wrote a piece of words called “The Crisis” to encourage the soldiers. Then it came to the Battle of Yorktown, the last major battle of the revolutionary war. Thanks to the French army and several important allies , the Americans won and ended the war. In 1783, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty of Paris, which was the recognition by the British Empire of the independence of the United States. Furthermore, it also changed the sphere of influence of the European powers.

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Why did the English Parliament choose to tax essential commodities like glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea?

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Why did the English Parliament choose to tax essential commodities like glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea?

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1.What reasons could push the French to give official military and economic aid to support America?

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Why did the wig store clerk have a quarrel with a British military officer?

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Why did the wig store clerk have a quarrel with a British military officer?

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2.Why was New York one of those key areas that the British wanted to try and control?

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Q4.How did the Boston Massacre change the colonists' perception of the British?

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Q4.How did the Boston Massacre change the colonists' perception of the British?

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Q5.What were the long-term effects of the Townshend Act?

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Q5.What were the long-term effects of the Townshend Act?

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Think about the concept of freedom and its value. What does freedom mean to you personally? How does the pursuit of freedom by the American colonists resonate with your own understanding of liberty and independence?

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The nine of liberty used the tactics of intimidation strongly against the British government.The British wanted to collect stamp taxes from the American people, but the people were dissatisfied and threatened the tax collector, hoping that he would not collect the tax. After the fall of the consuls, protests continued until the Battle of Bunker's Hill, where dead British soldiers were insulted by the Americans at the end of the war.

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Why are they so insistent about personal rights?

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In the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain imposed taxes on its American colonies to recoup war debts, leading to widespread resistance. The Townshend Acts of 1767 intensified this resistance, resulting in boycotts and protests. Despite repealing most of the Townshend Acts in 1770, Britain retained the tax on tea, sparking further opposition. Colonial smuggling and boycotts caused financial troubles for the East India Company. This period of tension and resistance set the stage for the American Revolutionary War.

Great Britain introduced The Tea Act in 1773 to assert control over the American colonies and assist the struggling East India Company. This act allowed the company to sell tea directly to the colonies, bypassing middlemen. Despite reducing the price of tea, colonists saw it as a threat to their autonomy. Samuel Adams and others continued to protest, invoking "no taxation without representation." In Boston, protestors prevented tea consignees from unloading shipments. Governor Hutchinson resisted, leading to a standoff. On December 16, 1773, protestors, led by Samuel Adams, prevented the unloading or use of tea, culminating in the Boston Tea Party.

It was organized by the Sons of Liberty, a well-coordinated protest against British taxation. Disguised as Mohawk warriors, the participants boarded three tea ships, smashed open 342 chests of tea, and dumped them into Boston Harbor. The event, supported by figures like Samuel and John Adams, was seen as a defense of colonial rights, although leaders such as Benjamin Franklin and George Washington disapproved. The British responded with the Coercive Acts, which closed Boston Harbor and imposed martial law, uniting colonial opposition and leading to the First Continental Congress and the Revolutionary War. Despite the repeal of the Tea Act in 1778, the cultural impact of the Tea Party diminished tea drinking in favor of coffee, marking a significant step towards war with Great Britain.

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Why are protesters pretending to be Indians?

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Why did the colonized people complain about the Stamp Act in 1765?

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Why did they use such a brutal tactic to petition?

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Why were they so insistent on fighting the Stamp Act instead of other collections of taxes?

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Whose motto is "No taxation without representation？

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What are the two impacts of the Boston Tea Party?

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How is taxation related to representation in America?

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Discuss a situation where you witnessed or experienced acts of protest or resistance. How did these actions impact the outcome?

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Consider the power of the media and its influence on public perception. Can you think of any recent events where the media's portrayal may have shaped public opinion? How does this relate to the way the press presented the Boston Tea Party?

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How did the Boston Tea Rebellion reflect colonial dissatisfaction with British government policies at the time? If we are dissatisfied with government policies, how should we express ourselves in modern times?

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How did the Boston Tea Rebellion reflect colonial dissatisfaction with British government policies at the time? If we are dissatisfied with government policies, how should we express ourselves in modern times?

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American Revolution 1 ─ No taxation without representation 無代表，不納稅