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The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

-Maria Casares

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ThevWar Powers Act of 1973 is a federal law intended to check the presidents power to commit the United States to an armed confect without the consent of congress.

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The Pentagon Papers, officially titled United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were discovered and released by Daniel Ellsberg, and first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of The New York Times in 1971. A 1996 article in The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress.

-Maria Casares

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The Credibility Gap was a satirical comedy team comprising Harry Shearer, Richard Beebe, David L. Lander and Michael McKean.[1] Lew Irwin, John Gilliland, Thom Beck, and Len Chandler also performed in their early days. They emerged in the late 1960s doing comedic commentary on the news for the Los Angeles AM rock radio station KRLA 1110, and proceeded to develop more elaborate and ambitious satirical routines on the “underground” station KPPC-FM, Pasadena, California.

-America Espinosa

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The Kent State shootings (also known as the May 4 massacre or the Kent State massacre) occurred at Kent State University in the US city of Kent, Ohio, and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, May 4, 1970. The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent

- Maria Casares

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Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end U.S. involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops". Brought on by the Viet Cong's Tet Offensive, the policy referred to U.S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by the U.S. Air Force, as well as the support to South Vietnam, consistent with the policies of U.S. foreign military assistance organizations. U.S. citizens' mistrust of their government that had begun after the offensive worsened with the release of news about U.S. soldiers massacring civilians at My Lai, the invasion of Cambodia, and the leaking of the Pentagon Papers.

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Henry Alfred Kissinger is an American diplomat and political scientist. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. For his actions negotiating the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, he received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize.

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The fall of saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of south vietman, by the peoples army of vietnam on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietman War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam  into a socialsit republic governed by the Communist party of Vietnam.

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The antiwar movement became both more
powerful and, at the same time, less cohesive between 1969 and 1973. Most
Americans pragmatically opposed escalating the U.S. role in Vietnam, believing
the economic cost too high; in November of 1969 a second march on Washington
drew an estimated 500,000 participants.

-America Espinosa

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an offensive launched in January–February 1968 by the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese army. Timed to coincide with the first day of the Tet (Vietnamese New Year), it was a surprise attack on South Vietnamese cities, notably Saigon. Although repulsed after initial successes, the attack shook US confidence and hastened the withdrawal of its forces.

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The television news industry is a business with a profit motive before it is a
public service; consequently, producers and reporters attempt to make the news
more entertaining by airing stories that involve conflict, human impact, or
morality.

-America Espinosa

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National memorial in Washington DC It honors U.S. service members of the U.S. Armed forces who fought in the Vitnam Wa, service members who died in service in Vietnam/South East Asia, and those service members who were unaccounted for (Missing In Action) during the War.

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The Draft was abolished in 1973, but men of draft age still have to register to the Selective Service System so a draft can be readily resumed if needed.

-America Espinosa

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The war divided the country into two different sections. The sections were the people who wanted war and the ones who didn't. The ones who wanted war were known as the "Hawks." The ones who didn't want war were known as the "Doves." The hawks believed that due to the agression of North Vietnamese it forced us into the war.

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The Americans tried to win the war from the air. Their tactics were brutal and they turned the Vietnamese against them with their lack of sensitivity to the innocent civilians.

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America Espinosa, Maria Casares, Monique Hernandez

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America Espinosa, Maria Casares, Monique Hernandez

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4th Period

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America Espinosa, Maria Casares, Monique Hernandez

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America Espinosa, Maria Casares, Monique Hernandez

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Agent Orange was a powerful mixture of chemical defoliants used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover for North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, as well as crops that might be used to feed them. The U.S. program of defoliation, codenamed Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land in Vietnam from 1961 to 1972.

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Ngô Đình Diệm was the first president of South Vietnam.

In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as

a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort

to create the Republic of Vietnam. Accruing considerable

U.S. support due to his staunch anti-communism,

he announced victory after a fraudulent 1955 plebiscite

in which he won 600,000 votes from an electorate of

450,000 and began building a right-wing dictatorship in

South Vietnam.

-America Espinosa

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The Hồ Chí Minh trail (also known in Vietnam as the "Trường Sơn trail") was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia. The system provided support, in the form of manpower and materiel, to the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (called the Vietcong or "VC" by its opponents) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), or North Vietnamese Army, during the Vietnam War.

-Maria Casares

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is the process of increasing or rising, derived from the concept of an escalator. Specific uses of the term include:

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The longest, most furious battle of the French
Expeditionary Corps in the Far East. 170 days
of confrontation,57 days of hell.

-America Espinosa

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League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó on May 19, 1941.

-America Espinosa

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was an American business executive and the eighthSecretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. KennedyandLyndon B. Johnson, during which time he played a large role in escalating the United States involvement in theVietnam War. Following that, he served as President of theWorld Bank from 1968 to 1981. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis inpublic policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis. McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions ofthe Pentagon into two centralized agencies: theDefense Intelligence Agencyand theDefense Supply Agency.

Prior to public service, McNamara was one of the "Whiz Kids" who helped rebuildFord Motor Company afterWorld War II, and briefly served as Ford's President before becoming Secretary of Defense.

-Maria Casares

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Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the Vietnam War.

-America Espinosa

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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Tonkin Gulf Resolution/The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 7, 1964) gave broad congressional approval for expansion of the Vietnam War. During the spring of 1964, military planners had developed a detailed design for major attacks on the North, but at that time President Lyndon B. Johnson and his advisers feared that the public would not support an expansion of the war. By summer, however, rebel forces had established control over nearly half of South Vietnam, and Senator Barry Goldwater, the Republican nominee for president, was criticizing the Johnson administration for not pursuing the war more aggressively.

-Maria Casares

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Operation Rolling Thunder was the title of a

gradual and sustained US 2nd Air Division,

US Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force

aerial bombardment campaign conducted

against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

from 2 March 1965 until 2 November 1968,

during the Vietnam War.

-Maria Casares

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was a political organization and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War(1959–1975), and emerged on the winning side.

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was a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969.

-Maria Casares

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a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

-America Espinosa

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James William Fulbright was a United States Senator representing Arkansas from January 1945 until his resignation in December 1974

-Maria Casares