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I listed the types of qualitative research earlier, but here we will go in depth. First, with interviews, all you need is access to another person, a moral compass (ethics), and the X Map which serves as an interview guide. Going clockwise from the top the topics to discuss are issues, opportunities, causes, and possibilities.

Observational research is good to conduct yourself and then compare with someone else's. Observations are taken with participants knowing, and without disturbing the environment.

Participatory Action Research is a method that seeks to understand the world by actively trying to change it. It highlights the idea that sometimes more knowledge comes from understanding a group or community through participation.

Ethnographic research used to impose values on people more than it does now- it's described as more respectful in that observing and asking questions is how it's done now.

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Already mentioned in the Disruptive Design Method explanation and image to the left, Life Cycle Thinking is an important area of focus. There's no way getting around the fact that a problem cannot be solved indefinitely if life cycles are not taken into account. The point of this model is to make the old ways obsolete, because they're inefficient and have already proven themselves to be unsustainable. If solutions that have an expiration date on them are all that we keep generating, there will be no end in sight for problems that need solving, but there will be one for humanity. So,  all the parts of the life cycle of a product or solution that must be examined are material extraction,  manufacturing, package and transport, use and end of life. Many people don't consider the impact of material extraction and manufacturing as much as they consider the impact of waste, probably because we see wasting happen more often than production.

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This picture shows a nice depiction of what mining might look like because it shows more than one person examining many different sources of data, meaning the people on the project probably identified a lot of the systems that affect the problem they're trying to solve, helping them define a specific research question so they know what kind of data to gather once they sift through what's already out there. All of the examples here are quantitative, so this would just be a representative of that aspect of research as a part of mining.

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I think this picture highlights the key principles and is a similar visual presentation of the Disruptive Design Method. In the handbook, there is an infographic of the cycle that shows the steps going in a circle, and Acoroglu mentions that you can be working on multiple steps of the process at one time, and you will also likely go through the cycle more than once. Ideally, you'll keep revisiting different steps as more research is completed or becomes available. I also think that the added touch of roses can represent the sustainability aspect. The snake eating itself definitely represents the regenerative aspect, as well as what I previously described about revisiting each step of the cycle.

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Mining is where the process starts. First, you'll define your problem arena. What comes next in the mining process is identifying the scope which is basically a broad concept or idea of where you'll start and the main things you'll consider when doing research. This second step is meant to help with the first step of defining the problem arena. Having a defined area of focus makes it possible to connect the dots between the systems that intersect with and affect the problem arena. It's important to identify all of the systems that affect the problem arena so you don't miss any possible solutions. Also part of setting the scope is defining a research question. This allows you to be more specific in your research whether it's research done by others that you seek out or research you conduct yourself. Types of research are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative encompasses interviews, ethnographic, observational or Participatory Action research. Quantitative encompasses surveys or data defined within a rigid framework that can be analyzed. At the end of phase one (mining phase) you should have a Research Action Plan- what you're going to do to solve the problem, and how.

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The Disruptive Design Method can be broken down into three categories: mining, landscaping, and building. Each category encompasses two steps.

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The point of this model is to find "ways to interact more effectively and respectfully with the systems at play in the world around us." It's meant to help anyone activate their sphere of influence in this world, and asserts that we all make choices regarding how society is structured- doing nothing is still a choice to reaffirm the status quo. This model emphasizes solving problems with sustainability in mind, which encompasses giving consideration to the life cycle of a solution if it is a tangible thing. The model acknowledges that once a sustainable system is enacted, a more advanced goal would be working towards building regenerative systems. That ties into the idea of innovation vs. disruption. Innovation is doing the same things a bit better, whereas disruption is making things that make the old things obsolete.