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Families can be seen as being a source of social inequality.

Frederick Engels said that "families play a large role in transferring our property privilege and reproducing social inequality".

Conflict theorist says that  family the social class that we need to give us our socialization and this could be bad because it could actuate inequality.

Conflict  theorists  emphasize  that  social  programs  and  policies  that  affect
families  are  largely  shaped  by  powerful  and  wealthy  segments  of  society

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Families are not always a source of comfort, there's an unexplored dark side, described below:

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The substantive definition of a family is based both on blood or shared genetic heritage and law will socially recognize and affirm of bond including both marriage and adoption

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It is one which identifies clear boundaries and allows to track who is related to whom overtime.  A family is composed of a married or common law couple either opposite sex or same sex couple with or without children or alone parents but living with at least one child the same welling.

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The principle of descent assigns people into kinship groups according to the mother or the father's family, this includes:

1. In patrilineal descent it's only the father's relatives are important in terms of like property inheritance or even emotional times.

2. In matrilineal descent it's only when the mother's relatives are significant.

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Refers to the state of being related to others so the family in the skin group are not necessarily the same.

For instance your kin group could be your cousins who don't live with you; this is culturally learned not necessarily determined by biological ties.

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That's many relatives in just one household so like uncles etc. all in one house

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It is a family in which consists of a married couple and unmarried kids who live in the same house.

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Occurs when two people are married only to each other.

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A person who has had many spouses but at one time.

For example: Elizabeth Taylor

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It is the idea of having several marriages simultaneously.

For example: practices among North America Mormons

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Polygyny: the marriage of a man to many women

Polyandry: which is a woman married to many men

Polyamory: when somebody has many partners but not marriage

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- Focus on what society and their members right there.Sociologist William O’Byrne outlines six basic functions of the family:

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It's during a family that we reproduce society.

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Family act as the primary agents of socialization.

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Families provide protection from the rest of the world.

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The family is the first and foremost agent to introduce us to sex and sexual behavior.

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The family that you're born into ends up defining your social status

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Discusses family along  gender line such as family decision made by men than women, distribution of roles within the family and so on.

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Development of romantic relationship.

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When people are expected to marry someone within own religious or ethnic groups.

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When people have the freedom to marry someone outside their own religious or ethnic groups.

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(type of exogamy in Canada)
It means that individuals must marry outside of the nuclear family by law. Allows room for social acceptance.

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Refers to the tendency to date someone that's exactly like yourself

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There's social class differences within families. In the 1950s poor and working class families were way more authoritarian with kids and middle class families were more permissive whereas now there maybe differences.

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The subordinate status of racial and ethnic minorities affects family lifestyle and formation.

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Divorce rates increased in the late 196Os have decreased since the late 1980s and are on the rise again.

Men who are divorced often remarry whereas women stones and they often end up with child custody.

Effects: ower on measures of academic success, psychological  adjustment,  self-concept, social competence,  and  long-term  health  and  that they  have  higher  levels  of  aggressive  behavior  and depression.

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One is most likely to be physically assaulted or killed at home.

The most common types of family violence are physical abuse sexual abuse and exploitation.

Indigenous women are at a high risk of experiencing domestic abuse.

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Canada is one of the few countries that allows same-sex marriage.

The notion of homosexuality is culturally viewed differently ; sometimes an illness or crime.

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A situation wherein couples choose to live together without being married.

Quebec is the most accepting province of such an arrangement.

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A growing trend that allows individuals to follow the path of economic and overall self-independence.

<4% of Candians form part of the population

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Due to the rising economic cost of raising children, more and more couples find it convenient to stay married and not have children.

The average cost of raising a child from birth to 18 years of age is about $164k

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This refers to a family situation wherein both parents are engaged in economic activity.

Such a situation is widespread among married couples with childre.

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This refers to a family situation wherein only one of the parents is present as a caregiver.

In 2006, the single parent families accounted for 16%; out of which 80% were mothers.

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It  is concerned with how labels affect meaning and behavior. For example, when a noncustodial divorced parent is awarded “visitation” rights, he may view himself as a visitor in children’s lives.

Emphasizes on how family  members,  such  as  parents, grandparents,  siblings, and  spouses,  are  significant  others  who  have  a powerful  effect  on  our  self-concepts.

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STATS ON OTHER FORMS OF ABUSE WITHIN FAMILY

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STATS ON OTHER FORMS OF ABUSE WITHIN FAMILY

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Child abuse refers to the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible  for  the  child’s  welfare.

Common effect: Shaken Baby Syndrome

Other effects: depression, low academic achievement, smoking, alcohol  and  drug  abuse,  eating  disorders, obesity,  teen  pregnancy,  sexually  transmitted diseases,  sexual promiscuity,  low  self-esteem,

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It includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial  abuse, and  neglect.  The  most  common  form  of  elder  abuse  is neglect—failure  to  provide  basic  health  and  hygiene  needs,  such  as  clean

clothes,  doctor  visits, medication,  and  adequate  nutrition.

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These are explanatory terms and involve violence faced from parents and siblings within the family.

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These includeviolence in the media, gender inequality and gender socialization, and acceptance of corporal punishment.

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These include social isolation and inaccessible or unaffordable community services, such as health care, day care, elder care, and respite care facilities.

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These  include  a  history  of  family violence,  drug  and  alcohol  abuse, and  poverty.

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Consists of family violence prevention strategies that

target the general population.

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Consists of family violence prevention strategies that target groups thought to be at high risk for family violence.

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Consists of gamily violence prevention strategies that target families who have experienced family violence.