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The Indus Valley culture is the earliest known culture of the Indian subcontinent. The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. There are many seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods. Some seals show animals which resemble the two gods, Shiva and Rudra. Other seals depict a tree which the Indus Valley believed to be the tree of life.

Some innovations made during this civilization was standardized weights and measures, seal carvings, metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead and tin. Historians theorized that the Indus Civilization was destroyed in a large war. It also began to decline around 1800 BCE.

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Religious Beliefs: Indus Valley-Randell Albeza

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Religious Beliefs: Indus Valley-Randell Albeza

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The Indus Valley believed in 3 religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Buddhism was an Indian religion based on the praises of Gautama Buddha. Hinduism was also another Indian religion, and people who believed in Hinduism believed that it was another way of living life. Jainism was also another Indian religion and they believed in multiple gods. Jainism was polytheistic, Hinduism was Monotheistic, and Buddism was also Ployistic.
sources: Wikipedia,Nationalgeographic and google

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1) The Indus Valley culture are about making sculpture, pottery, and jewelry that is made from terracotta, metal, and stone. It is shown that they also participate in a vast maritime trade network that expanded from Central Asia, modern day Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, and Syria. The Indus script remain without any comparable symbol.

2) the innovative that were made in the civilization are standardized weights, measures, seal craving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin.

3) some historians believe that the Indus civilization were destroyed in a large war, they had also found about 36 human skeleton at mohenjo-Daro

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Culture: Indus Valley by Alyssa Arrowsmith

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Culture: Indus Valley by Alyssa Arrowsmith

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Indus Valley civilization or the Harappan civilization is the earliest known urban culture  of the Indus subcontinent. The dates of the civilization appearance was about 2500-1700 B.C.E, though southern sites may have lasted longer into the 2nd millennium B.C.E. Indus civilization was the most extensive. The Indus civilization is known to have consisted of two large cities called Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, and more than 100 towns and villages, in a relatively small size.
Innovation of the Indus Valley made standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin.
Some historians believed the Indus Valley civilization was destroyed in a large war possibly against northern invaders. In 1940 or somewhere around that time an archaeologist discovered 39 human skeletons in Mohenjo-daro believing they were killed by invaders. Some historians beloved that the cities collapsed due to natural disasters.

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Indus Valley Civilization Writing Ryan Hansen

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Indus Valley Civilization Writing Ryan Hansen

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Some forms of communication used in the Indus Valley were Indus Script, it is not much known about the writing as we are not able to decipher it. It was not pictograph, it was a writing language used by the Indus Valley citizens. We cannot read this today due to complications and unknown answers from the language. As we try to decipher more of this, as of now it is unknown currently of how much we know as it is very complicated to decipher any of the script.

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Economic Life of Indus Valley Civilization - Jhoan Huerfano Reyes

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Economic Life of Indus Valley Civilization - Jhoan Huerfano Reyes

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The economic life of the Indus Valley Civilization was pretty successful. The Indus Valley civilization economic life included major trading products, affects from their geography, and trading partners. First of all their economy's major trading products consisted on animal husbandry especially on the zebu cattle, they also based it on arable agriculture, and other plants. Secondly they geography involved plains on the Indus Valley and the Saraswati rivers which were very profitable when used in mixed farming which affected their economy greatly, but it was proven that their agriculture seemed to be patchy which gave them a negative affect in their economy. Lastly they traded with many civilizations including Persia, Mesopotamia, and China. This was the majority of the Indus Valley Civilization's economic life.

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Economic Life
The Indus valley people traded pots, plates and bowls.
They used the sea to trade with other civilizations
China and Iran

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Indus Valley Civilization Writing Ryan Hansen 

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Indus Valley Civilization Writing Ryan Hansen 

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The Indus valley used the Harappan writing system to communicate with each other. The symbols that they used where extremly short so we can understand if they where used for writing or if they where just symbols. They did use pictographic writing for math and for regular communication. It was inveted by and used by the people of Mohenjo-daro. We can read the language just not very much of it because they used at least 400 picture-signs that are not letters like in our alphabet.

sources where google

Lukas Kosinski

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One future that was very sophisticated in the Indus Valley civilization was the sewage system still around today; it would make some “civilizations” jealous.
The Indus Valley Civilization had 1000+ cities plus settlements with extremely futuristic sewage systems.

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The Indus Valley Civilization was located on the Indus River, in north India. The geographical effect on the civilization benefited the civilization because it got them more food that they were able to rely on, leading to their downfall. The Indus Valley Civilization emerged in 3000 B.C. The peak of the Indus Valley Civilization was in 2600 B.C to 1900 B.C. It had fallen in 1900 to 1800 B.C because of earthquakes that shifted the river's course, destroying the food supply, making them move out of the area. Some of the major products for trade were gold, skins, and other valuable animal parts. The mountains made the trade for the Indus Valley harder to get to other civilizations, therefore they only had so many routes to go to so they used the water to get to other places. Some of the major trading partners for the Indus Valley were the Mesopotamia Civilization as well as anyone around the area. They traded hides, gold, silver, and other needed items.

http://silkroutes.net/Orient/ItemsProductsTrade.htm#:~:text=Gold%2C%20skins%20and%20many%20other,ginger%2C%20bronze%20weapons%20and%20mirrors.

https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-physical-geography-climate-influence-664393

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-did-the-indus-valley-people-trade#:~:text=They%20had%20traded%20with%20Iran,Copper%20were%20exported%20from%20India.

Sam Thibodeaux

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The Indus valley civilization’s houses were pretty large houses mainly made out of a sand brick type thing. These cities were often made on man-made hills and most of the homes had internal plumbing. The city was split into two different parts, acropolis, and lower town, according to Wikipedia, “The lower town consisted of a lower-valued residential building located on the eastern side of the city, while the upper acropolis would be on the western side of the city which contained the higher value buildings and public buildings.”. Some sophisticated planning of this city was the indoor plumbing, according to the crash course we watched in class, The indoor plumbing was connected to a well and then it would change the water. Another sophisticated planning thing that they did was according to google, “One of the most remarkable achievements of the Indus Valley people was their sophisticated city planning. The cities of the early Mesopotamians were a jumble of buildings connected by a maze of winding streets. In contrast, the people of the Indus laid out their cities on a precise grid system.”. This shows that the Indus valley civilization was super sophisticated in how they planned their cities and settlements.  the sources where google, wickapedia, and crash course. -reid predeger

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The Indus valley civilization’s houses were pretty large houses mainly made out of a sand brick type thing. These cities were often made on man-made hills and most of the homes had internal plumbing. The city was split into two different parts, acropolis, and lower town, according to Wikipedia, “The lower town consisted of a lower-valued residential building located on the eastern side of the city, while the upper acropolis would be on the western side of the city which contained the higher value buildings and public buildings.”. Some sophisticated planning of this city was the indoor plumbing, according to the crash course we watched in class, The indoor plumbing was connected to a well and then it would change the water. Another sophisticated planning thing that they did was according to google, “One of the most remarkable achievements of the Indus Valley people was their sophisticated city planning. The cities of the early Mesopotamians were a jumble of buildings connected by a maze of winding streets. In contrast, the people of the Indus laid out their cities on a precise grid system.”. This shows that the Indus valley civilization was super sophisticated in how they planned their cities and settlements.  the sources where google, wickapedia, and crash course. -reid predeger

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The Indus Valley Religion is polytheistic and is  made up of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. They have many seals to support this, some have animals, some have people. The Indus Valley people worshipped many gods. Some include Pipal Tree, Humped Bull, Prototype of Shiva, and other goddesses. This civilization also worshipped trees. Shiva was the god of waters, these people also worshipped Enki, and Varuna.

Sources

indusvalley.com

toppr.com

harappa.com

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The Indus River Valley Civilization developed the first accurate system of standardized weights and measures, some as accurate as to 1.6 mm. Also they created sculpture, seals, pottery, and jewelry from materials, such as terracotta, metal, and stone.

Important innovations of this civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carving, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin. A figurine in bronze, known as the Dancing Girl, is only 11 centimeters high and shows a female figure in a pose that suggests the presence of some choreographed dance form enjoyed by members of the civilization.

Many scholars believe that the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization culture was caused by climate change. Populations largely abandoned cities, migrating toward the east.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indus-civilization

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-india/a/the-indus-river-valley-civilizations

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zxn3r82/articles/z8b987h

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They had uniformity in religion and culture. They also were very formal when it came to it. They made planned cities as well as sewage and plumbing. They also had resources for nonessential goods. People had believed that that they either died away, earthquakes changed the rivers, or they had a lack of food and weapons.

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Indus people used a writing system known as “logo-syllabic”. The Indus used symbols to write and communicate. some symbols represented ideas and words while other represented sounds. In spite of many attempts, their script has not been deciphered. The Indus script is the earliest form of writing known in the Indian subcontinent.

source- world history encyclopedia

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Indus Valley, settle builds, Jimmy Stewert

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Indus Valley, settle builds, Jimmy Stewert

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The type of settlements of the Indus valley are as follows, Living quarters.

The examples are as in order, Living to sleep, eat, and most likely perish in.

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In the Indus Valley Economic life there was a lot going on. First major products for trading is  terracotta pots, beads, gold, silver, colored gems like turquoise and lapis lazuli, metals, flints, seashells and pearls. Second was the geography of the trades were the rivers. The rivers affected them because almost every flood it reshaped the river effecting transportation. But the question is who did they trade with, the answer is the civilizations of Persia and Mesotopia and china. The had to somewhat rely on trading because other civilizations had different goods.

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In the Indus Valley Economic life there was a lot going on. First major products for trading is  terracotta pots, beads, gold, silver, colored gems like turquoise and lapis lazuli, metals, flints, seashells and pearls. Second was the geography of the trades were the rivers. The rivers affected them because almost every flood it reshaped the river effecting transportation. But the question is who did they trade with, the answer is the civilizations of Persia and Mesotopia and china. The had to somewhat rely on trading because other civilizations had different goods.

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The sources were google and crash course

Beck Morman

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The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. There are many seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods. Some seals show animals which resemble the two gods, Shiva and Rudra. Other seals depict a tree which the Indus Valley believed to be the tree of life.

http://indus-valley-civ.weebly.com/

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Unlike most civilizations Indus Valley did not build large temples or monumental structures. All buildings where open to the public. The structures were made of soil-clay mixed with water to make mud. The mud was then formed in to bricks. The city ran on a grid. The house were put on large hills to escape the floods. There was also plumbing, public baths, and sewage.

Sorce: Wikipedia, learning log, and crash course

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The Indus valley civilization was very dependent on trading, they traded with a few different other civilizations like Persia, Mesopotamia, and China. Some trades were silver, gold, colored gems, metals, flints, and seashells. The geography of the Indus valley was good and bad, they had mountains and deserts, but for trade it could've been very difficult to get across these areas.

They were major trade partners with Persia, Mesopotamia, and China but Mesopotamia was the biggest partner.

http://indus-valley-civ.weebly.com/economy-and-trade.html#:~:text=They%20were%20also%20known%20to,%2C%20flints%2C%20seashells%20and%20pearls.

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Indus Civilization Writing  Ty Whittingham

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Indus Civilization Writing  Ty Whittingham

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The Indus Valley people used Indus script was was their writing system. It was Dravidian language. The Indus people used Indus script to wright as well. The Indus script was pictograph. We can not read the language of the Indus people today.

https://brainly.in/question/4896840?tbs_match=1

https://www.harappa.com/script/parpola15.html

https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Script/#:~:text=The%20Indus%20Script%20is%20the,known%20in%20the%20Indian%20subcontinent.

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The Indus Valley civilization is located in modern-day Pakistan and India, towards the indus river. The geographic setting had monsoons, floods, and earthquakes in the area, affecting it by giving it floods for farming and was useful. The Indus Valley civilization submerged as a civilization around 3300 BCE. Their golden age was around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. They collapsed around 1800 BCE due to natural causes, many left due to major floods and earthquakes making life harder, so there was no point in living around the area. They communicated with each other using Indus script. Their speaking language being Dravidian. We do not understand a lot of the Indus script. It has been very difficult in recent years to decipher and learn about this writing. So with the little knowledge that we have, it is clear to say that we do not know much about the writing of the Indus Valley.

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/why-we-still-cant-read-the-writing-of-the-ancient-indus-civilization

https://www.worldhistory.org/Indus_Script/#:~:text=The%20Indus%20Script%20is%20the,known%20in%20the%20Indian%20subcontinent.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_script

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Indus Valley Civilization Isaiah Hamilton

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Indus Valley Civilization Isaiah Hamilton

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The Indus Valley Civilization contained more than 1,000 cities and settlements. These cities contained well organized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, possibly even public granaries and baths. Although there were large walls and citadels, there is no evidence of monuments, palaces, or temples. The quality of of urban planning suggest efficient municipal governments that placed high priority on hygiene or religious ritual. Harappans demonstrated advanced architecture with dockyards, granaries,warehouses, brick platforms, etc.