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Hello everyone :) Welcome to the sociology of the city course diaries. Here, you will be reading my diaries about the course. Addtionally, you will be reading personal reflections  that I associate  what i have  learned from the  course with the   visuals, news and videos from daily life.

Enjoy your  reading!

Beste :)

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I would like to explain our 3rd week lesson titled "Economy and The City with a video that reminds me what I learned in this lesson as soon as I saw it on social media. In the video, we see a shopkeeper falling to the ground due to a work accident while working, and the people around her not helping despite seeing the woman fall. So how does the sociology lesson of the city relate to a grocery store employee falling to the ground and the people around her not helping her?
The answer to this question: yes there is definitely a connection. What we watch in this video sheds light on the understanding of the socio-economic transformation (reorganization) of the people in the cities that have turned from rural to urban with the industrial revolution. The economic diversity and division of labor provided by the industrial revolution increased population growth and migration to urban populations. And thus, it can be talked about over population. With all these changes, urban personality change can be mentioned. Urban personality means the way dwellers relate with each other in the city. Urbanized city has transformed from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity. So there is a change about "Community (Gemeinschaft)" to "Association (Gesellschaft)". In other words, "sense of isolation" and "distance" can be outcome of urbanized city and organic solidarity. The feeling of insecurity in people, moral declines, antisocial behaviors can be referred to as the individual's isolation in crowds. These behaviors that people display in the modern city can be defined as "anomie". When anomic individuals are observed, behaviors such as people not being related to each other, ceasing to care about people around them, moral declines are characteristics of anomic individuals. At this point, the video below can be linked. People who do not know each other are in the same environment for some economic reasons. (some make money in this market, some spend money in this market). The store clerk falls off, I never care about those around her. People around them make an effort to see how far I can pass instead of helping the fallen person. This situation can be given as an example of anomie. The origin of behaviors such as the desire for isolation, moral decline, antisocial behavior, unconcerned attitude, avoidance of contact with unknown people in the video is a simple example and evidence from daily life about the results of the transformations that started with the industrial revolution.

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We started by talking about how the cities of the world came to the "MODERN CITY CONCEPT". To response "what makes a city brings?" us to definition of "Urbanisim" Consept of urbanism is coined by Louise Wirth, Urbanism was a term that can be used for permanence of city in people's life.  Basically, People's awareness of thar they live in the "city".  So, in other words,urbanism is how cities become a life style of people. Urbanism, in the conditions offered by the city to the people, is that people start living within the framework of these conditions by becoming aware of these conditions and shaping their lives individually / socially according to these conditions. Founder of urbanism consept, Lousie Wirth, defined the city with three components: Size, density, heterogenity. Lets think bout a modern urbanized city “Chicago”If we examine the Chicago of the 1930s through these 3 features, the increase of social interaction with the increase of the number of people living in the city in 1930, and the transformation of social relations with this change is gathered under the heading of "Size". In addition, if we continue with the example of the Chicago city of the 1930s, the increase in the number of people living causes the "Division of Labor" to diversify. The concept of "Complex Division of Labor" can be mentioned. In other words, if we compare the "Size", "Division of Labor concept with the rural city of Yozgat in the 1930s and the urbanized city of Chicago, in the 1930s, the main occupational group was shaped on the axis of agriculture in Yozgat, while divison of labor can be mentioned in Chicago.

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WEEK 5- Identity, Difference, Race, Ethnicity in Cities 

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WEEK 5- Identity, Difference, Race, Ethnicity in Cities 

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Today we started the lesson by talking about the concepts of "space and place". While explaining these concepts, we used the expression abstract vs lived place. Understanding these two concepts became easier when it was understood that abstractc corresponds to space and lived place to place. While space is abstract, having no properties, place can be explained as the opposite of the concept of space. The place where the experience is . For example, our teacher gave the example from the standingpoint  of last week's mobility in cities - highways: the abstract concept of the highway in the mind is space, but the subjective experience of the woman trying to sell something on the highway is place. If we talk about "feeling out of the space" based on the meanings of these two concepts; Marking our belonging by asking "are you from here" questions such as "do you live in the center" "where in the city are you from" "do you feel you belong here in this crowd" form the contrast of space and place. George Simmel defines this situation as: "  If wandering, considered as a state of detachment from every given point in space, is the conceptual opposite of attachment to any point, then the sociological form of “the stranger” presents the synthesis, as it were, of both of these properties " (1908, p. 313). Additionally,  This sense of strangerness may arise from the inequalities experienced in the modern city. According to simmel:  A stranger is someone quite involved the life but not in the way as locals do.
These inequalities can be based on race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, nationality. The connection between the inequalities arising from these reasons and the space-place concepts can be better understood by mentioning the "Concentric Zone Theory". The theory was developed by famous sociologists at 1920s. He taught about radial city growth. He defend that cities no matter which city it is, universially follow same growth pattern. According to this growth pattern: A city has one single center. The rest of the city develops around this center. That center is called loop area. In this theory, 4 zones shaped around the loop area are mentioned. The 2nd zone is called around the loop are. Space of greatest mobility can be mentioned. It can also be said in the lesson that Ghettos were clearly formed here. The 3.rd zone:  3rd zone is called zone of working man  . 3. zone housing is based on economic standing rather than ethnicity. 4. Zone- Also called residential zone. More privileged, better personal space, exclusively residential, people are relatively wealthy. 5. Zone can be defined as the satellite city. The people living here can be considered not wealthy compared to the 4th zone. It can be said that the land is cheap in this part of the city and that the people living here can afford to buy a car.
Based on how the city differs according to zones,  It can be clearly observed how  people in a modern city are separated from each other in terms of economy, ethnicity, race, occupational standing and nationality.
Several important concepts were discussed in the course. Succession, invasion.
Succession: The new arriver group, push away the earlier arriver group
Invansion: It is kinda similiar with succession, the new arriver group try to take over social space of the earlier arriver and there is a competition between new arrivers and earlier arrivers.

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WEEK 2   CITIES FROM THE PAST AND TODAY- A Personal Reflection

MFA- The Miniatures of Matrakci Nasuh. (2010, March). Wayback Machine.
https://web.archive.org/web/20060721094720/http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Nasuh/i5.jpg
I chose these two city images side by side and collage them. The first is the Istanbul plan made by Matrakçı Nasuh Efendi. It is thought that the work was made in the 1530s. The second photo was taken by me in 2019. I wanted to notate these two Istanbul images because in the lesson, our teacher touched on the change from Karaköy to the present. Istanbul can be defined as urban city for a long time due to its political importance. In this picture, I do not make rural-urban change and comparison from the past to the present. I would like to talk about the changes and transformations these two cities experienced until it became  a modern city. Nasuh Effendi,  most probably made a lot of effort to get this bird's eye view. Maybe he had to travel for hours to reach the highest hill in the city. It might  also take days and maybe months to complete this work and color it.  On the opposite, this Istanbul photo taken from the plane in 2019 on the left was taken with an electronic device in an average of 5 seconds during a vacation. This change embodies many layers in its background, such as Diego Rivera's "Frozen Asset". Just like the fact that a city has many economic, sociological, psychological and political layers behind its urbanization. We cannot limit the change of these two Istanbul portraits to successive inventions such as telephone, electricity, motor. All of these processes are interconnected as an influencing chain reaction, and they all reflect the foundation of the modern city concept as well as its consequences. With the industrial revolution, the transformation of production, the start of migration from rural areas to urban areas, the concentration and formation of cities and the formation of a new economic culture with this migration; radical changes such as the reflection of the new economic culture on culture, sociology, human psychology and life habits may explain the change and transformation of these two Istanbul portraits. All these radical transformations that affect each other can explain the difference in time and accesesibility between Nasuh Efendi and me in Istanbul portraits.

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WEEK 4- Mobility-  Transportation and Body in Cities

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WEEK 4- Mobility-  Transportation and Body in Cities

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The more urbanized a city is, the faster life begins to flow in that city. The people of the city are quite diverse. Urbanized city expands considerably, this expansion increases its transportation network, so the transportation of an urbanized city continues 24 hours. At 6 o'clock in the morning, one can witness buses filled by city residents going to work from one end of the city to the other. A prominent concept when examining the historical development and mobility of modern cities is the increase in "boulevard" architecture. The most enjoyable part of studying a city is that it taught me that even the smallest change in the city changes the sociology of the city. Although the boulevard architecture seems like a simple change, it also led to sociological changes. The concept of "circulating the city like blood vessel" was used for the boulevards in the course. Based on this analogy, it can be said that the boulevards are a solution for the increasing mobility in the modernized city. Also, if the boulevard is too wide, it may cause the separation of one district to another. At this point, we mentioned that we can observe the sociological effects of this architectural development: " People who remain phsycically close become more homogenius, developing social sameness" When mobility is considered from another perspective, the concept of "emphasis of the eye" can be mentioned. Emphasis of the eye can be associated with being able to see, seeing far, and being able to select details. This association can be exemplified by the mobility mentioned by Michel De Certeau in Walking in the city.  De Certeau talked about observing all the movements of the city by seeing the city as a whole from the tallest building of the city with the concept of "totalizing eye". Also he adds: "The desire to see the city preceded the means of satisfying it" ( De Certeau, 1984, p. 233). With this sentence, it can be said that a bridge is being built between the concepts of the emphasis of the eye and totalizing eye.
Additionaly, automobility which is the second component of the mobility is key a key cpncept of modernized cities.
Together with the construction of highways and the use of individual vehicles (automobility) with the adaptation of Mobility to current conditions, it caused the horizontal expansion of the living space of the city (larger in size) and thus some changes in the sociological structure of the city.
References
Certeau, M. ., & Rendall, S. (1988). The practice of everyday life.

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PERSONAL REFLECTİON TO THE CHAPTER 2-3-4-5-6

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PERSONAL REFLECTİON TO THE CHAPTER 2-3-4-5-6

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I did not watch this video as part of the lesson. I started watching the title in my spare time because it caught my attention. As I watched, this video reminded me of what I learned from the sociology of the city course. First of all, a comparison of the two districts is made. Two completely different districts and different stories of people. In a lecture, our teacher Laçin said that even the smell of garbage in a city can tell many details about the sociology of that city. That sentence grabed my attention a lot and i started to observe the city i live with mey senses. Then, when I came across this video, i wanted to watch it. As a result, I associated it with many concepts I learned from the lesson.
First of all, the video mentions that Bağcılar district is a "migrants" district.İt is also mentioned  about the fact that the people  migrated here with the modernization of the city and that they can do anything without choosing a job. In the modern concept of the city chapter, urbanized population is in Istanbul and the concept of "I can do do anything without choosing a job" can be associated with the concepts of division of labor and variety of business. It can be interpreted that the density of the city has increased and it has become a more heterogeneous city with increasing immigration.

Looking at the housing style, slum formation can be mentioned. In my opinion, the differences in the garbage of the two districts can be considered a successful analysis of the financial situation and the living standards that have developed accordingly. What we preach in the lesson: "social hierarchy can be felt with over population." The social class differences caused by the dense population in a modernized city are compatible with the preferences of waste food, personal care and cleaning products in the garbage.
In addition, based on the garbage, Simmel's comment on the concept of stranger can be remembered regarding the obvious economic differences in garbage between these two districts and the culture of the city: A stranger is someone quite involved the life but not in the way as locals do. (There were even differences in the quality of coffee used, sexual protection was almost non-existent in Bağcılar, there were lots of sugary food waste and packages next to diapers.)
In addition, based on class differences, comments on the concepts of secondary relationship and organic solidatory can be made.
In short, the garbage of the city is the sociology of the city!

BBC News Türkçe. (2020, January 13). Çöplerden semt analizi: Bağcılar - Etiler [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9lowDv-HLw&feature=youtu.be

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Çöplerden semt analizi: Bağcılar - Etiler

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When we talked about what does suburbia mean, our teacher said that it means beyond the city, patchwork of neighborhoods and illusion of community. Robert Fishman defines it as: "Suburbia is more than a collection of residential buildings; it expresses values so deeply embedded in bourgeois culture that it might be also called the bourgeois" ( 1987, p. 22).
How did it appear?

Automobility and highways

Babyboomers generations

So what was the underlying cause or trigger of these two factors? The answer to this question is the changes that took place at the end of the Second World War. Of course, it is not exactly product of ww2, but after the 2nd world war, these processes gained speed. Babyboomers generations can be defined as people who starts to think about future, hope about future, caring  familiy , and saving money. Additionally, they also  Think about the well being of next generations.  Automobility and the development of highways, on the other hand, led to the increase of freedom of movement of these baby boomers generations and the establishment of surburbias by moving away from urban life.  So, it can be mentioned that in suburbia, there is seperation between urban sociaty and suburbia dwellers.
We talked about the model of urban planner named Ebenezer Howard. A combined hybrid version of rural and urban was proposed in this model. Neither too far from the city nor where personal space is restricted. Starting from this point, we continued with in-class discussion in the lesson. This class discussion was one of the topics I enjoyed the most. We talked about personal space and how much the urban city allows personal space.

In class, I made a few comments about how much personal space a modern city gives to a person:  In big cities, while the square meters of the houses are decreasing, their prices have started to increase because there is less enough space for overpopulation, and thus, projects where the most city residents will live in the least area. Accordingly, apartments with tiny balconies are to be found. In my opinion, balconies are an important area in the house. It is a point of contact with both the personal home and the outside. In modern cities, the balconies of the houses are very close to the balconies of other houses. Just like city dwellers traveling with 0 personal space on a bus at the end of a working hour. This situation of the balconies gives a lot of information from the sociology of the city. It is crowded, and cramped, with secondary relationships predominant. Based on this situation, we see the following advertisements in many modern cities: A village in the city! Alaçatı in Ankara. It is clearly understood that suburbia, which has rural life features, is targeted within the city. In addition, our teacher gave the example of Çayyolu in the lesson. This is the living spaces created by people who are bored of city life and want to escape from the city, but cannot get far from the city: Suburbias!
Finally, in one of my favorite TV series, I witnessed exactly the move to subrubia and the reasons why. In the TV series Friends, married couple Monica and Chandler start search of a residence close to the smaller, modernized city but without the density and mobility of the city beacuse of  raising their children in a better way . Thinking about the future of their children, they decided to buy their own housing by and leaving  their rented houses, and eventually they found a suburbia with gardens close to the city.

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This week's topic included discussions that I really enjoyed. In this lesson, we talked about some basic concepts. "Urban Masses" "Surveillance" - "Safety" "Security". However, we did not explain these concepts with their direct definitions. We discussed from different perspectives by making various connections. First of all, we set out on some of the words that come to mind when urban mases are mentioned. And then we said about the urban masses: "Not like streets it is common ground". After our teacher talked about the concept of "City is feminine", we came to the part that I enjoyed listening to most in the lesson. Because I was able to establish many connections with my major course called gender and media. First of all, while the concept of city is feminine was associated with the concept of "City as an object to shape" in ancient times, nowadays we talked about the concept of "city is pleausre of viewing". At this point, I thought: A city is like a sociological mirror. Both the inhabitants of the city reflect on it and the city reflects on those people. The city sometimes gives a role, sometimes it takes as much as the people give it. The objectification of women has caused even the city that can be objectified to be called feminine. The definition of the city is like an example of the gender roles imposed on women in the city, trying to suppress women and to manage women. Just like the fact that the flaneur, created by enjoying the city, is male gender specific. In fact, a few lessons ago, we had discussed whether a woman could be a flaneur. We talked about the concept of male gaze. Last semester, I made movie analysis about male gaze in the gender and media class. It was very enjoyable to examine the city in terms of male gaze in the sociology of the city course. Afterwards, we talked about the concept of safety and security. We mentioned that these two words have two different meanings even though they seem similar. safety is the situation where a mutually peaceful environment is provided. Where the concept of insider/outsider exists in the concept of security . insider/outsider  creates boundaries therefore,  it requires survillance. I think that the concept of Surveillance in the city gives an idea about the political situation of the city. Freedom of opinion was just as limited in a city with high surveillance in the book 1984. But at the same time, I think that the freedom of thought of different audiences can be better balanced in surveillance where people feel safe. A few weeks ago, we watched a documentary on Bağcılar in class. People who argued that Bağcılar was better than 20 years ago, said that it was possible with the increase of secure surveillance.