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Make a File using Google Docs Include Your Full Name and the Semester & Year

Share this file with your professor and teaching assistant

Upload the following documents to the shared file:

Upload your Final Video (10-15 minute)

Upload your outline(s) as a document or include outline with your slides.

Upload your 10 Assertion-Evidence Slides

Upload a self- assessment of your Final Presentation

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Extraordinary Presentation Should Have a Great Title

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Extraordinary Presentation Should Have a Great Title

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Which articles do you want to continue reading and why?

Clear characteristics of a desirable title

1. Informative:

2. Accurate:

3. Clear:

4. Concise:

5. Attention commanding:

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why people stay uninformed social issues - Google Search

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Instructions:

Request a meeting (online or in person) and provide 3 available times

What is expected of you during the session:

Present your case and prepare to discuss:

1. Explain your starting point. What type of presenter were you and what were your strengths and weaknesses.

2. Explain your goals and objectives in regards to your presentation skills

3. Explain your efforts and your evaluation of your efforts

4. Explain your assessment of your final presentation and slides

5. Explain your plan for further developing your presentation skills

6. Justify your proposed grade in terms of EFFORT: Quantitative and Qualitative.

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Clear characteristics of a desirable title

1. Informative:

2. Accurate:

3. Clear:

4. Concise:

5. Attention commanding:

Lipton W. J., 1998: The Science Editor’s Soapbox: An Aid for Writers of Scientific and Technical Reports. 93 pp. ISBN 0966301102

Consider these creative strategies for crafting more desireable titles:

1. Copy out of your draft a sentence that could serve as a title.

2. Write a sentence that's not in the draft to use as a title.

3. Write a title that is a question beginning with What, Who, When, or Where.

4. Write a title that is a question beginning with How or Why.

5. Write a title that is a question beginning with Is/Are, Do/Does, or Will.

6. Pick out of the essay some concrete image—something the reader can hear, see, taste, smell, or feel—to use as a title.

7. Pick another concrete image out of the essay. Look for an image that is a bit unusual or surprising.

8. Write a title beginning with an -ing verb (like “Creating a Good Title”).

9. Write a title beginning with On (like “On the Titles of Essays”).

10.Write a title that is a lie about the essay. (You probably won't use this one, but it might stimulate your thinking.)

11.Write a one-word title—the most obvious one possible.

12.Write a less obvious one-word title.

13.Write a two-word title.

14.Write a three-word title.

15.Write a four-word title.

16.Write a five-word title.

17.Think of a familiar saying, or the title of a book, song, or movie, that might fit your essay.

18.Take the title you just wrote and twist it by changing a word or creating a pun (word joke) on it.

19.Do the same with another saying or title of a book, song, or movie.

20.Find two titles you've written so far that you might use together in a double title. Join them together with a colon [ : ].

Title exercise is adapted from: Richard Leahy's “Twenty Titles for the Writer.” College Composition and

Communication 43.4 (1992): 516–519. JSTOR. Univ. of Minnesota. 19 July 2007

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U-Tokyo- Extraordinary Presentations: Topic Development - 6 Hats

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Take a closer look at issues when you are concerned but not very informed or well informed but not concerned.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A global issue is a matter of public concern worldwide. This list of global issues presents problems or phenomena affecting people around the world, including but not limited to widespread social issues, economic issues, and environmental issues. Organizations that maintain or have published an official list of global issues include the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum.

Not all of these risks are independent, because the majority, if not all of them are a result of human activity.

The UN has listed issues that it deems to be the most pressing as of 2023:[1]

Top-level issue

Issues

Relevant UN directives/initiatives

Africa

poverty, diseases, desertification, malnutrition, regional conflict

Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, African Union, New Partnership for Africa's Development, United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur

Ageing
ageing population, demographic transition

Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing, United Nations Principles for Older Persons, Proclamation on Ageing, International Year of Older Persons

AIDS
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

Atomic energy
nuclear weapons, nuclear waste

Big data for sustainable development

Applying ICTs to sustainable development

supporting and tracking the Sustainable Development Goals

Child and youth safety online

Children

Child poverty, Child labour, Child abuse, Child mortality, Global education

Education First, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme, Global Education First Initiative[2]

Climate change
Carbon footprint of the human race, Climate change mitigation

Decolonization exploitation

Democracy
democratization
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, UNDP, UNDEF, DPKO, DPA, OHCHR, UN Women

Disarmament
weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons, conventional weapons, landmines and small arms

United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs

Food

world hunger, sustainable agriculture, food security, safety, food riots

Sustainable Development Goal #2: Zero hunger, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Food Programme

Gender equality
Women's rights, global feminism

Commission on the Status of Women, Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)

Health
maternal health, extreme poverty

Millennium Development Goals

Human rights human rights violations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

International law and justice

International Law Commission, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (1996), International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999), Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)

Oceans and the Law of the Sea (cf. Water)

marine pollution, ocean governance

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter

Peace and security

People with disabilities

discrimination, lack of universal design

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Population

overpopulation, world population

UNFPA

Refugees (cf. Humanitarian Assistance)

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA),

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Water (cf. Oceans and the Law of the Sea)

water scarcity, water conflict, water privatization, water pollution

UN-Water, System of Environmental and Economic Accounting for Water, Water for Life Decade, International Recommendations on Water Statistics, United Nations Water Conference, Millennium Development Goals, International Conference on Water and the Environment (1992), Earth Summit (1992)

Women

women's rights, gender equality

Commission on the Status of Women, International Women's Year

As part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the UN Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) were superseded by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030), which are also known as The Global Goals. There are associated Targets and Indicators for each Global Goal.

In keeping with their economy-centered view, the World Economic Forum formulated a list of 10 most pressing points in 2016:[3]

1. Food security

2. Inclusive growth

3. Future of work/unemployment

4. Climate change

5. Financial crisis of 2007-2008

6. Future of the internet/Fourth Industrial Revolution

7. Gender equality

8. Global trade and investment and regulatory frameworks

9. Long-term investment/Investment strategy

10. Future healthcare

No single issue can be analysed, treated, or isolated from the others.[4] For example, habitat loss and climate change adversely affect biodiversity. Deforestation and pollution are direct consequences of overpopulation and both, in turn, affect biodiversity. While overpopulation locally leads to rural flight, this is more than counterbalanced by accelerating urbanization and urban sprawl. Theories like the world-system theory and the Gaia hypothesis focus on the inter-dependency aspect of environmental and economic issues. Among the most evident environmental problems are:[5][6][7][8]

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TOPICS ALONE PROVIDE NO MEANINGFUL INFORMATION

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TOPICS ALONE PROVIDE NO MEANINGFUL INFORMATION

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Build your talk on messages not on topics

The Topic only tells us what.

Don't forget WHY

Why me?
Why this topic?
Why its important?

Does your talk have a takeaway?
Do you have a strategy so that the audience takes away what you planned?

The ‘Takeaway’
A ‘takeaway’ is a key fact or point that emerges from a talk or a meeting.
Something to be remembered that can inform future actions.

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How To Be A Better Public Speaker Based On Your Personality Type

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How To Be A Better Public Speaker Based On Your Personality Type

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Richard Feloni Dec. 4, 2014, 12:15 PM

Start becoming a better speaker by first figuring out which of the six types of presenters you are.

It's a fundamental mistake to see presenting advice as one-size-fits-all.

Presenters naturally have different ways of prioritizing words, pictures, and structure, and that these tendencies result in six distinct kinds of presenters.

Play to your strengths and correct for the accompanying weaknesses.

The Coach

Priorities: Pictures, Words, Structure

Strengths: Coaches win over an audience with their passion and energy. They're great at role-playing and interacting with their audience. "They are very animated speakers, pacing and gesturing," McMahon says, referring to the way they are able to communicate their own experiences.

Weaknesses: Coaches may be so enthusiastic that they move too quickly for their audience, not giving them time to absorb ideas. They can also become wrapped up in their energy for a subject and get lost in tangents.

To avoid these problems, McMahon advises these types of presenters to prepare by focusing on two or three concrete messages they would like to impart so that they stay on track. He says he's seen coaches keep a "cheat sheet" with these messages to keep them at the forefront of their mind. It's necessary for coaches to be aware of the fact that they're on a different level from their audience in terms of both energy and knowledge of a particular subject.

The Inventor

Priorities: Pictures, Structure, Words

Strengths: Inventors are great at building a slideshow for a presentation because they understand how a thesis should be presented and then explained. They'll start with some points they'd like to hit and then construct an arrangement around them. They are usually most comfortable in a Q&A following a presentation because it allows them to express themselves while freed from the constraints of a performance.

Weaknesses: They aren't naturally comfortable presenting. The worst thing inventors can try to do is commit a script to memory because they become anxious over remembering little details and just the right words.

Instead, they're best off using slides as "stepping stones," with cues for how they need to proceed. These cues can be brief notes or images that trigger ideas and require that the speaker only quickly glance at a slide rather than falling into a trap of reading text in front of their audience, putting them to sleep.

The Counselor

Priorities: Words, Structure, Pictures

Strengths: Counselors are eloquent and confident speakers. They're logical and easy to follow.

Weaknesses: As "words people," counselors have a tendency to become "very dry and clinical," McMahon says.

He tells his clients of this type to consciously insert anecdotes into their presentations, allowing them to use their gift of eloquence to engage their audience on a human level.

The Storyteller

Priorities: Words, Pictures, Structure

Strengths: Storytellers "speak with feeling and rhythm" and have no problem winning over an audience with visceral and entertaining stories.

Weaknesses: McMahon says that one of his former clients who presented this way was the CEO of a global advertising organization and was naturally comfortable onstage. McMahon remembers a particular event when, after the speech, he asked audience members what they thought of it and what the purpose of the speech was; everyone said they loved listening to the exec's stories, but no one really knew what he was getting at.

This is because storytellers need to develop a presentation that serves as a logical "map" that guides them through a particular thesis. They should leave space in between guiding slides to share anecdotes.

The Teacher

Priorities: Structure, Words, Pictures

Strengths: Teachers excel at explaining complex ideas in logical steps. They are so careful about the construction of their presentations that they can memorize large blocks of information.

Weaknesses: Teachers can become so focused on their ideas and slides that they ignore their audience. "They can practice in an empty room and then present in front of 500 people and sound exactly the same," McMahon says.

Teachers can avoid becoming too dull by adding simple, attractive visuals to their slideshows, as well as some humor. McMahon says that a New York economics professor he works with has developed an effective style where he inserts funny comics into his presentations that are related to his subject matter, letting them stand on their own, so that his students' eyes don't glaze over.

The Producer

Priorities: Structure, Pictures, Words

Strengths: These types of presenters can create a meticulous, well-structured presentation from beginning to end. They excel at determining how the "meat" of their presentation will unfold. They're "producers" because they like to work behind the scenes.

Weaknesses: Though their slideshow or written speech may be excellent, they have a tendency to freeze and stumble through their presentation because they're not comfortable thinking spontaneously in front of a group of people.

Producers can build confidence by rehearsing a hook for the beginning of their presentation that grabs the audience's attention, and then maintain that attention by inserting some rhetorical questions. McMahon says that producers should choose talking points over large blocks of text, but build in as many cues as possible into the presentation to avoid anxiety of having to improvise.

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Q: What work does a (data scientist) do and what knowledge do they need?

Q: What specific work do you do as a (data scientist) and what specific knowledge do you need?

Q: How does the work (data scientists) do improve and protect the lives of people?

Q: How can the specific work/research you do eventually improve and/or protect the lives of people?

Q: What are some of the challenges that face (Data Scientists) today?

Q: What are some of the challenges that you face in completing your current research project?

Q: What does the future hold for (Data Scientists)?

Q: What does the future hold for you as a (Data Scientists)?

Q: What are some tips for those who would like to work in (Data Science)?

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Balancing

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Self-evaluate a presentation and skill development

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Self-evaluate a presentation and skill development

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Self-evaluate a presentation and skill development

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1: How to Enunciate -
2: How to Stop Saying "Um" and "You Know"
3: How to Pep Up Your Tired Voice
4: Speaking Slower Could Improve Your Sales
5: Buzzwords and Slang Bury Your Message
6: Active Listening Is The Most Important Thing You Say

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This list of speech skills and speech terminology is part of the Speak for Success Course, a series of six speech lessons designed to help you shape up your speech so you will sound more professional.

Many of us have mastered the business look. We know how to dress for success and pride ourselves on our professional manners. We know how important a smile is and all those little niceties of business exchanges such as how to present a business card properly. We're on top of our game - but we have sloppy speech habits that undermine our polished appearance and give potential clients and customers messages we didn't intend to send. How can you trust someone that looks like one thing but says another?

In this sense, the Speak for Success course is about completing the package, making sure that our speech matches our appearance and finishes off the job of impressing our customers with our professionalism.

Be aware that the Speak for Success course is not about learning English. It's about speaking English better so you can better communicate with others.

(Want to start the Speak for Success course right now? Go directly to Lesson 1, How to Enunciate.)

Below is a list of the various speech skills and problems covered in the course. For your convenience, this list of speech skills and terminology includes reference to the Speak for Success Speech Lesson each skill or term is a part of, as well as definitions of each term.

Speech Skills

Clarity - Speaking clearly so as to be understood by your audience. Clarity is composed of several different related speech skills including projection, enunciation and pace. (Clarity is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 1, Speech Lesson 2 and Speech Lesson 5.)

Projection - Speaking loudly enough so that every member of the audience can hear what is said. (Projection is part of every speech lesson.)

Enunciation - Fully pronouncing each syllable of each word with the proper emphasis. (Enunciation is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 1.)

Pronunciation - Correctly pronouncing each word. (Practicing pronunciation is part of every speech lesson in the course.)

Expression - Speaking with vocal variety and vitality so that the audience remains interested. The associated speech problem is speaking in a monotone - a real communication killer. (Expression is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 3.)

Pace - Speaking at a rate that is comfortable for the audience to hear and comprehend. (Pace is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 4.)

Fillers - Using meaningless words or sounds that distract the audience. "Um", "ah" and "you know" are especially common in North America. (Breaking the habit of using fillers when speaking is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 2.)

Slang - Informal language that is specific to a particular group. If you're not part of that particular group, though, you have no idea what the meaning is. (The problem of using slang is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 5.)

Buzzwords - Words or phrases that sound important but have become meaningless through repetition. For example, in business "game changer" and "think outside the box" have been used to death. (The problem of buzzwords is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 5.)

Acronyms - Sets of initials used as shorthand to refer to particular phrases (such as CEO for Chief Executive Officer). (The use of acronyms is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 5.)

Active Listening - Participating in the act of communication by paying attention and letting the speaker know that you're paying attention through activities such as mirroring and rephrasing. (Active listening is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 6.)

Stance - Presenting and maintaining an appropriate posture to facilitate communication. (Maintaining proper stance is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 6.)

Eye-contact - Looking the person or people you're speaking to in the eye for an appropriate length of time. When speaking to an audience of more than one, it's important to make eye contact with as many individual members of the audience as possible. (Making proper eye contact is covered in Speak for Success Speech Lesson 6.)

Click on the link for any Speech Lesson above to go to that Speech Lesson. Or use this handy index:

Lessons on Specific Speech Skills

Speech Lesson 1: How to Enunciate - Stop Dropping Those G's

Speech Lesson 2: How to Stop Saying "Um" and "You Know"

Speech Lesson 3: How to Pep Up Your Tired Voice

Speech Lesson 4: Speaking Slower Could Improve Your Sales

Speech Lesson 5: Buzzwords and Slang Bury Your Message

Speech Lesson 6: Active Listening Is The Most Important Thing You Say

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The Speech Skills You Need to Know to Speak Well

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This list of speech skills and speech terminology is part of the Speak for Success Course, a series of six speech lessons designed to help you shape up your speech so you will sound more professional. Many of us have mastered the business look.

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Speech Exercise: Belief Sentences
The purpose of this exercise is to practice conveying meaning through expression in your speech, so once again, you are going to be saying these sentences in different ways.

First, say the sentence out loud as you would if you truly believed the statement.

Then say the same sentence out loud as you would if you didn’t believe what you were saying and wanted to convey your disbelief to your listener.

You’ll never regret buying one of these.
This extended warranty is a great deal.
This is definitely a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
What I’m doing now is the best thing I’ve ever done.
I am the best at what I do.

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Speech Skill: Expression

See a full list of speech skills and definitions.

The Speech Problem: Monotone Voice

Speaking in a monotone voice is a real communication killer. When the variety of your voice's pitch doesn't vary, it's impossible for your listener to maintain any interest in what you're saying. He tunes out - quickly. Once again, your message falls by the wayside.

But even if he did hear it, he probably wouldn't believe it. People who speak in a monotone voice or with inappropriate expression in their voices are perceived as untrustworthy, boring, or even shifty. As a business, sales or professional person, you can see why you'd want to fix this sloppy speech problem right away!

Other Speech Problems of Expression

Now, you may be saying to yourself (with a sigh of relief), "I certainly don't speak in a monotone voice!" That's excellent news, but unfortunately, the obvious monotone, where there is no variety of pitch in the voice, is only one sloppy speech habit related to expression. A far more common problem is a lack of appropriate vocal variety, or tired voice.

If you have tired voice, your speech just doesn't convey the appropriate emotional shadings and vitality that make people's voices interesting and pleasant to hear. Think of it this way; your voice is as much a part of your signature style as the color of your eyes or the way you walk. People can identify you by these signature traits. And in some cases, people have developed "signature" voices that are grating, braying, booming or otherwise just downright unpleasant for other people to listen to - because their voices are not suitably expressive.

The good news is that having a monotonous or tired voice is not a life sentence. Everyone can change their signature voice (to some degree, barring physical complications) - just as we can change the way we walk or even the color of our eyes.

Speech Exercise: Emotion Sentences

The purpose of this exercise is to practice getting more vocal variety into your speech, so you are going to be saying these sentences in different ways.

First, say the sentence out loud as you would if you were ecstatically happy.

Then say the same sentence out loud as you would if you were extremely sad.

1. I just got a call saying that I won a vacation in Las Vegas.

2. I'm going to have to change that light bulb.

3. Our town now has a new recycling program.

4. My next door neighbor is moving out next week.

5. I'll be able to retire in only two more years.

Speech Exercise: Belief Sentences

The purpose of this exercise is to practice conveying meaning through expression in your speech, so once again, you are going to be saying these sentences in different ways.

First, say the sentence out loud as you would if you truly believed the statement.

Then say the same sentence out loud as you would if you didn't believe what you were saying and wanted to convey your disbelief to your listener.

1. You'll never regret buying one of these.

2. This extended warranty is a great deal.

3. This is definitely a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

4. What I'm doing now is the best thing I've ever done.

5. I am the best at what I do.

Speech Exercise: Drama Queens and Kings

Picture yourself as a star of a long-running soap opera or TV show. What do stars do? They emote. This role-playing speech exercise will help you develop a more expressive voice by exaggerating your normal pitch and rhythm. Put as much expression into your role as you can, following the stage directions. It's best if you work with a partner, as the script is written for two people - although trying to play both roles can be fun, too!

Script

Daphne: (horribly upset) It's all over, Rodney.

Rodney: (anxiously) What do you mean?

Daphne: I mean I just can't go on like this. The sneaking around, the hiding, trying to make sure that no one sees us...

Rodney (compassionately) It hasn't been easy for me, either, you know.

Daphne: I know... I know...

Rodney: I mean, it's just not what we're used to, is it? I know that you understand, but other people... What if they found out? I can't stop thinking about it.

Daphne: (brutally) We'd never be able to hold up our heads again. We'd be outcasts.

Rodney: (firmly) If we just stick together, we can get through it. Where's your famous will power?

Daphne: But it's driving me mad. How much worse than this could it be? I just can't stop thinking about it.

Rodney: So that's it, then? You're just going to throw in the towel?

Daphne: I have to, Rodney. Don't you understand? I thought you of all people...

Rodney: (bitterly) Oh, I understand, all right. Go ahead then. You always do just what you want to do anyhow.

Daphne: (outraged) That's not true! How dare you accuse me of being selfish after all the sacrifices I've made!

Rodney: See? All you can talk about is your sacrifices. As if I haven't made any. And now you're being selfish again. How do you think I'm going to be able to carry on by myself?

Daphne: (snidely) Well you were the one that was talking about will power.

Rodney: Yeah, right. As if I'm going to be able to stick to this protein only diet once you start filling the cupboards with bread and doughnuts again!

End Script

Like any star, you may rerun these lines any number of times. For more variety, change the stage directions. In the opening lines, have Daphne speak calmly and Rodney curiously, for instance.

Reading the lines of published plays and scripts out loud is another great way to practice increasing the expression in your voice - and of course, to continue polishing your clarity speech skills.

The Benefits of Getting Rid of Your Monotone Voice

As your voice expression increases, your listeners will:

Be more interested in what you're saying and more attentive;

Be more likely to be receptive to you and the message you're communicating.

Speech Lesson 3 Homework Assignment

Set aside a minimum of 15 minutes a day this week to work on your voice expression.

Start by working through the exercises on this page. You will want to go through each of these speech exercises at least three times.

In addition, you'll want to start working with other passages. As I suggest at the end of the Drama Queens and Kings exercise, published plays are an excellent source of material for improving your expression speech skill. Reading poetry out loud is another excellent practice.

Perhaps the best source of speech exercise material to get rid of a monotone voice is children's books. When we read one of these aloud to a child, we tend to try out a variety of different voices and exaggerate the expression in our voices in response to the child's response as we read.

If you have no children's books (or children) on hand, remember that any fiction will work. Reading Shakespeare aloud, for instance, is wonderful practice. Use your fifteen minutes a day to read out loud. It's best if you read to an audience, as having an audience will help you focus on using expression to interest (and perhaps enthrall) your listeners.

Over time, as you consistently practice this speech skill, you'll find your "signature" voice change - becoming both more expressive and more pleasing.

A speech lesson especially for those who speak too quickly or too slowly is up next.

Go on to Speak for Success Speech Lesson 4.

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How to Pep Up Your Tired Voice - Speech Lesson

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See a full list of speech skills and definitions. Speaking in a monotone voice is a real communication killer. When the variety of your voice's pitch doesn't vary, it's impossible for your listener to maintain any interest in what you're saying. He tunes out - quickly. Once again, your message falls by the wayside.

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Limiting Subjects by PLACE, TIME, TYPE, or some ASPECT can help you craft more accurate, clear, and precise messages

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Great Messages say  something compelling (non-obvious) about their subject.

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Great Messages say  something compelling (non-obvious) about their subject.

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Evaluate the importance, relevance, depth, breadth, practicableness, fairness etc. of the point that you are making.

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Activity: Should the public "trust" Scientists?

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Activity: Should the public "trust" Scientists?

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Scientists …

The public …

Policymakers …

Brainstorm messages using a variety of modals

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4/28
5/19
5/26
6/2
6/9
6/16
6/23

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What`s the most important message you want your audience to understand about:
Your Field
Your Lab / Department
Your Research
YOU?

Remember to …
1. Limit Your Subject when necessary
2. Introduce something unfamiliar (not obvious) or make something familiar new or exciting.
3.  Consider using a modal verb to articulate your idea.

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Practice delivering your main messages in a breakout session.

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Turn slide titles into meaningful messages using Limited Subjects & Precise Claims/ Opinions 

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Turn slide titles into meaningful messages using Limited Subjects & Precise Claims/ Opinions 

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"Nobody // cares how much you know // until // they know // how much you care."

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https://padlet.com/paulconsalvi/uwtc0xwpetqkv561

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Fusion Lab with James Rice　ジェームズライスのフュージョンラボ

水位が上昇し続けると？／Meet Anh Cao - What if the water level keeps rising ?

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Science and Industry Quotes

If you can’t explain what you’re doing aaaand why you’re doing it to any intelligent layman,

that really means (that) you don’t understand it yourself.

Allan Bromley, former President of the American Physical Society

Your attempt to improve may fail, but never fail to make an attempt.

In science (p) the credit goes to the man who convinces the world,(p) not to the man to whom the idea first occurs.

Sir Francis Darwin

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Apr 21, 2021
Meeting Recording:

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Characteristics of Extraordinary Speakers and Presentations:

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Characteristics of Extraordinary Speakers and Presentations:

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Personality
Process
Performance

Non-characteristics

Examples of Extraordinary Speakers and Presentations:

Non-examples

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Types of Presentations

1. Visual Style

2. Freeform Style

3. Instructor Style

4. Coach Style

5. Storytelling Style

6. Connector Style

7. Lessig Style

8. Takahashi Style

Everyone on the internet has an opinion on how to give the "perfect" presentation.

One group champions visual aids, another thinks visual aids are a threat to society as we know it. One expert preaches the benefits of speaking loudly, while another believes the softer you speak the more your audience pays attention. And don't even try to find coordinating opinions on whether you should start your presentation with a story, quote, statistic, or question.

But what if there wasn't just one "right" way to give a presentation? What if there were several? Below, I've outlined eight types of presentation styles. They're used by famous speakers like Steve Jobs and Al Gore -- and none of them are wrong.

Check out each one and decide which will be most effective for you.

Types of Presentation Styles

1. Visual Style

What it is: If you're a firm believer slides simply exist to complement your talking points, this style is for you. With this speaking style, you might need to work a little harder to get your audience engaged, but the dividends can be huge for strong public speakers, visionaries, and storytellers.

When to use it: This style is helpful when speaking to a large audience with broad interests. It's also great for when you need to throw together slides quickly.

Visual style presenter: Steve Jobs

2. Freeform Style

What it is: This impromptu style of presenting doesn't require slides. Instead, the speaker relies on strong stories to illustrate each point. This style works best for those who have a short presentation time and are extremely familiar with their talking points.

When to use it: Elevator pitches, networking events, and impromptu meetings are all scenarios in which to use a freeform style of speaking. You'll appear less rehearsed and more conversational than if you were to pause in the middle of a happy hour to pull up your presentation on a tablet.

Freeform style presenter: Sir Ken Robinson

3. Instructor Style

What it is: This presentation style allows you to deliver complex messages using figures of speech, metaphors, and lots of content -- just like your teachers and professors of old. Your decks should be built in logical order to aid your presentation, and you should use high-impact visuals to support your ideas and keep the audience engaged.

When to use it: If you're not a comfortable presenter or are unfamiliar with your subject matter (i.e., your product was recently updated and you're not familiar with the finer points), try instructor-style presenting.

Instructor style presenter: Al Gore

4. Coach Style

What it is: Energetic and charismatic speakers gravitate towards this style of presenting. It allows them to connect and engage with their audience using role play and listener interaction.

When to use it: Use this presentation style when you're speaking at a conference or presenting to an audience who needs to be put at ease. For example, this style would work well if you were speaking to a group of executives who need to be sold on the idea of what your company does rather than the details of how you do it.

Coach style presenter: Linda Edgecombe

5. Storytelling Style

What it is: In this style, the speaker relies on anecdotes and examples to connect with their audience. Stories bring your learning points to life, and the TED's Commandments never let you down: Let your emotions out and tell your story in an honest way.

When to use it: Avoid this style if you're in the discovery phase of the sales process. You want to keep the conversation about your prospect instead of circling every point or question back to you or a similar client. This style is great for conference speaking, networking events, and sales presentations where you have adequate time to tell your stories without taking minutes away from questions.

Storytelling style presenter: Jill Bolte Taylor

6. Connector Style

What it is: In this style, presenters connect with their audience by showing how they're similar to their listeners. Connectors usually enjoy freeform Q&A and use gestures when they speak. They also highly encourage audience reaction and feedback to what they're saying.

When to use it: Use this style of presenting early in the sales process as you're learning about your prospect's pain points, challenges, and goals. This type of speaking sets your listener at ease, elicits feedback on how you're doing in real time, and is more of a dialogue than a one-sided presentation

Connector style presenter: Connie Dieken

7. Lessig Style

What it is: The Lessig Style was created by Lawrence Lessig, a professor of law and leadership at Harvard Law School. This presentation style requires the presenter to pass through each slide within 15 seconds. When text is used in a slide, it's typically synchronized with the presenter's spoken words.

When to use it: This method of presentation is great for large crowds -- and it allows the speaker to use a balance of text and image to convey their message. The rapid pace and rhythm of the slide progression keeps audiences focused, engaged, and less likely to snooze.

Lessig style presenter: Lawrence Lessig

8. Takahashi Style

What it is: This method features large, bold text on minimal slides. It was devised by Masayoshi Takahashi, who found himself creating slides without access to a presentation design tool or PowerPoint. The main word is the focal point of the slide, and phrases, used sparingly, are short and concise.

When to use it: If you find yourself in Takahashi's shoes -- without presentation design software -- this method is for you. This style works well for short presentations that pack a memorable punch.

Takahashi style presenter: Masayoshi Takahashi
Slides from one of Takahashi's presentations:
Whether you're speaking on a conference stage or giving a sales presentation, you can find a method that works best for you and your audience. With the right style, you'll capture attention, engage listeners, and effectively share your message.

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The 8 Types of Presentation Styles: Which Category Do You Fall Into?

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Visual Style Freeform Style Instructor Style Coach Style Storytelling Style Connector Style Lessig Style Takahashi Style Everyone on the internet has an opinion on how to give the "perfect" presentation. One group champions visual aids, another thinks visual aids are a threat to society as we know it.

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Explain your contribution by identifying the holes your research will help fill.

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Explain your contribution by identifying the holes your research will help fill.

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So many theories and so many gaps to choose from.

What is known and unknown with certainty?

What do you think you know and with how much certainty?

What might explain that which is not known?

What might better explain that which we think we know with certainty?

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The audience has made time for you, now its up to you to show them its the right time for your message.

My message should matter for my audience, RIGHT NOW, because …

If its not urgent, when will it be important?

Make your audience aware of your issues relevance:

Is your audience ready to listen to you?
Is your audience willing to receive your message?

As a member of the audience I want to know how relevant your research is for the speaker.

The time

The place

The community

Have recent events made your issue more/less urgent?

Do you need to show your issue's urgency or make it relevant to the present?

Which arguments are receiving more/less attention. RIGHT NOW?

Who is making these arguments? Why?

Is there opening for a new argument on your chosen issue?

How might you create a new opening?

Example: Is now a good time to teach Critical Thinking?
Time: Global Threat, Finding Jobs
Place: Japan, Asia
Community: Science

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Do I need Personal Development Planning?

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Do I need Personal Development Planning?

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Self-evaluation exercise.  For each of the following statements, rate your responses: strongly agree = 0; agree = 1; sort of agree = 2; disagree = 3; strongly disagree = 4.

1. I am certain that I can keep myself motivated towards achieving my degree for the next few years

2. I am very clear what my goals are for the next five years

3. I am confident that I have planned sufficiently to enable me to achieve my goals

4. I am very clear how my degree fits into my life plans

5. I am clear which skills employers are looking for

6. I am confident I have the skills employers are looking for

7. I am very clear about the importance of reflective activity to professional life

8. I am comfortable that I am able to undertake structured reflection without guidelines

9. I am confident that I can develop an effective strategy to meet most circumstances

10. I am confident that I can set well-formed targets

11. I have a clear understanding of how to evaluate my own performance

12. I am confident that I know how to improve my performance in most circumstances

13. I know how to apply my expertise in one area to a very different field

14. I am confident that I can see myself as others see me

15. I am confident that I have effective listening skills

16. I am an assertive person

17. I am a good ‘self-starter’

18. I am aware of the best roles for me to fill for team work

19. I am confident at problem-solving

20. I am confident that I know how to make best use of my mind

21. I am confident that I will take a creative approach to most problems

22. I am confident about making competence-based applications for jobs

23. I am always very clear about which skills I am developing

24. I can see clearly how my skills apply to a wide range of other situations

25. I know where my own ‘developmental edge’ lies

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Style of Learning: How Ready and Committed are you to Learn and Improve?

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Style of Learning: How Ready and Committed are you to Learn and Improve?

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You are ready and committed if you strongly agree to the following:
1.     I am committed to improving certain specific communication skills.
2.     I want to receive feedback in order to improve my communication skills.
3.     In order to enhance my communication skills, I am willing to receive constructive feedback in front of my fellow class members.
4.     I won’t take it personally when I receive criticism of my communication skills.
5.     I am willing to give others feedback that will allow my colleagues to improve their communication skills.
6.     I think it is important to keep my commitments to fellow group members.
7.     I believe it is important to fully discuss the responsibilities of all group members.
8.     If I can’t keep a commitment, I should inform my fellow group members ahead of time.
9.     I believe it is important to hold all group members accountable for their stated commitments.
10.  I want to learn by working through communication problems, rather than the professor telling me all the answers.
11.  Developing my critical thinking skills is just as important as developing my communication skills.
12.  I’m comfortable with a professor who equivocates (hedges or uses ambiguous language) on occasion especially when providing feedback.
13.  Effective communication involves both repressing certain thoughts, feelings and intuitions as well as expressing certain goal-driven messages.
14.  Sometimes what a communicator chooses not to say is just as important as what he or she does say.
15.  I believe it is important to demonstrate my oral, written and visual communication competencies in this class.

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Definition

Pollution is the term used to describe toxins in our environment

Background-Context-Stakeholders

Industrial pollution has been regulated more than in the past but is still a huge problem for children and future generations.

Rhetorical Questioning:

How can the consequences of pollution be balanced with the needs of developing countries such as China?

A rhetorical question should not be simplistic or phrased so that the only answer is in favor of your opinion such as: Don't you hate pollution? or

Who would want to live in a world surrounded by heaps of garbage and poor quality air?

Personal Appeal: Human beings are emotional; establish common ground that your audience can relate to.  This is also known as empathy.

We all want a cleaner world for our generation and for future generations.  Everyone should have the right to be born into a clean world

Facts / Common Knowledge

There are 4 major types of pollution

Data / Statistic

Out of 30 students interviewed, 28 reported seeing garbage all over the schoolyard when they come back from the weekend

Example

For example, the weather in Florida never used to get below 30 degrees. Now, it is usual for them to experience temperatures in the teens!

Small Story/Anecdote

One time when I went swimming in the ocean, I couldn't paddle two feet without touching a piece of garbage floating around me

Quotes (Direct or indirect) from authorities or primary/secondary sources

Michael Osmond, Director of the Centers for Disease Control, reports, "Pollution spreading is an extremely critical issue that must be addressed by policy makers and the general public in order to get it under control."

Line of Reasoning: Flow of Logic: If A equals B, and B equals C, then A must equal C.  If the statements in your equation are true, then your conclusion must be true as well. Also works well for "if... then..." statements

If every school in America agreed to stop producing paper-based fliers and went green with online fliers instead, we would reduce our carbon footprint by 30%

Concession: Acknowledge opposing points of view and offer your rebuttal

While some people believe that pollution is only a problem for those living in major cities, they are inaccurate.  Pollution spreads far beyond the invisible boundaries that outline our cities and metropolitan areas.

Response / Reaction / Opinion

In my experience, many students find recycling to be an afterthought - not necessarily a critical issue.

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How would you convince a talented scientist not to abandon their research?

How might you elaborate with a science denier on a a topic such as climate change, vaccines, GMOs, animal testing, flat earth etc.?

How might you defending science from denial, fraud and pseudoscience

Teach a concept from your field.

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Set goals for attaining skills and develop a plan for improving your future presentations

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Set goals for attaining skills and develop a plan for improving your future presentations

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BY THE END OF THIS COURSE, I WILL NOT BE SATISFIED UNLESS . . .

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BY THE END OF THIS COURSE, I WILL NOT BE SATISFIED UNLESS . . .

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I better understand  1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

(about PRESENTATIONS)

I can do  1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

(To some extent)

I can do  1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________  (EXTREMELY WELL)

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Posted on 31 March 2020 by John Cook

In 2007, Mark Hoofnagle suggested on his Science Blog Denialism that denialists across a range of topics such as climate change, evolution, & HIV/AIDS all employed the same rhetorical tactics to sow confusion. The five general tactics were conspiracy, selectivity (cherry-picking), fake experts, impossible expectations (also known as moving goalposts), and general fallacies of logic.

Two years later, Pascal Diethelm and Martin McKee published an article in the scientific journal European Journal of Public Health titled Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond? They further fleshed out Hoofnagle's five denialist tactics and argued that we should expose to public scrutiny the tactics of denial, identifying them for what they are. I took this advice to heart and began including the five denialist tactics in my own talks about climate misinformation.

In 2013, the Australian Youth Climate Coalition invited me to give a workshop about climate misinformation at their annual summit. As I prepared my presentation, I mused on whether the five denial techniques could be adapted into a sticky, easy-to-remember acronym. I vividly remember my first attempt: beginning with Fake Experts, Unrealistic Expectations, Cherry Picking... realizing I was going in a problematic direction for a workshop for young participants. I started over and settled on FLICC: Fake experts, Logical fallacies, Impossible expectations, Cherry picking, and Conspiracy theories.

When I led a 2015 collaboration between the University of Queensland and Skeptical Science to develop the free online course Denial101x: Making Sense of Climate Science Denial, we made FLICC the underlying framework of the entire course. An important component of our debunking of the most common myths about climate change was identifying the denial techniques in each myth. A common comment we received from students was how much they appreciated learning about FLICC.

Since moving to the Center for Climate Change Communication at George Mason University, I've continued to build the FLICC taxonomy. In my collaboration with critical thinking philosophers Peter Ellerton and David Kinkead, I was introduced to reasoning fallacies that we hadn't included in Denial101x. As I begun developing the Cranky Uncle game, I began a series of fallacy quizzes where I gradually built the taxonomy up as I introduced people to an ever-growing collection of denial techniques (note the differing difficulty levels between quiz #1 and quiz #8). When Stephan Lewandowsky and I published The Conspiracy Theory Handbook, we added seven traits of conspiratorial thinking. Here is the latest version of the FLICC taxonomy (with all the icons freely available and shareable on Wikimedia):

When I visited Brisbane in December 2019, I asked the University of Queensland if I could record a video explaining the updated FLICC taxonomy. They agreed but once they saw my script, including explanations and definitions of each denial technique, they suggested I divide the video into a three-parter. Always a sucker for a trilogy, I agreed - here are the three videos:

As well as the videos, this post includes written definitions and examples of each denial technique. I will continue to update this table as the taxonomy evolves in the future.

False Choice

Presenting two options as the only possibilities, when other possibilities exist.

"CO2 lags temperature in the ice core record, proving that temperature drives CO2, notthe other way around."

Oversimplification

Simplifying a situation in such a way as to distort understanding, leading to erroneous conclusions.

"CO2 is plant food so burning fossil fuels will be good for plants."

Red Herring

Deliberately diverting attention to an irrelevant point to distract from a more important point.

"CO2 is a trace gas so it's warming effect is minimal."

And lastly, a bit of fun. Every year, Inside the Greenhouse hold a competition inviting people to submit climate comedy videos. In 2019, I submitted Giving Climate Denial the FLICC, which received an honorable mention.

This post is reposted from crankyuncle.com.

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A history of FLICC: the 5 techniques of science denial

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In 2007, Mark Hoofnagle suggested on his Science Blog Denialism that denialists across a range of topics such as climate change, evolution, & HIV/AIDS all employed the same rhetorical tactics to sow confusion. The five general tactics were conspiracy, selectivity (cherry-picking), fake experts, impossible expectations (also known as moving goalposts), and general fallacies of logic.

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Individual Development Planning for Speaking & Presentations Made Easy

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Consider various styles and presentation skills and make a video in which you explain an important concept to a non-science audience.

OR

Consider various styles and presentation skills and make a video in which you explain a picture, image, equation, or any type of slide that has very few words.

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Developing the appropriate skills will depend on the type of presenter you are working to become.

Using the material below tell us a bit about your goals.

Paul

Body Language: Uses physical movements and gestures to support the presentation
Speaking: Can be easily heard and understood while using proper inflection and tone when speaking
Interaction: Establishes a connection with the audience through questions, comments, and other participation

From the list below select your priorities and then try to identify related skills.

First Priority: (e.g. Expertise)

Second Priority:  (e.g. Energy)

Third Priority:  (e.g. Inspiration)

Caring: The audience believes the presenter is genuine and sincere
Empathy: Sees and understands audience's perspective
Happiness: Presenter enjoys giving the presentation
Energy: Presenter shows a liveliness in sharing knowledge
Passion: Presenter truly believes in what they are presenting
Motivation: Instills a sense of enthusiasm
Expertise: Presenter logically explains or simplifies the materials.
Inspiration: Audience feels encouraged to incorporate learned concepts
Self-Confidence: Presenter appears prepared and in control of presentation or discussion regardless of the audience size, rank or level of expertise
Approachable: Presenter appears friendly and receptive to comments and interaction
Personal Appearance: Presenter looks and behaves professionally

Body Language: Uses physical movements and gestures to support the presentation
Speaking: Can be easily heard and understood while using proper inflection and tone when speaking
Interaction: Establishes a connection with the audience through questions, comments, and other participation

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Teach a Concept:

Did you...
Clearly explain the significance of the concept?

Provide specific and clear explanations?

Prompt your audience to recall prior knowledge; ensure they had prerequisite knowledge

Make it highly relevant.

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Use “Task Words” and “Questions” to develop a winning strategy.

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Use “Task Words” and “Questions” to develop a winning strategy.

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Warning! This works best only after you have decided on a “Main Message” because in order to be strategic you need a unifying main message as your goal.

What are Task Words?

How do Task Words help you become strategic?

Why use Questions? Don’t I have to provide Answers?

Organize Content Strategically

Organize Using Questions: Upon listening to your main message, what are all the possible questions that your audience will have?

What questions will you answer for the audience?

1

2

3

4

Organize Using Task Words: What will you do in your presentation in order to convince or persuade your audience that your opinions/ ideas are valid/ remarkable/ worth listening to?

define, label, show, list, match, name, relate, tell, recall, compare, contrast, demonstrate, extend, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, rephrase, translate, summarize, show, apply, develop, interview, make use of, organize, experiment with, plan, utilize, model, identify, analyze, categorize, classify, discover, dissect, divide, examine, inspect, simplify, survey, take part in, test for, distinguish, distinction, theme, relationships, function, motive, inference, assume, build, combine, compile, compose, construct, create, design, develop, estimate, formulate, imagine, invent, make up, originate, plan, predict, propose, solve, suppose, discuss, modify, change, improve, adapt, minimize, maximize, delete, theorize, elaborate, test, improve, happen, award, choose, conclude, criticize, decide, defend, determine, dispute, evaluate, judge, justify, measure,  mark, rate, recommend, rule on, select, agree, interpret, explain, appraise, prioritize, opinion, support, select criteria, prove, disprove, assess, influence, perceive, value, estimate, influence, deduct, quantify, qualify, synthesize

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Rethink and Revise with Critical Thinking Questions- 

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Rethink and Revise with Critical Thinking Questions- 

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1) The main purpose of your presentation could be to …

2) The key questions you think you need to answer for your audience are…

Question you need for context/clarity

Questions to overcome audience’s doubts:

(Manageable or Unmanageable Questions)

3) The most important information you think you need to provide is ...

4) The main conclusions could be …

5) The main ideas/ concepts your audience needs to understand in order to understand your presentation is ...

6) The main assumptions underlying your presentation are …

7) The main implications of your line of reasoning is (are) __________.

8) The main points of view presented in your presentation are…

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Watch video on cryptocurrencies

Was it informative?
What were his opinions?
What were your takeaways?

Questions:
What questions did he answer?
What questions do you want answered?

Task words:
What did he do?
What could he have done?

Were any Critical Thinking Elements missing?
Could something have been added, enhanced, reduced or eliminated?

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Doing a Presentation Pre-Mortem will reduce your fear an increase your success rate. 

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Doing a Presentation Pre-Mortem will reduce your fear an increase your success rate. 

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Why will your presentation fail to fulfil your objective?  informing, persuading, inspiring

https://padlet.com/paulconsalvi/tq650x2h7m1psmmp

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How and why research fails

Low quality output and failure to improve is most often brought about by a lack of dedication. Lack of dedication is also probably the most common reason for lack of success in completing a PhD.

Additional reasons for not completing a PhD include the following:

•  Lack of planning and organisation

•  Failure to address the question

•  Inability to convince the reader (bad arguments/evidence)

•  Inability to integrate information and supporting evidence

•  Invalid or unreliable data

•  Lack of knowledge (not “up to date”)

•  Superficial or shallow treatment of range of issues

•  Thin literature review (not enough material covered)

•  Overly selective literature review

•  Inability to identify a gap in research

There are also minimum standards of acceptable theses (without which the thesis will  definitely fail):

•  Correct format, style, references and language

•  Presentation

•  Correct use of referenced materials

•  A degree of originality

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Most people experience some level of speech anxiety when they have to speak in front of a group; in fact, public speaking is many people's greatest fear. Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of "nerves" to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the most common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking, sweating, butterflies in the stomach, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, and squeaky voice. Although it is often impossible to completely eliminate speech anxiety there are a variety of ways to deal with it and even make it work to your advantage.

About Speech Anxiety

Experiencing speech anxiety is normal. Nearly everyone gets nervous when they have to give a speech or a presentation, even experienced speakers. The speakers that look relaxed and confident have simply learned how to handle their anxiety and use it to enhance their performance.

Most of your anxiety is not visible to the audience. You may feel like you are shaking uncontrollably but people in the audience probably cannot even tell. Gain confidence from the fact that you are the only one who knows how nervous you are.

The audience wants you to succeed. Novice speakers commonly feel that the people in the audience are extremely critical and want them to fail. This is very rarely the case. Think about situations where you have been an audience member. Did you want the speaker to fail? Probably not, in fact we are usually quite supportive of speakers and may even feel bad for them if they stumble over a word or lose their train of thought. Most audiences you will address as a student are rooting for you.

Anxiety decreases as a speech progresses. Speech anxiety is usually worst right before a speech and at the beginning of the speech. Most people find that once they get through the introduction their anxiety begins to decrease and confidence increases.

Tips for Dealing with Speech Anxiety

Before the speech . . .

Identify the cause of your nervousness. Write down the reasons why you are nervous to give a speech or presentation. If you come up with something like, "I'm afraid I'll look stupid" dig a little deeper. What would make you look stupid? You may find that you are really afraid that you will forget what you wanted to say. This will help you pinpoint specific things to work on. If you are afraid you will forget what you wanted to say then spending extra time practicing your speech should reduce that anxiety.

Choose topics that you are interested in. We do not always get to choose topics that we speak about. If you are able to choose your topic pick one that interests you. It is much easier to spend time researching and preparing a presentation on a topic that you care about than one you have no interest in. You will also be more inclined to display enthusiasm about a topic that you enjoy.

Prepare your speech early and thoroughly. Having to prepare a speech at the last minute will only increase your anxiety. After you have prepared your speech PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!! Practice delivering your speech at least 7 to 10 times before your actual presentation. Be sure that you know the organization of your main points to avoid losing your place. Watch yourself in the mirror while you deliver your speech, this will allow you to see your gestures and body language and practice making eye contact. You can also give your speech to friends or family members and ask them for feedback. Audio or videotaping your speech are other ways to evaluate and improve your delivery. If you are given a time limit for your presentation be sure to use a stopwatch as you give your speech. Time each practice run and make changes to ensure that you will be able to stay within your allotted time. Keep in mind that most of us speak more quickly when we are in front of a real audience.

Know your topic. If you have researched the topic thoroughly you will be certain that you are presenting accurate information and you will be able to answer questions that the audience may ask. These things will greatly increase your confidence.

Be aware of the speech situation. One of the hardest things for a speaker to deal with is a surprise. While we cannot completely avoid surprises we can minimize them. Make sure that you are aware of all aspects of the speech situation ahead of time. Know your time limit, the size of your audience, the make-up of your audience (see audience analysis), what equipment you will have available to you (computer, overhead, podium, easel, etc.), and any other details that may affect your presentation. Also, if you are using any type of technology in your speech (i.e. a PowerPoint presentation) be sure that you have a back-up plan (see Visual Aids and Technology). Technology can be a wonderful tool but it can also be unpredictable.

Set realistic expectations. No one is perfect. Public speaking is difficult to master even seasoned speakers make mistakes. Instead of telling yourself that you have to deliver your speech flawlessly, think realistic things like, "If I lose my place I will calmly scan my notes and then continue my speech" or "Small mistakes aren't going to ruin my speech."

Replace negative thoughts with positive ones and visualize success. Thinking negative thoughts increases anxiety. When a negative thought comes to mind try to immediately replace it with positive thoughts. For example, if you think, "I'm going to forget what to say and just stand there," replace that with thoughts like, "I've done a great deal of research and I know this topic well" and "I have practiced my speech many times and I'm going to deliver it just like I practiced." Other performers such as athletes and musicians have found that visualization can be a powerful tool to improve performance. See yourself delivering the speech with confidence and successfully conveying your message.

Continue gaining experience. One of the best ways to combat speech anxiety is to gain speaking experience. Take any opportunity that you have to speak in public. Speak in your classes or volunteer to give presentations for groups you are involved in - anything that gives you a chance to hone your speaking skills.

On the day of the speech . . .

Exercise. Exercising on the day of a speech can help reduce anxiety and stress.

Use relaxation techniques. Simple relaxation techniques lessen anxiety and allow them to focus on the task at hand. Some of the most common relaxation techniques are: taking deep breaths, tightening and then relaxing your muscles, and visualizing a peaceful scene.

Accept fear and use it. Accept the fact that you are nervous (remember it's normal to experience speech anxiety) and use that nervous energy to enhance your delivery. Use the extra adrenaline that you get from fear to invigorate your gestures and enthusiasm about your topic. Remember, even the best speakers get nervous, but they use it to their benefit.

Wear clothes that you feel confident in. Most of us have a few outfits that we feel particularly comfortable and confident in. These are good things to wear when you present a speech. If you feel good about how you look standing in front of your audience, you can put all of your focus on your message. You do not want to distract your audience or yourself by adjusting your clothes or hair during your speech.

Act confident and do not profess your anxiety to the audience. Remember that your nervousness is usually invisible to your audience. If you act confident your audience will assume that you are. This can become a positive circular process: the audience gives you the respect of a competent speaker, you receive positive feedback that gives you more confidence in your ability, and the audience gives you more respect. A common mistake that novice speakers make is telling the audience that they are nervous. This does not lessen your anxiety and it tends to make your audience uncomfortable since they want you to succeed. Acting confident is a much more effective strategy.

Find friendly faces in the crowd. While you are speaking find one or two people in the audience that are giving you positive feedback (nodding in agreement, smiling when appropriate, etc.). When you feel nervous make eye contact with those people. Their friendly faces will give you encouragement.

Find ways to hide your anxiety. If your mouth goes dry, be sure to bring a glass of water with you when you speak. If you sweat excessively, wear clothes that will not allow your audience to detect it. If your hands shake, use gestures that mask the shaking.

Most people experience some level of speech anxiety when they have to speak in front of a group; in fact, public speaking is many people's greatest fear. Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of "nerves" to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the most common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking, sweating, butterflies in the stomach, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, and squeaky voice. Although it is often impossible to completely eliminate speech anxiety there are a variety of ways to deal with it and even make it work to your advantage.

About Speech Anxiety

Experiencing speech anxiety is normal. Nearly everyone gets nervous when they have to give a speech or a presentation, even experienced speakers. The speakers that look relaxed and confident have simply learned how to handle their anxiety and use it to enhance their performance.

Most of your anxiety is not visible to the audience. You may feel like you are shaking uncontrollably but people in the audience probably cannot even tell. Gain confidence from the fact that you are the only one who knows how nervous you are.

The audience wants you to succeed. Novice speakers commonly feel that the people in the audience are extremely critical and want them to fail. This is very rarely the case. Think about situations where you have been an audience member. Did you want the speaker to fail? Probably not, in fact we are usually quite supportive of speakers and may even feel bad for them if they stumble over a word or lose their train of thought. Most audiences you will address as a student are rooting for you.

Anxiety decreases as a speech progresses. Speech anxiety is usually worst right before a speech and at the beginning of the speech. Most people find that once they get through the introduction their anxiety begins to decrease and confidence increases.

Tips for Dealing with Speech Anxiety

Before the speech . . .

Identify the cause of your nervousness. Write down the reasons why you are nervous to give a speech or presentation. If you come up with something like, "I'm afraid I'll look stupid" dig a little deeper. What would make you look stupid? You may find that you are really afraid that you will forget what you wanted to say. This will help you pinpoint specific things to work on. If you are afraid you will forget what you wanted to say then spending extra time practicing your speech should reduce that anxiety.

Choose topics that you are interested in. We do not always get to choose topics that we speak about. If you are able to choose your topic pick one that interests you. It is much easier to spend time researching and preparing a presentation on a topic that you care about than one you have no interest in. You will also be more inclined to display enthusiasm about a topic that you enjoy.

Prepare your speech early and thoroughly. Having to prepare a speech at the last minute will only increase your anxiety. After you have prepared your speech PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!! Practice delivering your speech at least 7 to 10 times before your actual presentation. Be sure that you know the organization of your main points to avoid losing your place. Watch yourself in the mirror while you deliver your speech, this will allow you to see your gestures and body language and practice making eye contact. You can also give your speech to friends or family members and ask them for feedback. Audio or videotaping your speech are other ways to evaluate and improve your delivery. If you are given a time limit for your presentation be sure to use a stopwatch as you give your speech. Time each practice run and make changes to ensure that you will be able to stay within your allotted time. Keep in mind that most of us speak more quickly when we are in front of a real audience.

Know your topic. If you have researched the topic thoroughly you will be certain that you are presenting accurate information and you will be able to answer questions that the audience may ask. These things will greatly increase your confidence.

Be aware of the speech situation. One of the hardest things for a speaker to deal with is a surprise. While we cannot completely avoid surprises we can minimize them. Make sure that you are aware of all aspects of the speech situation ahead of time. Know your time limit, the size of your audience, the make-up of your audience (see audience analysis), what equipment you will have available to you (computer, overhead, podium, easel, etc.), and any other details that may affect your presentation. Also, if you are using any type of technology in your speech (i.e. a PowerPoint presentation) be sure that you have a back-up plan (see Visual Aids and Technology). Technology can be a wonderful tool but it can also be unpredictable.

Set realistic expectations. No one is perfect. Public speaking is difficult to master even seasoned speakers make mistakes. Instead of telling yourself that you have to deliver your speech flawlessly, think realistic things like, "If I lose my place I will calmly scan my notes and then continue my speech" or "Small mistakes aren't going to ruin my speech."

Replace negative thoughts with positive ones and visualize success. Thinking negative thoughts increases anxiety. When a negative thought comes to mind try to immediately replace it with positive thoughts. For example, if you think, "I'm going to forget what to say and just stand there," replace that with thoughts like, "I've done a great deal of research and I know this topic well" and "I have practiced my speech many times and I'm going to deliver it just like I practiced." Other performers such as athletes and musicians have found that visualization can be a powerful tool to improve performance. See yourself delivering the speech with confidence and successfully conveying your message.

Continue gaining experience. One of the best ways to combat speech anxiety is to gain speaking experience. Take any opportunity that you have to speak in public. Speak in your classes or volunteer to give presentations for groups you are involved in - anything that gives you a chance to hone your speaking skills.

On the day of the speech . . .

Exercise. Exercising on the day of a speech can help reduce anxiety and stress.

Use relaxation techniques. Simple relaxation techniques lessen anxiety and allow them to focus on the task at hand. Some of the most common relaxation techniques are: taking deep breaths, tightening and then relaxing your muscles, and visualizing a peaceful scene.

Accept fear and use it. Accept the fact that you are nervous (remember it's normal to experience speech anxiety) and use that nervous energy to enhance your delivery. Use the extra adrenaline that you get from fear to invigorate your gestures and enthusiasm about your topic. Remember, even the best speakers get nervous, but they use it to their benefit.

Wear clothes that you feel confident in. Most of us have a few outfits that we feel particularly comfortable and confident in. These are good things to wear when you present a speech. If you feel good about how you look standing in front of your audience, you can put all of your focus on your message. You do not want to distract your audience or yourself by adjusting your clothes or hair during your speech.

Act confident and do not profess your anxiety to the audience. Remember that your nervousness is usually invisible to your audience. If you act confident your audience will assume that you are. This can become a positive circular process: the audience gives you the respect of a competent speaker, you receive positive feedback that gives you more confidence in your ability, and the audience gives you more respect. A common mistake that novice speakers make is telling the audience that they are nervous. This does not lessen your anxiety and it tends to make your audience uncomfortable since they want you to succeed. Acting confident is a much more effective strategy.

Find friendly faces in the crowd. While you are speaking find one or two people in the audience that are giving you positive feedback (nodding in agreement, smiling when appropriate, etc.). When you feel nervous make eye contact with those people. Their friendly faces will give you encouragement.

Find ways to hide your anxiety. If your mouth goes dry, be sure to bring a glass of water with you when you speak. If you sweat excessively, wear clothes that will not allow your audience to detect it. If your hands shake, use gestures that mask the shaking.

Most people experience some level of speech anxiety when they have to speak in front of a group; in fact, public speaking is many people's greatest fear. Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of "nerves" to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the most common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking, sweating, butterflies in the stomach, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, and squeaky voice. Although it is often impossible to completely eliminate speech anxiety there are a variety of ways to deal with it and even make it work to your advantage.

About Speech Anxiety

Experiencing speech anxiety is normal. Nearly everyone gets nervous when they have to give a speech or a presentation, even experienced speakers. The speakers that look relaxed and confident have simply learned how to handle their anxiety and use it to enhance their performance.

Most of your anxiety is not visible to the audience. You may feel like you are shaking uncontrollably but people in the audience probably cannot even tell. Gain confidence from the fact that you are the only one who knows how nervous you are.

The audience wants you to succeed. Novice speakers commonly feel that the people in the audience are extremely critical and want them to fail. This is very rarely the case. Think about situations where you have been an audience member. Did you want the speaker to fail? Probably not, in fact we are usually quite supportive of speakers and may even feel bad for them if they stumble over a word or lose their train of thought. Most audiences you will address as a student are rooting for you.

Anxiety decreases as a speech progresses. Speech anxiety is usually worst right before a speech and at the beginning of the speech. Most people find that once they get through the introduction their anxiety begins to decrease and confidence increases.

Tips for Dealing with Speech Anxiety

Before the speech . . .

Identify the cause of your nervousness. Write down the reasons why you are nervous to give a speech or presentation. If you come up with something like, "I'm afraid I'll look stupid" dig a little deeper. What would make you look stupid? You may find that you are really afraid that you will forget what you wanted to say. This will help you pinpoint specific things to work on. If you are afraid you will forget what you wanted to say then spending extra time practicing your speech should reduce that anxiety.

Choose topics that you are interested in. We do not always get to choose topics that we speak about. If you are able to choose your topic pick one that interests you. It is much easier to spend time researching and preparing a presentation on a topic that you care about than one you have no interest in. You will also be more inclined to display enthusiasm about a topic that you enjoy.

Prepare your speech early and thoroughly. Having to prepare a speech at the last minute will only increase your anxiety. After you have prepared your speech PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!! Practice delivering your speech at least 7 to 10 times before your actual presentation. Be sure that you know the organization of your main points to avoid losing your place. Watch yourself in the mirror while you deliver your speech, this will allow you to see your gestures and body language and practice making eye contact. You can also give your speech to friends or family members and ask them for feedback. Audio or videotaping your speech are other ways to evaluate and improve your delivery. If you are given a time limit for your presentation be sure to use a stopwatch as you give your speech. Time each practice run and make changes to ensure that you will be able to stay within your allotted time. Keep in mind that most of us speak more quickly when we are in front of a real audience.

Know your topic. If you have researched the topic thoroughly you will be certain that you are presenting accurate information and you will be able to answer questions that the audience may ask. These things will greatly increase your confidence.

Be aware of the speech situation. One of the hardest things for a speaker to deal with is a surprise. While we cannot completely avoid surprises we can minimize them. Make sure that you are aware of all aspects of the speech situation ahead of time. Know your time limit, the size of your audience, the make-up of your audience (see audience analysis), what equipment you will have available to you (computer, overhead, podium, easel, etc.), and any other details that may affect your presentation. Also, if you are using any type of technology in your speech (i.e. a PowerPoint presentation) be sure that you have a back-up plan (see Visual Aids and Technology). Technology can be a wonderful tool but it can also be unpredictable.

Set realistic expectations. No one is perfect. Public speaking is difficult to master even seasoned speakers make mistakes. Instead of telling yourself that you have to deliver your speech flawlessly, think realistic things like, "If I lose my place I will calmly scan my notes and then continue my speech" or "Small mistakes aren't going to ruin my speech."

Replace negative thoughts with positive ones and visualize success. Thinking negative thoughts increases anxiety. When a negative thought comes to mind try to immediately replace it with positive thoughts. For example, if you think, "I'm going to forget what to say and just stand there," replace that with thoughts like, "I've done a great deal of research and I know this topic well" and "I have practiced my speech many times and I'm going to deliver it just like I practiced." Other performers such as athletes and musicians have found that visualization can be a powerful tool to improve performance. See yourself delivering the speech with confidence and successfully conveying your message.

Continue gaining experience. One of the best ways to combat speech anxiety is to gain speaking experience. Take any opportunity that you have to speak in public. Speak in your classes or volunteer to give presentations for groups you are involved in - anything that gives you a chance to hone your speaking skills.

On the day of the speech . . .

Exercise. Exercising on the day of a speech can help reduce anxiety and stress.

Use relaxation techniques. Simple relaxation techniques lessen anxiety and allow them to focus on the task at hand. Some of the most common relaxation techniques are: taking deep breaths, tightening and then relaxing your muscles, and visualizing a peaceful scene.

Accept fear and use it. Accept the fact that you are nervous (remember it's normal to experience speech anxiety) and use that nervous energy to enhance your delivery. Use the extra adrenaline that you get from fear to invigorate your gestures and enthusiasm about your topic. Remember, even the best speakers get nervous, but they use it to their benefit.

Wear clothes that you feel confident in. Most of us have a few outfits that we feel particularly comfortable and confident in. These are good things to wear when you present a speech. If you feel good about how you look standing in front of your audience, you can put all of your focus on your message. You do not want to distract your audience or yourself by adjusting your clothes or hair during your speech.

Act confident and do not profess your anxiety to the audience. Remember that your nervousness is usually invisible to your audience. If you act confident your audience will assume that you are. This can become a positive circular process: the audience gives you the respect of a competent speaker, you receive positive feedback that gives you more confidence in your ability, and the audience gives you more respect. A common mistake that novice speakers make is telling the audience that they are nervous. This does not lessen your anxiety and it tends to make your audience uncomfortable since they want you to succeed. Acting confident is a much more effective strategy.

Find friendly faces in the crowd. While you are speaking find one or two people in the audience that are giving you positive feedback (nodding in agreement, smiling when appropriate, etc.). When you feel nervous make eye contact with those people. Their friendly faces will give you encouragement.

Find ways to hide your anxiety. If your mouth goes dry, be sure to bring a glass of water with you when you speak. If you sweat excessively, wear clothes that will not allow your audience to detect it. If your hands shake, use gestures that mask the shaking.

Most people experience some level of speech anxiety when they have to speak in front of a group; in fact, public speaking is many people's greatest fear. Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of "nerves" to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the most common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking, sweating, butterflies in the stomach, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, and squeaky voice. Although it is often impossible to completely eliminate speech anxiety there are a variety of ways to deal with it and even make it work to your advantage.

About Speech Anxiety

Experiencing speech anxiety is normal. Nearly everyone gets nervous when they have to give a speech or a presentation, even experienced speakers. The speakers that look relaxed and confident have simply learned how to handle their anxiety and use it to enhance their performance.

Most of your anxiety is not visible to the audience. You may feel like you are shaking uncontrollably but people in the audience probably cannot even tell. Gain confidence from the fact that you are the only one who knows how nervous you are.

The audience wants you to succeed. Novice speakers commonly feel that the people in the audience are extremely critical and want them to fail. This is very rarely the case. Think about situations where you have been an audience member. Did you want the speaker to fail? Probably not, in fact we are usually quite supportive of speakers and may even feel bad for them if they stumble over a word or lose their train of thought. Most audiences you will address as a student are rooting for you.

Anxiety decreases as a speech progresses. Speech anxiety is usually worst right before a speech and at the beginning of the speech. Most people find that once they get through the introduction their anxiety begins to decrease and confidence increases.

Tips for Dealing with Speech Anxiety

Before the speech . . .

Identify the cause of your nervousness. Write down the reasons why you are nervous to give a speech or presentation. If you come up with something like, "I'm afraid I'll look stupid" dig a little deeper. What would make you look stupid? You may find that you are really afraid that you will forget what you wanted to say. This will help you pinpoint specific things to work on. If you are afraid you will forget what you wanted to say then spending extra time practicing your speech should reduce that anxiety.

Choose topics that you are interested in. We do not always get to choose topics that we speak about. If you are able to choose your topic pick one that interests you. It is much easier to spend time researching and preparing a presentation on a topic that you care about than one you have no interest in. You will also be more inclined to display enthusiasm about a topic that you enjoy.

Prepare your speech early and thoroughly. Having to prepare a speech at the last minute will only increase your anxiety. After you have prepared your speech PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!! Practice delivering your speech at least 7 to 10 times before your actual presentation. Be sure that you know the organization of your main points to avoid losing your place. Watch yourself in the mirror while you deliver your speech, this will allow you to see your gestures and body language and practice making eye contact. You can also give your speech to friends or family members and ask them for feedback. Audio or videotaping your speech are other ways to evaluate and improve your delivery. If you are given a time limit for your presentation be sure to use a stopwatch as you give your speech. Time each practice run and make changes to ensure that you will be able to stay within your allotted time. Keep in mind that most of us speak more quickly when we are in front of a real audience.

Know your topic. If you have researched the topic thoroughly you will be certain that you are presenting accurate information and you will be able to answer questions that the audience may ask. These things will greatly increase your confidence.

Be aware of the speech situation. One of the hardest things for a speaker to deal with is a surprise. While we cannot completely avoid surprises we can minimize them. Make sure that you are aware of all aspects of the speech situation ahead of time. Know your time limit, the size of your audience, the make-up of your audience (see audience analysis), what equipment you will have available to you (computer, overhead, podium, easel, etc.), and any other details that may affect your presentation. Also, if you are using any type of technology in your speech (i.e. a PowerPoint presentation) be sure that you have a back-up plan (see Visual Aids and Technology). Technology can be a wonderful tool but it can also be unpredictable.

Set realistic expectations. No one is perfect. Public speaking is difficult to master even seasoned speakers make mistakes. Instead of telling yourself that you have to deliver your speech flawlessly, think realistic things like, "If I lose my place I will calmly scan my notes and then continue my speech" or "Small mistakes aren't going to ruin my speech."

Replace negative thoughts with positive ones and visualize success. Thinking negative thoughts increases anxiety. When a negative thought comes to mind try to immediately replace it with positive thoughts. For example, if you think, "I'm going to forget what to say and just stand there," replace that with thoughts like, "I've done a great deal of research and I know this topic well" and "I have practiced my speech many times and I'm going to deliver it just like I practiced." Other performers such as athletes and musicians have found that visualization can be a powerful tool to improve performance. See yourself delivering the speech with confidence and successfully conveying your message.

Continue gaining experience. One of the best ways to combat speech anxiety is to gain speaking experience. Take any opportunity that you have to speak in public. Speak in your classes or volunteer to give presentations for groups you are involved in - anything that gives you a chance to hone your speaking skills.

On the day of the speech . . .

Exercise. Exercising on the day of a speech can help reduce anxiety and stress.

Use relaxation techniques. Simple relaxation techniques lessen anxiety and allow them to focus on the task at hand. Some of the most common relaxation techniques are: taking deep breaths, tightening and then relaxing your muscles, and visualizing a peaceful scene.

Accept fear and use it. Accept the fact that you are nervous (remember it's normal to experience speech anxiety) and use that nervous energy to enhance your delivery. Use the extra adrenaline that you get from fear to invigorate your gestures and enthusiasm about your topic. Remember, even the best speakers get nervous, but they use it to their benefit.

Wear clothes that you feel confident in. Most of us have a few outfits that we feel particularly comfortable and confident in. These are good things to wear when you present a speech. If you feel good about how you look standing in front of your audience, you can put all of your focus on your message. You do not want to distract your audience or yourself by adjusting your clothes or hair during your speech.

Act confident and do not profess your anxiety to the audience. Remember that your nervousness is usually invisible to your audience. If you act confident your audience will assume that you are. This can become a positive circular process: the audience gives you the respect of a competent speaker, you receive positive feedback that gives you more confidence in your ability, and the audience gives you more respect. A common mistake that novice speakers make is telling the audience that they are nervous. This does not lessen your anxiety and it tends to make your audience uncomfortable since they want you to succeed. Acting confident is a much more effective strategy.

Find friendly faces in the crowd. While you are speaking find one or two people in the audience that are giving you positive feedback (nodding in agreement, smiling when appropriate, etc.). When you feel nervous make eye contact with those people. Their friendly faces will give you encouragement.

Find ways to hide your anxiety. If your mouth goes dry, be sure to bring a glass of water with you when you speak. If you sweat excessively, wear clothes that will not allow your audience to detect it. If your hands shake, use gestures that mask the shaking.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
University of Pittsburgh Communications Services Webteam

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Most people experience some level of speech anxiety when they have to speak in front of a group; in fact, public speaking is many people's greatest fear. Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of "nerves" to a nearly incapacitating fear.

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cognitive psychology research that explains  problems with PowerPoint's defaults

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This film discusses the problems with PowerPoint's defaults and identifies the cognitive psychology research that explains those problems.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Principles of the Assertion-Evidence Approach

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Principles of the Assertion-Evidence Approach to Scientific and Technical Presentations

# data[].attributes.headline
Build your talk on messages, not topics.

# data[].attributes.subject
Build your talk on messages, not topics.

# data[].attributes.body
The first principle of the assertion-evidence approach for scientific presentations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Build your scientific talk on messages, not topics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This film presents the first principle of the assertion-evidence approach for scientific presentations. That principle is to build your talk on messages, not topics.

# data[].attributes.body
Combine key argumentative strategies to appeal to audience preferences.

1. Argument by Generalization

2. Argument by Analogy

3. Argument by Sign

4. Argument by Consequence

5. Argument by Authority

6. Argument by Principle

7. Argument by Testimony

Activity: Use each strategy to support a claim / message.
(For example: The public should trust science.)

Activity: Try different strategies to "justify your choices: research question, methodology"

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Here is a useful way of organizing and remembering seven key argumentative strategies:

1. Argument by Generalization

2. Argument by Analogy

3. Argument by Sign

4. Argument by Consequence

5. Argument by Authority

6. Argument by Principle

7. Argument by Testimony

Richard Fulkerson notes that a single strategy is sufficient to make an argument some of the time, but it is often better to combine several strategies to make an effective argument. He organized the argumentative strategies in this way to compare the differences, highlight the similarities, and allow for their discussion. This model, often called by its acronym GASCAP, is a useful strategy to summarize six key arguments and is easy to remember. Here we have adapted it, adding one argument that is often used in today's speeches and presentations, the argument by testimony. Table " Table 12.9" presents each argument, provides a definition of the strategy and an example, and examines ways to evaluate each approach.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Here is a useful way of organizing and remembering seven key argumentative strategies: Argument by Generalization Argument by Analogy Argument by Sign Argument by Consequence Argument by Authority Argument by Principle Argument by Testimony Richard Fulkerson notes that a single strategy is sufficient to make an argument some of the time, but it is often better to combine several strategies to make an effective argument.

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Brainstorming around an issue, event or the question you will pose to find solutions.

One Event: Three Frames, Three Solutions

Consider the following three different versions of one news story:

1. "An infant left sleeping in his crib was bitten repeatedly by rats while his 16-year-old mother went to cash her welfare check."

2. "An eight-month-old South End boy was treated yesterday after being bitten by rats while sleeping in his crib. Tenants said that repeated requests for extermination had been ignored by the landlord. He claimed that the tenants did not properly dispose of their garbage."

3. "Rats bit eight-month old Michael Burns five times yesterday as he napped in his crib. Burns is the latest victim of a rat epidemic plaguing inner-city neighborhoods. A Public Health Department spokesperson explained that federal and state cutbacks forced short-staffing at rat control and housing inspection programs."

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Balance your purpose with how well "informed" you are.

Topics you love
Topics you know
Audience interest/concern/ informed.

Presentation can

inform on a social issue

discuss and analyze an issue or topic in context of science

argue a position regarding a social issue.

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Make 2 outlines

1: Use Questions
2: Use Task words

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Your Worldview and Your Presentation because Context Matters!

Why and How to Share a Portion of your Worldview with your audience.

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.

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Video Conferencing, Web Conferencing, Webinars, Screen Sharing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done.