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Sequence language ( words referring to order)
The first stage is +Clause
First of al,
The first step is that + clause ( S+V+O)
At the first stage,
To begin with,
Firstly,
To commence with,

Next,
Subsequently,
After that,
The next step is that + clause
Secondly,
The second step involves N/ Ving
At the following stage,
At this point,
Then,
The following stage is that + clause

The last stage is N/ Ving
Finally,
The last step is N phrase/ ving
The last step is that S+ V+O
At the final step,
At the final stage/ phase/ period.

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There are two kinds of process: man-made/ artificial and natural process
1. Process = procedure
- Passive voice ( do not know exactly who operates all the steps in the procedure)
- Present simple ( all the steps repeat time by time)
- Present perfect ( improve our band score in terms of grammatical range)
2. Natural process
- Active voice
- Present simple
- Present continuous

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Task 1 20p
- Không cần phải viết conclusion
- Không được viết tắt
-Chú ý dấu câu ( dấu chấm, dấu phẩy)
- Spelling mistakes ( lỗi chính tả)
- Clear overview
- Đánh dấu phẩy sau trạng từ

E.g: From 2010,
After, following that,…

Các bước các phần của bài  writing task 1 ( bar chart, pie chart, line graph, table)

Introduction : paraphrase the topic
Overview : highlight main features, nên dùng từ nối ( có sự so sánh, đối chiếu giữa các đối tượng), không nên đưa số liệu, cố gắng viết càng rõ ràng càng tốt
Body ( nên chia làm 2 đoạn)
Không có conclusion
Thể thức trình bày
- Căn lề 2 bên
- Ideal words : 170- 180 words

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S+V+O. Từ nối, S+V+O
E.g: The revenue  of A’s bakery witnessed an increase in 2019. Therefore, A’s bakery outsold B’s bakery.

S+V+O; however/ therefore/ moreover; S+V+O
E.g : The revenue of A’s bakery witnessed an increase in 2019; therefore; A’s bakery outsold B’s bakery.

S+V+O, while/ whereas/ meanwhile/ Whilst S+V+O
E.g: China made up the greatest proportion in population,while the figure of Japan experienced a gradual decrease in 2019.

S+V+O. Meanwhile/while/ whereas/ whilst, S+V
E.g: Anh Hoa’s bakery ssold 200 cakes. Whilst, Fresh Garden sold 300 cakes.

S+V, as opposed to N which +V+O…
S+V , compared to N which +V+O …
S+V, in comparison with N which +V+O…

S+V+ADV (in TG)
E.g: Revenue increased significantly in 2010

There ( be) + ADJ +N +in +Something (in TG)
E.g: There was a significant increase in revenue in 2010

S( experience/ undergo/see/witness)+ a/an + ADJ+N (in TG)
E.g: Revenue experienced a significant increase in 2010

A/An + ADJ + N could be seen in something
E.g: A significant increase could be seen in revenue in 2010

Time + ( experience/ use/ undergo/witness) + a/ an + ADJ +N
E.g: The year 2010 witnessed a significant increase in revenue

S+ V, and/but then +S +V
S+V, and S then +V = after S+V, S+V
= After Ving, S+V
=Having pp, S+V
E.g : The revenue of dairy products witnessed a slight decline from 1950-1990, and/but the surged dramatically till 2000
= The revenue of dairy products witnessed a slight decrease from 1950 to 1990. Then/after that/ following his, it surged dramatically till 2000.
=After witnessing a slight decline from … the revenue of dairy products surged … till 2000
= Having witnessed a slight decline from… the revenue of dairy products surged ..till 2000

Although/ Even though/ though S+V, S (then) +V
= Despite/ In spite of  Ving/ N phrase, S+then+V
E.g: Although revenue rose slightly to 1billion dollars, it then plunged/plummeted/halved to 0.5 billion dollars
= Despite rising slightly to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
= Despite a slight rise to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.

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Gadgets ( Dimensions, actions and processes)

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Gadgets ( Dimensions, actions and processes)

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Dimensions
angle (n): góc
E.g: The boat is now leaning at a 30-degree angle.

circumference (n không đếm được) chu vi
E.g: a scientist calculating the Earth's circumference

diameter (n): đường kính
E.g: a length of 22-mm diameter steel pipe.

height (n)
length (n)

radius (n): bán kính
e.g: Nigel has searched for work in a ten-mile radius around his home.

volume (n): thể tích or
the volume of something is the amount of it that there is.
e.g: senior officials will be discussing how the volume of sales might be reduced.

width

Actions
adjust (v)

convey(v)

launch (v)

reinforce (v) củng cố

secure (v) bảo đảm

suspend (v): trì hoãn

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So sánh bằng

1. S+V+ số lần + as many/ much + N as S2
E.g : A sold three times as many books as B
I drink three times as much water as Hoa

2. Twofold/ threefold/ fourfold/ tenfold : gấp 2,3,4,10 lần ( ADJ, ADV)
E.g: Revenue increased fivefold ( adv)
There was a fivefold increase in revenue of dairy products in 2010 ( adj)

3. S+V, Ving ( Cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ )
S+V+O, which +V
E.g: I got a great mark, which made my parents happy
= I got a great mark, making my parents happy

4. S+V, which means/ meant that S+V
E.g: L’s revenue increased dramatically to 1 billion dollars in February, which meant that L outsold B

5. Outsold/ outselll = exceed = outnumber = outstrip

6. Preposition

Stand/ start / finish at/ with ( số liệu tĩnh dùng at< tại một thời điểm )

Increase/ decrease to + số lượng

E.g: Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion dollars

Increase/ decrease by + số lượng : tăng lên hoặc giảm đi một số lượng là bao nhiêu

E.g: Revenue increased by 2 billion dollars from Jan to Feb
= There was an increase of 2 billion dollars from Jan to Feb
= Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion from Jan to Feb, an increase of 2 billion

7. Linking words

Similarly/ likewise/ following the same trend : cùng xu hướng

In contrast/ by contrast/ on the contrary/ on the other hand

Unlike +N phrase, S+V

However/ Nevertheless/ Albert                   Ngược xu hướng

Sequence language ( then/ after that/ next/ following this/ at this point/ subsequently)

8. Cấu trúc dùng trong tương lai

It is estimated/ forecasted/ predicted/ anticipated that + S+ will+ V

S+ is/ are estimated/ predicted/ forecasted/ anticipated to V

The projections/ predictions show that S+ is/ are likely to V

E.g: Revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025
= Revenue is predicted/ forecasted/ estimated to increase to % dollars in 2025
= It is anticipated/ predicted/ estimated that revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025
= The projections/ predictions show that revenue is likely to increase to 5 million dollars in 2025.

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Bar/ pie chart.
Tỉ lệ phân trăm bao nhiêu

Decrease/ decline/ drop
Fall/ surge
Increase/ rise

Sử dụng thêm cấu trúc
Majorty of N +V
N + be + the most / least preferable option / alternative / choice
N+ be + the most dominant ( chiếm ưu thế)

Line graph.
Biểu đồ đường ( tăng, giảm, biến động, level off )

Jump/ rocket
Plummet/ plunge

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Động  từ khuyết thiếu + V infinitive
Will/ would
Can/ could
Have to

Tend to V infinitive

Often V infinitive

Have a tendency to V inf =. Show a tendency

Percentage = proportion = figure = statistic = portion

Show= demonstrate= illustrate=present= represent= display=indicate=exhibit=reveal= describe = highlight= declinate= give/ provide information about/on = emphasis =compare

Make up= accounted for= constituted

Will be dominant= it is predicted/ forecasted/ anticipated/ estimated

Respectively= in sequence
Export=abroad

Income= revenue= proceeds= earnings: doanh thu
Commodities=goods=items

Field/ sector / areas/ organization

In particular = to be more specific,

Accomplished = finished = completed

Dissertation = final graduation paper = thesis

Those = students = seniors = undergraduates

Due = time required = time limit = on time

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Overall, it can be obviously seen that + S+V+O/ it is noticeable that…/ it is interesting to note that S+V+O/ the strikingly feature is that +S+V+O

Overview chỉ cần phân tích điểm đầu, điểm cuối
không đi sâu vào chi tiết

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Therefore = thus = as a result = hence = henceforth = as a consequent= consequently

Moreover = in addition = additionally

However = nevertheless = on the other hand = alert

While = Whereas = meanwhile = Whilst

From 1950-2050
= between 1950 and 2050
= over a period of 100 years from 1950
= over a 100-year period from 1950 to 2050