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The Treaty of Fort Laramie took over Lakota Sioux territory. One result was a depletion of land and loss of elk and buffalo.

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Mount Rushmore was a degradation of the Native Nation’s sacred lands. For years, many Natives protested Mount Rushmore and eventually the AIM was formed.

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The Exodusters were a group of African Americans inspired by the Exodus to escape racism in the South by moving west. This was controversial among both blacks and whites.

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As the Exodusters arrived in the “Promised Land”, the Homestead Act offered free land in the west for citizens. Diseases such as yellow fever spread during this time as well.

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This act improved the country’s agriculture, but unfortunately pushed Natives off their land. It helped farmers but many people still faced hardship.

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The Morrill Act of 1862 was passed and it helped finance educational systems. Bonanza farms also arose, created by railroad companies and investors, and fencing wire gained popularity.

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George Custer was a military leader who led an attack against the Natives, but was surprised when Sitting Bull and his troops were already prepared due to his vision. Because Custer’s troops were outnumbers, they called for military personnel.

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The Battle of Wounded Knee took place in 1890 in attempt to stop Ghost Dancers. Sitting Bull , leader of the Lakota nation, was killed along with 25 cavalry men.

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Cowboys were very hard workers who often earned very little pay. They were heavily influenced by the Mexican Vaquero, Mexico’s native cowboys.

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Before the 13th Amendment, ranchers depended on slaves. After it was passed, freed African Americans made up 25% of cowboys in America.