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The Proclamation of 1763 was a law made by the British that prohibited settlers to move beyond a line/boarder that was drawn on and through the Appalachian Mountains. The colonists were not happy with this limitation and continued moving westward regardless of the ruling, putting this event at a 2 on the Unrest-O-Meter.

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Colonists Move West of the Appalachian Mountains 1763

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Colonists Move West of the Appalachian Mountains 1763

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Following the Proclamation of 1763 colonists continued to move westward, further into the Ohio Valley, regardless of British law. The colonists had access to the land because no more French colonists lived there anymore due to the British win of the French and Indian war. The colonists moved into the valley even though it was designated Indian Reserve land. This event is a 3 on the Unrest-O-Meter because the colonists blatantly overlooked British policy for their personal benefit and judged the situation as they saw fit rather than what law stated.

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The Paxton Boys (a group of western Pennsylvanian colonists) went to Philadelphia to ask for an exemption from colonial taxes. They felt they needed the money they would have given to the government in order to protect themselves from their Native American neighbors. The colonial government decided to agree to this proposal in order to avoid a violent argument. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 2. There is some unrest from the colonists but it is directed more at colonial rule than that of the British. Also, the unrest was only divulged in western Pennsylvanian colonists.

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This act resulted in colonial assemblies no longer being able to print money. The only money that could be used was that which was already in circulation. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 2. Colonists may have been upset with this law but it was other acts that they were more focused on and more upset about.

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This act was designed by British Parliament to cut down on illegal trade of sugar between colonists and the French and Spanish West Indies. The act was a stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts that predated them. The act also added vice-admiralty courts throughout the colonies, in which accused smugglers would be tried, however this was a lot stricter of a trial than what was being tried at the local court level. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 3. The acts made lots of colonists unhappy but there was not a united protest of British rule, nor was there a collective response.

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The Quartering Act of 1765 was a law passed by British Parliament that required colonists to pay for the housing of British troops or house them in their own homes. The law also made the colonists pay for whatever the troops needed, including food and water. Some colonists would refuse to house the soldiers but there were no major organized protests. The colonists were upset with this act but there was not a lot of retaliation on this specific act, making it a 3 on the Unrest-O-Meter.

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Law enforced by the British that taxed almost all printed documents. These included, newspapers, licenses, wills, ship papers, and legal documents. This act had a big impact on the colonists and their mood towards British rule. Colonists were left feeling very defeated and many were left being unable to support themselves because of the financial strain. There were many riots due to this act. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 8. The colonists were a lot more upset about this act than any others, because it effected almost all Americans. There were many riots all across the colonies which was a clear representation of the growing colonial dissatisfaction with Anglican policies. The colonists were most upset with this act because it had a different goal than those in the past. Taxes prior to the Stamp Act were viewed as attempts to regulate commerce and colonial trade, but the Stamp Act was a direct attempt from the British to raise money without consent from colonial assemblies. This did not sit well with the colonists and resulted in much unrest.

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Patrick Henry made a speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1765 which expressed his disapproval of British taxation. He claimed that citizens of the colonies have the same rights as the English and that they should only pay taxes if the Virginian assembly votes on them. He also said that anyone in Parliament who advocates for the taxation of the colonies should be seen as an enemy of the colony. His claims became known as the Virginia Resolves. On the Unrest-O-Meter this would be a 5. The reserves show the unrest of one man in particular but he is also representing many other Virginians who felt the same way. Also, his ideas gave other people and other colonies a new perspective on British taxation. It planted the seed of the famous phrase "no taxation without representation" by showing colonists that they should not be taxed unless they are properly represented and accounted for in the government. This ideology inspired many and spread unrest throughout the colonies.

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In 1765 a group of representatives from nine colonies met in New York to discuss and form a petition on the King and Parliament. They claimed that Americans should be ruled under Parliament but that they should not be taxed unless it was through their local assemblies. On the Unrest-O-Meter this event is a 3. The colonists are aggravated by the British policies but they handle their opinions formally and calmly. Although they are unhappy with the taxes, they present these concerns in a way that does not warrant the title of unrest.

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During 1765 a group of men took part in many riots all along the coast of the colonies to protest the Stamp Act. They would burn stamps and harass stamp agents. As a result, the stamp agents would in most cases resign, causing stamp sales to virtually cease. The biggest of these riots was in Boston. Later on, the Sons of Liberty helped Samuel Adams by making sure colonists respected boycotts and resistance of British policy. On the Unrest-O-Meter this would be a 7. The men who took part in the Sons of Liberty were persistent and passionate about the ideas they were supporting. They were rioting against British policy because they felt strongly about their own beliefs. They made their agitation shown by rioting and supporting new sources of authority in the colonies.

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Women were also important to the resistance effort of patriotic colonists. A group of women formed an informal organization called the Daughters of Liberty, with the goal of spreading colonial resentment. They participated in riots and wrote many pieces to inspire patriotic beliefs. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 6. There is unrest within the society and they are doing something about it. They are making their opinion known in order to make a change.

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On March 18th 1766, British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act as a result of the mass hatred of the act throughout the colonies. On the same day, Parliament also passed the Declaratory Act which stated that Parliament had authority over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever". Because many colonists were happy about the repeal of the Stamp Act, many did not notice the Declaratory Act. Because they did not notice the act there was not much backlash about the law therefore making this a 2 on the Unrest-O-Meter.

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The Townshend Duties was a law that was passed which levied new taxes on goods imported to the colonies from England. These products included lead, paint, paper, and tea. The colonists say this law as a way for Britain to gain money from the colonies without their consent. The Massachusetts Assembly wrote letters to all the colonial governments encouraging them to stand up against the taxes. These letters did not result in much action, but Lord Hillsborough's (secretary of state for the colonies) had great impact. His letter from London told readers that anyone who agreed with the Massachusetts letter was to be "dissolved". This resulted in unification in the colonies. The other colonies sided with Massachusetts when this letter came out. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 6. The Townshend Duties made the colonists feel even more oppressed because again they were being taxed without their consent. This also prompted unification in which the colonies made their unhappiness known to Britain.

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Merchants in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and eventually some southern colonies, formed an agreement in 1768 to boycott all goods effected by the Townshend Act. During this time, colonial made products became much more popular and preferred to that of English luxuries. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 6. There was a widespread unliking of English policy which resulted in a widespread boycott or display of contempt and unrest.

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On March 5th 1770 there was an altercation in Boston that resulted in the death of 5 colonists. The event became majorly disputed between the British and colonists. The British soldiers believed that the mob of colonists was antagonizing them and they were hitting them with batons and clubs which prompted the soldiers to fight back in order to protect themselves. The colonists however believed that they were peacefully gathered and throwing snow balls and the soldiers shot into the crowd with no reason. Differences aside, the Boston Massacre became a symbol of British oppression that reinforced the patriotic spirit among colonists. On the "Unrest-O-Meter this would be a 6. The colonists were left very upset at the British rule in Boston and it became a subject that unified the colonists.

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During 1771, there was an altercation in North Carolina that can be refereed to as a "small-scale civil war". The fighting was a result of the Regulator Movement, in which farmers of North America gathered and agreed to avoid tax collectors by force. In order to combat this movement, the governor of North Carolina (William Tryon) sent a militia to the 2,000 regulators. The fight was called the Battle of Alamance. Nine colonists were killed, nine British soldiers were killed, and many were wounded. After the battle, six colonial regulators were hanged for treason. On the Unrest-O-Meter this would be 6. There was lots of unrest leading to the battle, with meetings being held, plans being made, and resistance being acted upon, but after the battle the unrest was more muted. After the battle many regulators swore loyalty to the British crown in order to excuse themselves from being charged with treason. This resulted in a lose of resistance and unrest in North Carolina.

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In 1772 a group of angry colonists in Rhode Island stole a British revenue ship in the Delaware River. They proceeded to board the British schooner Gaspée and set it afire. The event became known as the Gaspée Affair. What prompted unrest from the colonists about this event, was the British response. They sent a special commission stating that the accused attackers were to be sent to England for trail as opposed to being put on trial in colonial court.  This prompted unrest from the colonists because they we upset that the accused could not be tried locally. They were upset with this because it seemed as though it was special treatment in a bad connotation. This is a 4 on the Unrest-O-Meter because the colonists were upset with Britain but there was not a widespread reaction to this upset.

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In 1772 Samuel Adams introduced the idea of a political group called the Committees of Correspondence. The group sought to coordinate opposition to British policy throughout the colonies. Later in the year Virginia created the first intercontinental Committee of Correspondence which made communication and cooperation possible among all 13 colonies. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 5. There is unrest because they formed the groups in order to organize their ideas of disapproval of British rule, but there is no protesting and they do not make their opinions known to the British.

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This act allowed the British East India Company could export their goods (mostly tea) directly to the colonies without having to pay navigation taxes. As a result of this exemption, the company could monopolize colonial tea trade by selling their tea for a lower price than colonial merchants, therefore controlling the tea commerce. The Tea Act resulted in many colonists becoming angry. The colonists involved directly with tea trade feared that they would become bankrupt and therefore go out of business. The Tea Act also revitalized the idea of "no taxation without representation". Although the act did not tax the colonists, it showed them that the people of the British East India Company were represented and therefore had someone in Parliament to fight for their exemption of navigation tax. There was a widespread boycott of tea in response, which showed the colonists resentment for British policy once again. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 8. This act was very influential in the road to revolution. It revived patriotic spirits of "no taxation without representation" which became known as a popular slogan. The Tea Act angered colonists all over the colonies. It prompted a very unionized protest that joined the colonists together in a common experience that was a national display of unrest.

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In December 1773, the colonists along the coast planned to prevent the East India Company from importing their goods to colonial ports. Colonists in Philadelphia and New York kept the tea on the company ships, colonists in Charleston stored the tea in a warehouse, and in Boston colonists were supposed to turn away three ships coming to the Boston Harbor. The colonists in Boston failed to turn the ships, so they instead, boarded the ships opened the containers and threw them into the harbor. The patriots all over the colonies heard of the event and took pride in them and planned similar acts of resistance. On the Unrest-O-Meter this would be an 8. The colonists are becoming extremely fed up with British control in the colonies and are starting to resist in more organized fashions.

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Following the Boston Tea Party, the colonists of Boston refused to pay for the damages they caused. As a result, the British passed laws that only applied to Massachusetts. In these acts, the port of Boston was closed, colonial self-government was reduced, English officers were permitted to be tried in other colonial courts or English courts when accused of crimes, and soldiers were provided food and housing in colonists houses and barns. Parliament called these acts the Coercive Acts but in the colonies they were referred to as the Intolerable Acts. While this directly impacted the people of Massachusetts, colonists all along the coasts saw this as wrong and sparked new resistances. These included women's groups who promoted further boycotts of English goods. They also suggested substitutes for tea, textiles, and other goods. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 6. People all over the colonies became supportive of Massachusetts during this time, and many resisted the best way that they could. The unrest throughout the colonies was shown all over in a peaceful but impactful manner.

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In 1774 another law that was passed by the British was the Quebec Act. It's goal was to provide a civil government for those living Canada and Illinois country with extensions to French communities in Ohio and Mississippi. The people living in these areas were French-speaking Roman Catholics. The act also gave rights to Roman Catholics and recognized the Roman Catholic Church legally. Though this is an act that benefited many, the colonists saw it as a threat. Many believed that the passing of this act would snowball into a bigger infliction of religion onto the colonies. The colonists were afraid that the Church of England and Church of Rome would combine and they would soon be under the tyranny of the pope. Many colonists also thought that the passing of this act would limit their expansion westward, because of the existence of newly legalized French Roman Catholic communities. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 2. Colonists were upset with this act but it did not directly tax them nor change their everyday lives. Also, there were no widespread acts of resistance or protest as a result of this act, therefore making this have a lower rating on the Unrest-O-Meter.

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The First Continental Congress gathered in 1774 in Philadelphia where representatives from all thirteen colonies, except Georgia, were present. At this meeting they made five decisions. They rejected a plan for a colonial union under British authority. They endorsed a statement in which explained the disagreements between moderates and extremists, and a demand for repeal of oppressive laws since 1763. They approved resolutions that stated colonists should prepare for possible military attacks by British troops in Boston. They agreed to non-importation, non-exportation, and non-consumption as plans to stop trade with England and formed a "Continental Association" in order to enforce the agreement. And finally, they agreed to meet again in the spring, implying that the Continental Congress was a continuing organization. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 7. There is unrest throughout all of the colonies and that is why they had this congress. The goal of the meeting was to discuss the colonial attitude towards colonial and British relations because there was a widespread dislike of British policy that was become more and more of an issue.

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Following the First Continental Congress, the minutemen of Boston prepared weaponry for a possible battle or attack. They stored a large supply of gunpowder in Concord which is 18 miles away from Boston. The British military officials caught word of this and decided the march their troops to Lexington and Concord in order to confiscate the gunpowder by surprise and avoid bloodshed. However, patriots in Boston heard of this plan and informed the minutemen. Their names were William Dawes and Paul Revere. When the British troops arrived in Lexington they were met with ready militiamen and many shots were fired on both sides. Eight minutemen were killed at Lexington. The British then continued onto Concord, where they found that the colonists had moved most of the gunpowder but the British burned what was left. Then, on the British troops' way back to Boston they were shot at multiple times as well by colonists hiding in bushes or trees. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 9. The events at Lexington and Concord are just shy of being the most unrest possible. There was fighting going on that resembled a battle in a war. The colonists' anger and discontent with the British reached an all time high because they were preparing to start a revolution at any given moment. They were ready to fight for the creation of a new nation and for that reason these events are a 9.

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On July 4th 1776 Congress approved a document called the Declaration of Independence. In the document it said that the United Colonies were free and independent states that no longer have allegiance to the British crown. Thomas Jefferson wrote the majority of the declaration and many other influential patriots helped and signed. In more detail, the declaration talks about the theories of John Locke and how the government is meant to protect the natural rights of life liberty and property. Jefferson replaced property with "the pursuit of happiness". The declaration also explained all of the things the colonists thought the king has done wrong. The writing claims that the king has violated his part of the social contract and the colonists have forfeited all of their loyalty to the monarch. On the Unrest-O-Meter this is a 10. This is the most unrest possible in any society. The people of the society have chosen they no longer want to be a part of it but instead make their own nation. The colonists have become so fed up with British rule over time and have decided to part with them and create the United States of America which is a huge decision to make and one that warrants a ton of unrest in order to do so.