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This camera is called the brownie, which is a camera made to be purchased by the public for cheap ($1.00).

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Eastman Kodak created the Brownie, which revolutionized the world of photography for decades to come.

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The brownie allowed more people to take pictures of daily lives, without the hassle of paying for a professional to take their pictures.

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Documentary Photography's purpose was meant to document any desired story the photographer wanted to tell through the pictures. Information can also be taken away from these pictures.

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Edward Curtis pioneered the idea of Documentary Photography by taking pictures of Native Americans, but his way of documenting the natives angered many in the US.

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The work that Edward Curtis was doing was innovative, but came at a price. Even though he was documenting Native Americans, Curtis was making his scenes too unrealistic. Many people thought that because he made the Natives wear "Native" clothing all the time in pictures, he was being disrespectful and disingenuous to what Natives actually do in their time.

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Pictorialism is the form of photography that breaks away from bad, artless photos, and turns them into art. Picture in art form can be drawn, painted, or is just a straight up pictures that speaks volumes.

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Alfred Steiglitz was the head of the Photo-Secessionist movement, and is known for making photography an art.

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The Photo-Secessionist Movement is a movement that focussed on recognizing photography as an art. Rather then just taking snapshots, pictures should be carefully taken, allowing the best possible picture to be presented to the public.

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The Impact of the Photo-Secessionist Movement

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The Impact of the Photo-Secessionist Movement

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The impact of the Photo-Secessionist Movement is that photographers moved away from taking snapshots, and focussed on the technicality of taking pictures. Trying to get a picture that serves as art became very important to the following generations of photographers.

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Magazine Photography is pictures that are meant to be printed in magazines, which are shipped out worldwide so that people can view them. This type of photography was revolutionized by Gilbert Grosvenor who founded National Geographic.

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Gilbert Grosvenor is the founder of National Geographic, which is a long-standing magazine that shows Nature at its finest.

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National geographic Magazine was the first magazine to host pictures of nature around the US. This allowed for amazing pictures to be at people's doorstep, to be viewed by all.

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The significance of the National Geographic magazine was that the magazine showed many Americans different cultures, land, and sights around the country. This led to people finding out how dynamic America is with how may beautiful places there are to visit.

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National Geographic has become the pinnacle of nature magazines by expanding its pictures to all over the world. National Geographic also has TV shows and movies about different cultures, wildlife, and nature around the world

The whole world can be at your doorstep by buying the magazine, that in itself is amazing.

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Social Reform photography is a style of photography used to make a change, and the photographer hopes that taking pictures of things that they find wrong will incite change among the people.

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Lewis Hine was the original creator of what is called Social-Reform photography, which created many opportunities for regular people to express their opinions about political/social issues.

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Social Reform photography is a massive way for people to spread awareness about issues in society. Taking pictures, and telling a story behind those pictures is a powerful way to convey a message that can reach thousands of people.

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Lewis Hine took pictures of children working long hours, in harsh conditions, and sent them around the country to create an audience. Because of these pictures, having child labors eventually became illegal, thus creating social reform.

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Picture Postcards are pictures printed onto a postcard, which would be sent to anywhere in the country. This allowed for people to communicate not just through words, but also with a picture complementing the words.

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The impact of picture postcards were massive, as many people in the US were sending pictures to each other to communicate across the country. These postcards allowed people to see things that they would never be able to see in their lifetime (since traveling was harder and more expensive).

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Although sending postcards has declined in popularity, texting, emailing, and posting pictures on social media are all evolved versions of the original postcards. Picture Postcards have evolved into their digital counterparts, accommodating the needs of society.

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The Motion Studies were a study created by Frank Gilbreth to figure out all of the unnecessary movements that people were doing in their jobs. He wanted to create a more efficient work environment.
The way he conducted his experiments was by attaching lights to the worker's hands and taking pictures to see all of the different movements they were making.

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Frank Gilbert was the head of the Motion Studies using photography. The now known as "Motion Studies" was instrumental in creating a more efficient work environment.

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The Motion Studies is very impactful because it created a new perspective on work, and how to maximize the amount of work that one can do in one sitting.

Example: In doing this study, he found out the surgeons spend more time looking for their tools than actually operating. To correct this mistake, surgeons now ask for the needed tools, instead of looking for them themselves.

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Straight Photography is taking a picture, and capturing the real authentic look of whatever was in the viewfinder (subject should be in sharp focus). The point of straight photography was to not edit the picture in any way, but to frame it in a way that would grab the attention of the viewer.

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Paul Strand is the creator of Straight Photography, and a pioneer of the Modernist Movement. Both Straight Photography and the Modernist Movement have been highly influential for years to come.

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Paul Strand led the abstract photography movement, which was a movement where Strand used different lighting techniques to create an abstract image of subjects in the camera.

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Propaganda photography is a style of photography that was originally meant to falsely advertise war like it was not dangerous and harsh.

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President Wilson started propaganda photography after declaring for war in 1917. He set up propaganda photography to get more people to enlist in the army.

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The controversies of propaganda photography 

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The controversies of propaganda photography 

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Propaganda photography is controversial because it made the people support something that they did not know the full details of. People in the United States did not know how harsh World War I was, and bought into the idea of a "peaceful war". That idea was completely false.

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Tabloid Journalism uses big headlines, and big names of celebrities to grab the attention of the reader. Tabloid journalists wanted drama so that they could make even more money by exaggerating the story.

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The problem with Tabloid Journalism is that people are putting whatever they want on the headlines, and exaggerating stories so that they could get paid even more.

Another problem is that tabloid journalism could ruin the reputation of any person that is put into their articles, this is because that person may not be able to explain their side of the story.

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Tabloid Journalism in the modern era can take on many forms; from the social media pages, down to the long-standing magazines, tabloid journalism has evolved to fit the modern times.

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Celebrity Photography is a style of photography that originally was meant to use celebrities to advertise products that companies wanted to sell.

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Edward Steichen is responsible for the creation of Celebrity Photography, which is a genre of photography still being used in the modern era.

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The Problems with Celebrity Photography 

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The Problems with Celebrity Photography 

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The problem with celebrity photography is that pictures were meant to portray celebrities as "gods" and above everyone else, which made people put celebrities on a pedestal they shouldn't be on.

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The living conditions of farmers all over America were investigated by the Farm Security Administration (FSA). The 11 photographers that were assigned this job were Arthur Rothstein, Theodor Jung, Ben Shahn, Walker Evans, Dorthea Lange, Car Mydans, Russel Lee, Marion Walcott, Jack Delano, John Vachon, and John Collier.

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Dorthea Lange is known as one of the greatest documentary photographers. Her photographs during the Great Depression and Farmworkers era were her best known works.

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The Great Depression was a historically bad time for everyone in America. The FSA captured the mood that the Great Depression had on farmers, which showed people that everybody was suffering from the Great depression, not just people in the big cities.

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In the over 6 years that the FSA photographers were taking pictures, nearly 250,0000 photographs were taken of life in America. The archives of the photos still remains that biggest collection of photos in history. These photographs can be seen everywhere, even used in President Roosevelt's campaign for president.

Even in the modern era, society can observe the Great Depression through these very photographs.

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The Development of National Parks (1932)

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The Development of National Parks (1932)

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Ansel Adams' most iconic photos are the ones taken at Yosemite Nation Park. These photos showed people that these National Parks unique, and unlike any other place in the world. These photos also proved Adams' point that nature should be protected.

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Ansel Adams was a photographer/environmentalist who wanted to preserve the natural beauty of America, and all the wildlife that lives in it.

He believed that with the rapid industrialization, the nature of America was going to be destroyed in the near future.

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Ansel Adams' created the Zone System. This is a photographic system meant to determine the best film exposure and development for any situation. In the system, the zone divides the tonal range of an imagine from light to dark in 11 zones. Each zone is different and assigned different numbers so that the right exposure could be seen.

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At first, the pictures of nature Adams' took were overshadowed by the Great Depression and World War II. After these events subsided, people turned their focus to the land, and preserving the beautiful nature that we have built our cities on.

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In 1935, pictures can be sent around the world via satellites and telephone lines after being taken. The system that would allow this to happen was created by Press. The system worked by having high fluidity telephone lines. This whole system is very pricey to make and install.

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January 1, 1935. Photos of a plane crash were sent around the country. These photos made headlines, and had the media talking about the pictures for months.

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Wire journalism brought a new way for journalists to express themselves, which was through the pictures that could be sent anywhere in the country. Wire journalism also connected the world together, allowing people to connect not just through the words, but through the pictures.

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WeeGee, also known as Arthur Fellig, was one the most famous news photographers. The nickname, WeeGee, came from people thinking he had a six sense for crime. WeeGee was most known for his candid shots of people at bars, crime scenes, and streets.

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What was unique about WeeGee's photographing is that he did not work for any establishment/company, and he had to do everything himself. The pictures that he took however, were sold to different newspaper companies that would then publish the photos in the paper.

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WeeGee's photographs were meant so that people could see the bad side of humanity, and the dark elements that the bright city lights could be hiding. WeeGee's ability to tell a story through his photographs is something that inspired a lot of photographers to do.

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With the first issue being published on November 23, 1936 Life Magazine aimed to tell stories through large print photographs on every page. Life Magazine was the biggest mass produced magazine of its time.

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Henry Luce was the creator of Life Magazine. He aimed to tell stories with pictures, a language that one didn't need to learn in order to get the message.

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Introducing Life Magazine to the world was done by a written essay done by Henry Luce.

"To see life. to see the world. To watch the faces of the poor, and the gestures of the proud. To see the strange things, machines, armies, multitudes, and shadows in the jungle. To see, and to take pleasure in seeing. To see and be instructed. To see and be amazed."

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Life Magazine was meant to show everything, the sports, movies, fashion, politics, culture, and everything anyone could ever imagine. Through these messages in photographic format, people were able to see how much more the country has to offer.

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In fashion photography, the clothing was sold by the model that wore it. People thought that they could be like the model photographed, which made the clothing sell like it did. Fashion Photography was meant to elevate the model and clothing onto a pedestal.

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Richard Avedon photographed for many fashion magazines like Vogue, and was known as a rule breaker/ boundary pusher. What separated Avedon from other fashion photographers is that he was able to capture emotion and the unique silhouettes in his subjects.

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Fashion Photography allowed designers to produce clothing that would get sold at a high rate because of how it was marketed (photographed). Fashion Photography influenced fashion trends, and what certain pieces of clothing should be worn during any time.

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The Hindenburg was going to revolutionize airship travel, being able to travel long distances in the air. Unfortunately, the launch took a turn for the worse as the Hindenburg exploded killing 35 out of the 97 people on board at the time.

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Murray Becker was most known for photographing the Hindenburg explosion as it was happening. Becker was using a speed graphic camera, which was popularized because the camera was able to capture pictures in quick secession.

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The Hindenburg explosion was captured by Murray Becker who was using a Speed Graphic Camera. This kind of camera allows one to take photos in very rapid succession.

The Camera works by putting a holder in the camera, cocking the shutter and taking the picture. In 47 seconds, Becker did this process and took 3 pictures. At this time, that was unheard of.

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Even though the event was published all over the world, people needed photographic evidence to truly see the horrors of the Hindenburg Explosion. The pictures allowed people to see how disastrous the explosion was, triggering the "ethos" factor in people.

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In WWII people rushed to the front lines to fight for their country. Soldiers and photographers were on the front lines, one was fighting, and the other was fighting to stay alive to take pictures of soldiers on the front lines.

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The Big Five were Five different photographs of WWII.

1) Demonizing the Enemy
2) The Pin-up
3) D-Day
4) Iwo Jima
5) Evidence

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Demonizing the Enemy - To get more support in the war, America put out propaganda meant to demonize the Japanese people and everything they stood for.

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The Pin-up - One of the most famous WWII photos was a picture of the back of a woman. Many soldiers in WWII had pin-ups of their own.

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D-Day - This day was one of the most anticipated days in the history of America, where almost no American would be able to see the events take place.

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Iwo Jima - This is the name of one of the most iconic photos ever, which was taken by Joe Rosenthal. The photo was taken while the flag was being raised on Iwo Jima on top of Mt. Suribachi.

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Evidence - Evidence refers to the photographs taken of the holocaust in Germany and other countries. The photographic evidence showed all of the violence that took place in Germany, and how bad the events really were.

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The photos that came out of WWII allowed every American to see what war looks like, and how devastating it really is to humanity. The war made people realize that war is not how propaganda describes it.

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Roy Stryker believed that photographs should be used to fight racial discrimination, and his photos are the very proof of this idea.

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Gordon Parks used to photograph for local newspapers in Chicago, where he documented South Chicago's impoverished  side.

Roy Stryker saw Parks' work, and hired him to show society what racial discrimination looks like, and how it is affecting minority groups.

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After being hired by Stryker, Gordon Parks became one of the most influential photographers in the 1900s. His photography was focused around civil rights, poverty, race, and urban life around America. His intention was to spark change in the world, and push for the voices of black people to be heard in America.

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How Civil Reform Photography was Revolutionary

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How Civil Reform Photography was Revolutionary

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Family of Man, which was made by Edward Steichen, was a mix of photographs with the theme that "mankind is one". This mix of photos was taken from all around the world, 500 in total with 68 total countries included.

The Family Of Man was toured all around the world, bringing attention to all of the photos taken.

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Edward Steichen is one of the most influential photographers ever. Steichen is the photographer who pushed for photography to be recognized as an art, and he also created the most famous photographic exhibit, called the Family of Man.

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The Family of Man brought people across the world together. It was meant to express that humans are meant to be thriving together, and should live in peace. This was a very strong message because the The Family of Man was released not too long after WWII.

Humans are beautiful, in fact, everything is.

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Also known as Candid Photography, Street Photography rose to fame in the mid 1900s. Street Photography is meant to catch everyday public life. Whether it was good or bad, Street Photography was meant to show the "real" aspects of everyday life.

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Robert Frank is a very influential photographer who published a book called "The Americans" which had 83 photographs of people all over America. The book rose in popularity because it allowed people to see simple everyday life as an American.

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Street Photography was THE aesthetic in the 1950s. This was because Street Photography focused on a multitude of images instead of just one image like Straight Photography. Street Photography allowed for a more casual take on the American Life.

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Rebuilding black communities and sparking black political movements was the main focus of the Black Press. The Black Press gave black people a voice for change, and allowed their to be a platform for many black people to take a stand for themselves.

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August 1955. A 14-year-old boy named Emit Till was accused of whistling at a white woman in Mississippi. After he was accused, Till would be brutally murdered and his body was thrown in a nearby river. In a time where race crimes were happening constantly, Till's murder could have gone unnoticed, but because there was photographic evidence of Till's body, the people began to protest.

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Till's dead body being photographed would soon become the driving force behind the Civil Rights movement, and why black people should have more rights.

This generation of people protesting would later be called the Emmitt Till Generation.

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The Civil Rights Movement started in 1954 and went to 1968. During this time, most pictures that were taken during this time showed the inequality in America showing the Civil Rights Movement or encouraging more to become a part of the Civil Rights Movement. This movement was covered by everyone in the media. If you were a photographer you were probably covering the Civil Rights Movement.

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Danny Lyon is a self-taught photographer, who moved people's emotions with his photography during the civil rights movement. Lyon's work helped people understand what was going on in the civil rights movement, and his worked help capture amazing moments in time.

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The Birmingham Race Riots was one of the biggest movements in American history. These riots encapsulated what was happening in America, with black people being oppressed by white people all over America. The images captures during these events speak volume to what black people had to deal with back in these times.

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1 - Quang Duc By Malcolm Brown
2 - General Nguyen Ngoc Loarv by Eddie Adams
3 - Marry Ann Vecchio by John Paul Filo
4 - Phan Thi Kim Phoc by Nick Ut

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This picture of the burning monk was an important symbol for all people involved in the war. The monk believed that war was not the answer, and senseless violence shouldn't be the way to solve problems.

To show his resolve, the monk chose to burn himself alive, and thats where the picture was taken.

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General Nguyen Ngoc Loarv by Eddie Adams (1968)

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General Nguyen Ngoc Loarv by Eddie Adams (1968)

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This picture was stunning because it caught the exact moment that the bullet hit the suspect. Which ends up killing him in the end. Eddie Adams taking this photo was representative of everything that was happening in the war.

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Marry Ann Vecchio by John Paul Filo (1970)

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Marry Ann Vecchio by John Paul Filo (1970)

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On May 4, 1970, students at Kent State were exercising their right to protest. On this day, four students were murdered by the National Guard. In this photograph, Mary Ann Vecchio was shown leaning over the body, in shock about what just happened in front of her.

This picture perfectly captures the state of violence that America was in, and how the separated people were at the time.

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This photo taken by Nick Ut hits the ethos of all viewers. Looking at the photo, one can see that the children look scared and helpless. The picture also makes you feel like you're in the moment, watching as the terrified kids suffer in harsh conditions.

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Stewart Brand had an idea. He wanted to see a photograph of the Earth. This was because people did not know how big the universe was compared to the Earth. This picture of Earth would soon become the cover of Whole Earth Catalog, and would change people's perspectives of how small Earth really is.

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Stewart Band was the editor of the famous Whole Earth Catalog, and help change the perspective on how the Earth should be treated. Band wanted the Whole Earth Catalog to be a tool used to combat counterculture communities.

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This photo is very important because it shows people how along we truly are in this universe. How we only have one planet to take care of, and only one place to live.

This photo was taken by Bill Anders, who was on the moon in 1968.

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The Whole Earth Catalog's Impact on Society

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The Whole Earth Catalog's Impact on Society

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The Whole Earth Catalog helped start the many environmental movements to help preserve nature and the natural state of the Earth. After the Apollo 8 photo was taken in 1969, the following year the first-ever Ecology Movement started to take place, which eventually led to Earth Day becoming a National Day.

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One of LIFE Magazine's most controversial features in their magazine was titled "The Face of the American Dead in Vietnam: One Weeks Toll". In the feature, photographs of 242 young men were are posted, and all 242 men were killed in past 7 days.

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The goal of "One Weeks Dead" was the to show the atrocities and violence that was going on in the war. It was to also show the young men that risked their lives to fight for the country. Many people are ignorant to the amount of sacrifices war has on the people, and "One Weeks Dead" truly highlights the sacrifices soldiers are making for the country.