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The anthracite coal operators refused to negotiate, and on September 17 Mitchell called a strike of the anthracite miners. Those miners responded almost to a man. The strike was settled when representatives of Mark Hanna, the Chairman of the Republican Party and a bituminous operator from Ohio, urged representatives of J.P. Morgan, whose bank was reorganizing the railroads that owned most of the anthracite coal mines, to settle; and representatives of President William McKinley urged the anthracite operators themselves to settle. Neither Morgan, the operators, Hanna, nor McKinley wanted the strike to interfere with McKinley's reelection.

| The anthracite operators viewed the events as a defeat, and one that was dictated to them by political motivations.
The result was a settlement that granted the anthracite miners a wage increase of about ten per cent, but which did not recognize the UMW as their representative

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Mitchell tried to bargain with the anthracite coal operators of northeastern Pennsylvania for a similar settlement that would recognize the union and improve wages, hours, and working conditions for the anthracite miners

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John Mitchell, a bituminous miner from Illinois, elected president of the UMW

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The 1897 bituminous coal strike had several results:

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The 1897 bituminous coal strike had several results:

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1 | The strike resulted in an "interstate joint conference" in which the bituminous operators and the miners cooperated to stabilize labor costs, and to improve wages and working conditions.

2 | The strike greatly enhanced the UMW. It grew from less than 10,000 members before the strike to become the nation's largest trade union, with over 100,000 members.

3 | The bituminous coal operators in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois recognized the UMW as the representative of the miners and their bargaining agent.

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successful UMW-led coal strike in the bituminous coal fields

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Formation of the United Mine Workers of America

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I think this poster reflects.......

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Miners' union parade in Colorado prior to the 1894 strike

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unsuccessful UMW-led strike in the bituminous coal fields