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1. something irrelevant (unrelated) to the subject being discussed or investigated; the red herring is introduced to distract one from the relevant issues and hence get one "side-tracked" off the main topic
2.  Mother: It’s bedtime Jane
Jane: Mom, how do ants feed their babies?
Mother: Don’t know dear. Close your eyes now.
Jane: But mama, do ant babies cry when hungry?
3. This conversation shows how a child tries to distract her mother so that she [Jane] could stay awake a little longer.

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1. Substituting a person’s actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument.
2. Person A: I think we should go to Joe's Fast Food because their burgers are delicious.
Person B: No way! Cholesterol is not delicious! It tastes horrible!
3. This is a straw man fallacy. Person A's position is "their burgers are delicious". Person B misrepresents the original position and creates a straw man (in this example, the straw man is cholesterol) and attacks the straw man.

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1. The attempt to distract from the truth of the conclusion by the use of pity.
2. Ginger: Your dog just ran into our house and ransacked our kitchen!

Mary: He would never do that, look at how adorable he is with those puppy eyes!
3. Being pathetic does not absolve one from his or her crimes, even when it is a puppy.

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1. Using an authority as evidence in your argument when the authority is not really an authority on the facts relevant to the argument.
2. My 5th grade teacher once told me that girls will go crazy for boys if they learn how to dance.  Therefore, if you want to make the ladies go crazy for you, learn to dance.
3. Even if the 5th grade teacher were an expert on relationships, her belief about what makes girls “go crazy” for boys is speculative, or perhaps circumstantial, at best.

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1. arguments that appeal to the growing popularity of an idea as a reason for accepting it as true. They take the mere fact that an idea suddenly attracting adherents as a reason for us to join in with the trend and become adherents of the idea ourselves.
2. Bill: "I like classical music and I think it is of higher quality than most modern music."
Jill: "That stuff is for old people."
Dave: "Yeah, only weird people listen to that. Besides, country rules! It Rules!"
Bill: "Well, I don't really like it that much. Country is much better."
3. Shows how one persons idea is more popular, so the other changes their point of view on the topic on music.

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1. When a relatively insignificant first event is suggested to lead to a more significant event, which in turn leads to a more significant event, and so on, until some ultimate, significant event is reached, where the connection of each event is not only unwarranted, but with each step it becomes more and more improbable.
2. We cannot unlock our child from the closet because if we do, she will want to roam the house.  If we let her roam the house, she will want to roam the neighborhood.  If she roams the neighborhood, she will get picked up by a stranger in a van, who will sell her in a sex slavery ring in some other country.  Therefore, we should keep her locked up in the closet.
3. Shows each event leading to another possible event that becomes more and more improbable.

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1. When you're quick to assume something about (usually) a large group of things or people.
2. You dip a cup in the ocean and pull it out and there's no fish in it.
3.A hasty generalization would be to assume that there's no fish in the ocean because there was no fish in your cup, but of course that wouldn't be true.

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1. The logic used to support a claim (induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument.
2. "He has a track record of success with this company, culminating in some of our most acclaimed architecture to date and earning us Firm of the Year nine times in a row."
3. The track record is supporting the claim, and shows the facts and statistics.

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1. It is the passion, the deep emotion, or profound sympathy in an expression, in communication, in humanity.
2. Empathizing with a friend who lost a family member.
3. This is showing the emotion in humanity. You feel sad/sorry for the family members that lost someone important to their family.

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1. The source's credibility, the speaker's/author's authority
2. "Doctors all around the world recommend this type of treatment."
3. People tend to believe the opinions of doctors in the matter of medical treatments.