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the Morrill Land-Grant Act, sponsored by Congressman Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898). The act provided federal land for states either to sell or to rent in order to raise funds for the establishment of colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts. The Morrill Act of 1862 set a precedent for the federal government to take an active role in shaping higher education in the U.S. A second Morrill Act in 1890 provided even more federal funds for land-grant colleges.

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Had the greatest impact on what children learned in school. He created the McGuffey readers, approximately 120 million copies of the six-volume series were sold. (they ranged in difficulty from 1st-6th grade levels. The readers emphasized virtues such as: Hard work, honesty, truth, charity, and obedience. The McGuffey readers taught countless children, and adults hot to read, and study.

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To provide education to everyone who wants to learn. no matter where they come from. Teachers are to gain more knowledge, other than a high school diploma. Students are able to attend any school no matter their race, or finances. Students are able to learn how to read and write effectively.

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Like Mann, she believed common schools were needed in the United States. Through her campaign to ensure that women had access to an education equal to men, she drove women into the teaching profession. Beecher's contribution significantly helped develop the publicly funded schools for training teachers.

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"Free common school (public school.) Knows no distinction of rich, poor, of bond and free, or between those, who in the imperfect light of this world, are seeking, through different avenues, to reach the gates of heaven" -Horace Man

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Horace Mann was a effective spokesman for the common school belief. Mann was a lawyer, Massachusetts senator, and the first secretary of a state board of education all in his life. He is best known for freeing locally controlled elementary schools we know today for the general public with his common school movement.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin, to ensure that women had access to an education equal to that of men.
Also, Harriet Beecher Stowe- was driven to recruit women in the teaching profession,  she contributed greatly to the development of publicly funded schools for training, as the french would say, ecole normale.

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Their beliefs were to create public schools, for all people. That everyone has a right to education: whether a person is rich, poor, English-speaking, female, or male.

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During this period of time, schools were segregated by race. Some abolitionists established schools for free slaves after the Civil War, but some southern states made the teaching of reading and writing to slaves a crime.

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Majority of society that supported common schools tended to be city residents and non taxpayers, democratic leaders, philanthropists and humanitarians, members of various school societies, and the working class people.

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Normal schools were first created on July 3, 1839, in Lexington, Massachusetts. Normal schools had a curriculum that consisted of general knowledge course. They also had courses in pedagogy (teaching).