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Research involves predicting environmental change. Two of his key contributions have been the horizon scanning exercises to identify future priority issues and the 100 important questions in various disciplines.

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Stanley Miller (1930) & Harold Urey (1893)

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Stanley Miller (1930) & Harold Urey (1893)

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Conducted an experiment which demonstrated that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by simulating the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere. Designed an apparatus that held a mix of gases similar to those found in Earth's early atmosphere over some water, representing Earth's early ocean. Electrodes delivered an electric current that simulated light. Found that several amino acids formed.

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Had a theory that life on Earth developed through gradual chemical evolution of carbon-based molecules in a “primordial soup." Proposed that life occurred completely by accident.

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Did research on liposomes and invented artificial lung surfactants. Called "Father of Liposomes."

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Did experiments with with powerful laboratory “guns” and computer models the conditions that existed inside comets when these celestial objects hit Earth’s atmosphere at almost 25,000 miles per hour and crashed down upon the surface of Earth to see how amino acids and other things for life appeared. Research showed that these building blocks of life could've survived the comet crashes.

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Hypothesized that infrared emission (colors of heat) known to scientists as the UIR bands were coming from molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Found that these structures could be found were stars are born and die.

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Boiled meat in a flask that had a long neck that curved like that goose neck. There was no growth of bacteria for a bit. When the flask was turned so particles could fall the broth clouded. Still nothing grew in the flasks unless they were broken. Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

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Thought that sexual generation was an act caused by a vital force as much as spontaneous generation. Named his subject heterogenesis.

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Took a broth of nutrients and sterilized it by boiling and also heated the air above it to a high temperature. The result was that no microbes grew. Concluded that he killed all the microbes and that spontaneous generation was incorrect.

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Disagreed with Buffon, who said that living things contain "vital atoms" and when living things died these atoms were taken up by the soil. Boiled gravy and and then put it in phials and fused them shut. Concluded that Buffon was wrong by proving that it was "vital atoms" he was finding, but living organisms introduced from the air.

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Did an experiment where he heated broth in a bottle. Concluded that living things could come from nonliving material.

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Did an experiment with meat in jars to see if maggots spontaneously generated. Disproved the theory that maggots could be spontaneously generated from meat using a controlled experiment.

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Did an experiment where he weighed a willow tree for 5 years. Concluded that “164 pounds of wood, barks, and roots arose out of water only.”