# data[].attributes.body
MAIN CHARACTER
"A smallish, frail figure, the meagerness of his body merely emphasized by the blue overalls which were the uniform of the Party. His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine, his skin roughened by coarse soap and blunt razor blades and the cold of the winter that had just ended" (s. 2)

He works in the ministry of truth.
Is a member of the outer party.

He writes a journal or diary, but is afraid to write what he really feels just incase the thought police caught him. But, throughout the book we can see that he starts writing more and more in his diary, and is more and more direct and honest about what`s happening in his life.
"Freedom is the freedom, two say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follow" (s. 81)

39 years old
Alcholic problem - uses gin regula to calm his nervs and emotions
Not physically fit - has a varicose ulcer above his right ankle.

TONE AND MOOD:
Winston`s attitude - depressing, fearful, pessimistic, rebellion (writing in the diary, writing the truth)

Rebellion - he hates the Party, and buys a diary to write his true feelings "down with big brother". He knows this may cost his life, but he still wants to make a riot, even though he thinks it won`t make a difference. (in the beginning of the book)

We get to know him from a third-person, where the author describes him.

He wants to make a riot and is sceptical about the Party, INGSOC. He gets an opportunity to work for the Brotherhood - an organization against the Party (s. 170-173)

During the book we can see that his behaviour turns better. After he meets Julia he gets more happy, drinks less gin and his health feels better. Julia turns him into a better person, but it also makes him more rebellion. his relationship with Julia must be kept a secret because it is illegal. Even though they know they shouldnt do it, they still keep meeting.
He wants to play an active role in the fight against big brother and talks to O`Brien. O`brien asks him questions if he wants to do terrible actions and cruelties if nesscesary. (s. 179-180).
Julia and Winston gets arrested and thet have been watched during their whole affair.

In the last part, Winston experiences systematical torture in the love department. His body is uglier than ever, but when he starts to get brainwashed by the Party they let him get back to himself, but he still keeps his gin-drinking-problem. He is being tortured by O`Brien, but he keeps his two biggest feelings "the hate for Big Brother and his love for Julia", but with the rat experience in room 101, the Party finally wins. The Party has broken him down and brainwashed him so he is a parfect party-member.

When he is in prison, O`brien is making him trying the realize what he actually have xperienced in his life. He has been brainwashed (by himself) and remebers others events than the truth. In prison, O`brien forces the truth out of him. (s. 246-247) - O`brien has been watching him for 7 years. He wants him to love Big Brother and feel sorrow for what he has done.

This makes him a developing character. His actions and thought change drastically through the book.

# data[].attributes.body
Dystopia is used to both warn against a possible social development, and as a satire (humor) over the already existing society. The setting in dystopian texts is often post-apolyptic societies in the future with scare elements, where crime, suppressing or global disasters has ruined the civilisation, and there is no hope.

1984 is a defining example of dystopian fiction in that it envisions a future where society is in decline, totalitarianism has created vast inequities, and innate weaknesses of human nature keep the characters in a state of conflict and unhappiness.

# data[].attributes.body
- War is peace
- Freedom is slavery - can be reversed (slavery is freedom), "Alone-free-the human being is always defeated. It must be so, bevause every human being is doomed to die, which is the greatest of all failures. But if he can make complete, utter submission, if he can escape from his identity, of he can merge in the Party so that he is the Party, then he is all-powerful and immortal" (s.264)
- Ignorance is strenght

4 victory mansions: (s. 4)

- Ministry of peace
- Ministry of love
- Ministry of truth
- Ministry of plenty

# data[].attributes.body
The narrator tells a story and shows one character`s thoughts or feelings in writing.

"A sense of complete helplessness had descended upon him" (s. 7)

"Still, he continued to feel a peculiar uneasiness, which had fear mixed up in it as well as hostility, whenever she was anywhere near him" (s. 10)

""The gin was wearing off, leaving a deflated feeling". (s. 24)

# data[].attributes.headline
when and where does the story take place?

# data[].attributes.subject
when and where does the story take place?

# data[].attributes.body
Date- 1984 (but it is written in 1949)
Place - London
Time -
Climate -
Historical period - Post-war period

# data[].attributes.body
Compare this universes London to the London we know - sad

Winston seems like a type that takes the world for granted, and can`t except change. He judges Julia before he get`s to know her (s. 10)

It feels that they are trapped in a sad world, where Big Brother rules everything and anything, and it follows the characters everywhere. "He took a twenty-five-cent out of his pocket. There, too, in tiny clear lettering, the same slogans were inscribed, and on the other face of the coin the head of Big Brother. Even from the coin the eyes pursued you" (s. 27)

"Rhyme running through Winstons head; oranges and lemons, say the bells of St. Clement`s, you owe me three farthings, say the bells of St. Clement`s! It was curious, but when you said it to yourself you had the illusion of actually hearing bells, the bells of a lost London that still existed somewhere or other, disguised and forgotten. ... Yet so far as he could remember he had never in real life heard church bells ringing" (s. 99)

# data[].attributes.body
Old fashioned

It is used negative charged words - represent the people and their loss of hope. Makes us understand the situation better.
For example; disguised (p. 99)

# data[].attributes.body
Works at the fiction department in ministry of truth.
"She was a bald-looking girl of about 27, with thick dark hair, a freckled face, and swift, athletic moments. A narrow scarlet sash, emblem of the Junior Anti-Sex League" (s. 10).

In love with Winston - but hard to meet up and be togheter when you work on different places (s. 112-114)

TONE AND MOOD - passionate, has ambitions, rebellion but in a selfish way - She is critical to the Party, but not in the same way as Winston. She makes riot through her own life, she wants to do what makes her happy and if that means breaking som rules she will do it - but she has no plans in standing up against the party. As long as she has a good fascade - the Party won`t suspect so much.
She means that the party tries to extinct genders - she wants to wear a dress, wear parfume and make up, but have to wear the same as everyone else. She buys makeup, which is illegal.
She is not as passionate as Winston when it comes to being a member of the Brotherhood - falls asleep wen they read Goldsteins book.

Wants to make riot because of the joy and happinness it brings her - selfish? It is a sad everyday, and maybe this is what keeps her living and is her bright points to get through a day.

Most likely she goes through the same process as Winston when she is in the ministry of love - she meets her biggest fair in room 101 and is ready to throw Winston under the bus instead. Their feelings for each other had ended.

Winston and Julia = Romeo and Juliet

She is younger than many others, and therefore rebellious and hopeful. The younger generation can start a riot. "The rocket bombs which fell daily on London were probably fired by the Government of Oceania itself, `just to keep people frightened`. This was an idea that had literally never occured to Winston" (s. 153)

26 years old and lives in a hostel with thirty other girls (s. 129)

TONE AND MOOD:
Adventorous, rebellion

Winston disliked her at first

# data[].attributes.body
Member of the inner party - lives in luxury and gets alomst everything he wants.
"O`brien was a large, burly man with a thick neck and a coarse, humorous, brutal face. In spite of his formidable apperance he had a certain charm of manner. He had a trick of resettling his spectacles on his nose which was curiously disarming - in some indefinable way, curiously civilized" (p. 10-11).

We get to know very little about him at the beginning of the book. But Winston thinks he looks like a person you could talk to and he feels a strange connection to him - when we finish the book maybe this is something that O`Brien made happen since Winston thinks he is against the party?

In part 2 Winston is being told that he is a member of th Brotherhood, which we can see in part 3 is not true. He pretended to be a part of the Brotherhood to lure Winston (and people like him) in this trap and "help and resuce" them , aka brainwashing.

TONE AND MOOD:
He is a lunatic and crazy
Has a twisted vision of the world and how the world is going to be rules.
But also an intelligent man, he knows exactly what to do to convince the citizens in believing that the party knows best. He can almost read Winstons mind.
Ruthless (hensynsløs), cold-hearted, emotionless, brutal
Believes in the Party even though he is complete aware over what they are doing.
Makes me annoyd - people like him is what keeps the party going, he has turned off his emotions

# data[].attributes.body
He used to work at the Ministry of truth, and was the leading figure of the Party, almost on the level of "Big Brother". But he were an opponent and took part of counterrevolutionary activities. This was not accepted and he had been condemned to death, and had mysteriously escaped and dissapeared. (p. 11-12)

His face was often used during the Two Minute Hate - where he appear as a bad person(so people would hate him) even though his work and beliefs were revolutionary and needed in this society.

A invented person made up by the Party.

# data[].attributes.body
When Winston writes "down with big brother" in his diary he feares that something is going to happen to him. (p. 19-20)

In the book we can see that people are afraid to do what they want because thet are afraid something will happen to them, and it is not accepted.

"The most deadly danger of all was talking in your sleep. There was no way of guarding against that, so far as he could see" (s. 64)

# data[].attributes.body
HOPE: People were frightened of their own children, because they drew their attetion to traitors, saboteurs and so on.. (p. 24). Are the children hope of the future?

"We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness" O`brien said to Winston. He knew where that would be - the future. (s. 103)

When they find THE BOOK written by Emmanuel Goldstein, adn he expresses his opnions around the party slogans. (s. 184)

HOPELESSNESS: When Parson is being caught og thoughtcrime. Winston asks him who denounced him, and he answer that it was his little daughter, 7 years old. "She listened at the keyhole. Heard what i was saying, and nipped off to the patrols the very next day. ... I don`t bear any grudge for it. In fact i am proud of her. it shows that i brought her up in the right spirit, anyway" (s. 233) - if the children is not the hope for change, then who is?

# data[].attributes.body
"to believe that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian of the democracy" (s. 35)

Their rule of government is divided in a pyramid:
1. Big Brother - the outer face of the party, the absolute leader
2. The inner party - has only a few members
3. The outer Party - thr majority of the population

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
George Orwell, (born June 25, 1903, Motihari, Bengal, India-died January 21, 1950, London, England), English novelist, essayist, and critic famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the latter a profound anti- utopian novel that examines the dangers of totalitarian rule.

Born Eric Arthur Blair, Orwell never entirely abandoned his original name, but his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London, appeared in 1933 as the work of George Orwell (the surname he derived from the beautiful River Orwell in East Anglia). In time his nom de plume became so closely attached to him that few people but relatives knew his real name was Blair. The change in name corresponded to a profound shift in Orwell's lifestyle, in which he changed from a pillar of the British imperial establishment into a literary and political rebel.

Early life

He was born in Bengal, into the class of sahibs. His father was a minor British official in the Indian civil service; his mother, of French extraction, was the daughter of an unsuccessful teak merchant in Burma ( Myanmar). Their attitudes were those of the "landless gentry," as Orwell later called lower-middle-class people whose pretensions to social status had little relation to their income. Orwell was thus brought up in an atmosphere of impoverished snobbery. After returning with his parents to England, he was sent in 1911 to a preparatory boarding school on the Sussex coast, where he was distinguished among the other boys by his poverty and his intellectual brilliance. He grew up a morose, withdrawn, eccentric boy, and he was later to tell of the miseries of those years in his posthumously published autobiographical essay, Such, Such Were the Joys (1953).

Orwell won scholarships to two of England's leading schools, Wellington and Eton, and briefly attended the former before continuing his studies at the latter, where he stayed from 1917 to 1921. Aldous Huxley was one of his masters, and it was at Eton that he published his first writing in college periodicals. Instead of matriculating at a university, Orwell decided to follow family tradition and, in 1922, went to Burma as assistant district superintendent in the Indian Imperial Police. He served in a number of country stations and at first appeared to be a model imperial servant. Yet from boyhood he had wanted to become a writer, and when he realized how much against their will the Burmese were ruled by the British, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role as a colonial police officer. Later he was to recount his experiences and his reactions to imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days and in two brilliant autobiographical sketches, "Shooting an Elephant" and "A Hanging," classics of expository prose.

Against imperialism

In 1927 Orwell, on leave to England, decided not to return to Burma, and on January 1, 1928, he took the decisive step of resigning from the imperial police. Already in the autumn of 1927 he had started on a course of action that was to shape his character as a writer. Having felt guilty that the barriers of race and caste had prevented his mingling with the Burmese, he thought he could expiate some of his guilt by immersing himself in the life of the poor and outcast people of Europe. Donning ragged clothes, he went into the East End of London to live in cheap lodging houses among labourers and beggars; he spent a period in the slums of Paris and worked as a dishwasher in French hotels and restaurants; he tramped the roads of England with professional vagrants and joined the people of the London slums in their annual exodus to work in the Kentish hopfields.

Those experiences gave Orwell the material for Down and Out in Paris and London, in which actual incidents are rearranged into something like fiction. The book's publication in 1933 earned him some initial literary recognition. Orwell's first novel, Burmese Days (1934), established the pattern of his subsequent fiction in its portrayal of a sensitive, conscientious, and emotionally isolated individual who is at odds with an oppressive or dishonest social environment. The main character of Burmese Days is a minor administrator who seeks to escape from the dreary and narrow-minded chauvinism of his fellow British colonialists in Burma. His sympathies for the Burmese, however, end in an unforeseen personal tragedy. The protagonist of Orwell's next novel, A Clergyman's Daughter (1935), is an unhappy spinster who achieves a brief and accidental liberation in her experiences among some agricultural labourers. Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936) is about a literarily inclined bookseller's assistant who despises the empty commercialism and materialism of middle-class life but who in the end is reconciled to bourgeois prosperity by his forced marriage to the girl he loves.

Orwell's revulsion against imperialism led not only to his personal rejection of the bourgeois lifestyle but to a political reorientation as well. Immediately after returning from Burma he called himself an anarchist and continued to do so for several years; during the 1930s, however, he began to consider himself a socialist, though he was too libertarian in his thinking ever to take the further step-so common in the period-of declaring himself a communist.

From The Road to Wigan Pier to World War II

Orwell's first socialist book was an original and unorthodox political treatise entitled The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). It begins by describing his experiences when he went to live among the destitute and unemployed miners of northern England, sharing and observing their lives; it ends in a series of sharp criticisms of existing socialist movements. It combines mordant reporting with a tone of generous anger that was to characterize Orwell's subsequent writing.

By the time The Road to Wigan Pier was in print, Orwell was in Spain; he went to report on the Civil War there and stayed to join the Republican militia, serving on the Aragon and Teruel fronts and rising to the rank of second lieutenant. He was seriously wounded at Teruel, with damage to his throat permanently affecting his voice and endowing his speech with a strange, compelling quietness. Later, in May 1937, after having fought in Barcelona against communists who were trying to suppress their political opponents, he was forced to flee Spain in fear of his life. The experience left him with a lifelong dread of communism, first expressed in the vivid account of his Spanish experiences, Homage to Catalonia (1938), which many consider one of his best books.

Returning to England, Orwell showed a paradoxically conservative strain in writing Coming Up for Air (1939), in which he uses the nostalgic recollections of a middle-aged man to examine the decency of a past England and express his fears about a future threatened by war and fascism. When World War II did come, Orwell was rejected for military service, and instead he headed the Indian service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). He left the BBC in 1943 and became literary editor of the Tribune, a left-wing socialist paper associated with the British Labour leader Aneurin Bevan. At this period Orwell was a prolific journalist, writing many newspaper articles and reviews, together with serious criticism, like his classic essays on Charles Dickens and on boys' weeklies and a number of books about England (notably The Lion and the Unicorn, 1941) that combined patriotic sentiment with the advocacy of a libertarian, decentralist socialism very much unlike that practiced by the British Labour Party.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
George Orwell | Biography, Books, Real Name, Political Views, & Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
George Orwell, English novelist, essayist, and critic famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the fictionalized but autobiographical Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
Newspeak was the language in this world. "Don`t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range og though? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to accept it" (s. 52) - they cannot get to express their meanings, even there thoughts are being controlled.

Crimestop - Nothing really happens, it is just imagination/hallusination (s. 278)

# data[].attributes.body
Winstons former wife. Winston keeps thinking about her, even though they have been seperated for 10 years. They had been together for about 15 months.

"Katharine was a tall, fair-haired girl, very straight, with splendid movements. She had a bald, aquiline face, a face that one might have called noble until one discovered that there was nearly as possbile nothing behind it" (s. 66)

She had an empty mind - no thoughts

# data[].attributes.body
Controlling the population (compare to the war in Ukrania - and how people are being treated in Russia)
Brainwashing

From Goldsteins book chapter 1 ignorance is strength - "But in each variant of socialism that appeared from about 1900 onwards the aim of establishing liberty and equality was more and more openly abandoned. The new movements which appeared in the middle years of the century, Ingsoc in Oceania, Neo-bolshevism in Eurasia, Death-worship in East-asia, had the conscious aim of prepetuating unfreedom and inequality. ... the purpose of them all was to arrest progress and freeze history at a chosen moment" (s. 203)

Goldstein is blaming the technology and the development of technological equipment such as printing, radio and television. (s. 205-206)

# data[].attributes.body
Julia and Winston - forbidden love
"Just once in almost a month of nightly meetings they managed to exchange a kiss" (s. 128)

# data[].attributes.body
London in 1984.
Oceania is in war with Eurasia. But four years earlier, Oceania had been at war with Eastasia and at peace with Eurasia (s. 154).

Later in the book - on the sixth day of Hate Week they announce that that Oceania is not at war with Eurasia, Oceania was at war with Eastasia - Eurasia was an ally. (s. 180) - in 24-hours all records, newspaper etc. about the war with Eurasia was erased(that`s how the Party works) (s. 181-182)

# data[].attributes.body
Big brother - face of the party. Citizens are told that he is the leader, but he never show his face. It is doubtful that he actually exists. "Nobody heard what Big Brother was saying. It was merely a few words of encouragement […] restoring confidence by the fact of being spoken" (p. 18). Using a term that normally describes a close family member, makes the citizens feel closer to him.
"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU"

# data[].attributes.body
Oranges and lemons,

Say the bells of St. Clement's.

You owe me five farthings,

Say the bells of St. Martin's.

When will you pay me?

Say the bells at Old Bailey.

When I grow rich,

Say the bells at Shoreditch.

When will that be?

Say the bells of Stepney.

I do not know,

Says the great bell at Bow.

Here comes a candle to light you to bed,

And here comes a chopper to chop off your head!

Chip chop chip chop the last man is dead.

It is an old British nursery rhyme with several meanings.

1. Symbolise something beautiful and nostalgic - Winston`s fascination with the past before the Party, and an image of London free from their control

2. When Winston and Julia are being caught (s. 231) - this is to look at how the Party has taken something innocent (like a childrens rhyme) and turned it into a form of pschological manipulation

"It was curious, but when you said it to yourself you had the illusion of actually hearing bells, the bells of a lost London that still existed somewhere or other, disguised and forgotten. From one ghostly steeple after another he seemed to hear them pealing forth" (p. 103).

# data[].attributes.body
Winston - probably referred to the former Prime Minister in Great Britian - democracy, peace, love. Wants to fight an oppressive regime.

Smith - Common aftername in UK, represent the plural

# data[].attributes.body
The book is all about describing the perfect totalitarian state.
This might make the top leader power-hungry or greedy for
Nazi-Germany and the Sovietunoin are two great examples - and they have both ended due to riots. And this won`t last at the end.

The Party wants to keep its power for its own goods - and does not think about the majority.

# data[].attributes.body
The populatin is at all the time being supervised and surveillanced, also without knowing it. they walk around afrid and cant do what they want or say what they want - they have to do what is best for the party and the inner memebers and what they control the population to do.
Government-supervision
The citizens must be aware of their. words, actions, movements and face-expressions at all the time. Even a small suspeciousy can lead to them being arrested.

The party is using propgaganda to produce fake news in papers and on meadia, and to create the history they want the population to see. this is to control their thoughts and feelings. if they see that they need to make a change they do so, and get rid of everything they want.
Some people are also been turned into sivilian "spies" for the Party so they can watch over the population - done thorugh propaganda.