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INSTRUCTIONS​

You will be put into small groups and will complete a research activity to find out as much as you can about the method you have been given.​

You have 30 minutes to complete as much of the following as possible and then we will share this back as a group (add to the Padlet board on lesson resources).​

Identify what the method is – what it is? Any examples?​

Explain how can it be used – what does it need to include?​

Analyse what you need to consider when using this method?​

Evidence an relevant source of information to support your findings​

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the method​

Higher thinking: What do you need to be cautious of when using this method? Are they always useful in different situations?​

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Chengyu, Haosen and Tianmin

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Vivian, Wenjian and Yifan

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Huanting, Qiyuan and Sujie

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Danyi and Yizhou

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Mingshi and Wanyao

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Lijie and Ziyi

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Sifan and Zerui

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Document analysis is a form of qualitative research in which documents are interpreted by the researcher to give voice and meaning around an assessment topic. Analyzing documents incorporates coding content into themes.

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It is a collection of media information, usually face-to-face. The interview should have a clear idea in advance, sufficient material preparation, and a thorough interview plan.
Individual visits, on-site inspections, attending meetings, conducting survey meetings,
The interview recording methods include silent notes, transcripts, photography, audio and video recordings.
before the interview
1) Master the basic situation and materials related to the interview content.
2) Read the documents and historical and realistic materials related to the report.
3) Develop an interview plan and outline.
Disadvantages: The sample is small, requires more manpower, material resources and time, and the application is limited.
Advantages: very easy, convenient and feasible, leading the in-depth conversation to obtain reliable and effective information

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It is primary research. A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and qualitative information.

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Document analysis may also be taken as discourse analysis, taking the documents under analysis as discourses which construct and constitute their own social reality. The American Declaration of Independence, for example, famously enshrined humanity's, not just American humanity's right, to “the pursuit of happiness” in a political document.

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The definition of an observation is the act of noticing something or a judgment or inference from something seen or experienced. An example of observation is the watching of Haley's Comet.

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1. A poll is a survey in which people are asked their opinions about something, usually in order to find out how popular something is or what people intend to do in the future.

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Introduction and Functions

Focus groups, also known as group interviews. It is a commonly used qualitative research method in social science research. Generally, a researcher who has been trained in research will conduct a semi-structured conversation with a group of respondents (i.e., pre-set some interview questions).
The main purpose of the group interview is to listen to the respondents' views on the research questions. Respondents were selected from the overall population of the study. The advantage of group interview is that researchers can often get unexpected findings from free discussion.

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1, self-introduction (let the survey respondents understand your identity or the survey sponsor);

2, the purpose of the survey (let the survey object know what you want to investigate);

3. Time and method of questionnaire recovery and other matters (such as informing the other party of the principle of anonymity and confidentiality of the survey, that the survey will not have an adverse effect on the respondents, sincerely thanking the respondents for their cooperation, and matters needing attention in the answers, etc.)

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steps of observation

Determine your research objective. Understand the objective and goals of your research.
Determine questions and create a research guide.
Establish your method of gathering data.
Observe.
Prepare your data.
Analyze behaviors in your data.

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Pros and cons
Pros: Help Understand Customer, Cost effective, Mark Targeted surveys, Fast Results.
Cons: Incorrect feedback, Ignorance of question,  Different interpretations, Superficial response

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A survey is a process of collecting information about people's needs or ideas.

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1. Questionnaire survey method: use a unified questionnaire to understand the situation or seek opinions from the respondents. It's standardized, written, sampled. It is divided into self-filling questionnaire and proxy filling questionnaire.
2, literature survey method: collect all kinds of literature, extract useful information method.
3, field observation method: according to the purpose of investigation, using their own sensory organs or with the aid of scientific observation tools, in a planned way to directly perceive social phenomena in the natural state.
4, interview survey method: visitors through oral conversation and other ways to directly understand the social situation or discuss social problems survey method.
5. Group interview method: the survey method in which the investigator invites several respondents to understand the social situation or study social problems through group discussion.

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Advantage
1.Good for obtaining factual information
2.An advantage is that documents abtrusive and can bd withoutparticipants ; they can be checked and re-checked for reliability
3.it overcomes the difficulties of encouraging participation by users

there are few costs involved other than staff time

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Need to be noticed

Focus groups have high requirements for the host, which requires the host to have strong hosting and communication skills, as well as good understanding ability, observation ability and objectivity. Otherwise, it is easy to produce deviations.

Focus groups are not suitable for investigating sensitive issues, unable to answer questions of "how much" and "size", which is not conducive to data collation and analysis, and cannot be used to estimate the overall situation of service objects, verify hypotheses, and draw conclusions from their results.

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The meaning of the investigation to investigate to understand the situation.
The main investigation methods are:
1. Interview method
This is a research method for researchers to explore the psychological state of the respondents by talking directly with the respondents.
2. Telephone investigation method
Telephone survey method refers to a survey method in which researchers ask respondents by phone to understand the required information. Because they do not have direct contact with each other, but with the help of telephone as an intermediary tool, it is an indirect investigation method.
3. Questionnaire
Large-ranging surveys are often conducted in the form of questionnaires. Questionnaires are written questions. The questionnaire summarizes the findings by collecting information, and then making quantitative and qualitative research and analysis.

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The randomness of the sample or the expertise of the investigated personnel should be taken into account when using the survey method.

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2. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals.

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Disadvantage
1.Cannot be used when input, output information is not document based.

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Advantages of polls:
1. It is an important tool for government decision-making to refer to, reflect social conditions and public opinions, educate the masses of people ideologically, and guide social opinion to develop in the right direction. Social science workers to understand the actual situation, an important means of scientific research
2. Public opinion survey Public opinion test asks fewer questions, focuses on the content, and is fast. It can directly obtain popular public opinion reflection. In particular, the development of modern communication tools and mass communication tools, the popularization of radio, television, telephone, newspapers and magazines, as well as the wide application of electronic computers, have provided a lot of convenient conditions for the development of public opinion surveys and tests.

Disadvantages of polls:
1. If the methods used in public opinion surveys are not scientific, the results will deviate from the real public opinion, and it will cause errors in our work to make judgments and guide our work based on such results.
2. The results of public opinion survey can only reflect the orientation of certain "public opinion", but can not indicate the rights and wrongs of certain public opinion.

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Advantages

Focus group is a more authentic method than personal interview or questionnaire survey. Referring to the advantages of this method, the researchers wrote: "it allows individuals to propose tentative explanations, which can then be rejected by others; it allows some people to impose their own views on others; and the explanations are patterned and distorted due to people's feelings of love and hate, which often happen in real life."

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Use process
1.Create a list of texts to explore (e.g., population, samples, respondents, participants).

2.Consider how texts will be accessed with attention to linguistic or cultural barriers.

3.Acknowledge and address biases.

4.Develop appropriate skills for research.

5.Consider strategies for ensuring credibility.

6.Know the data one is searching for.

7.Consider ethical issues (e.g., confidential documents).

8.Have a backup plan.

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Advantages of Observation
(1) Simplest Method
(2) Useful for Framing Hypothesis
(3) Greater Accuracy
(4) An Universal Method
(5) Observation is the Only Appropriate Tool for Certain Cases
(6) Independent of People's Willingness to Report
(1) Some of the Occurrences may not be Open to Observation

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Disadvantages of Observation
(1)Everything is not observed: There are various personal behaviors and secrets which the researcher does not observe. ...
(2)Past life remains unknown: The observation method has no technique to study the subject's past life.

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Constitute

Focus groups typically involve 8-12 people and need to have a specific target group that has some kind of connection to the topic being discussed.

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1. Simple and engaging language.

2. Keep questions neutral.

3. Limit the options.

4. Avoid misleading questions

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Advantages:
1, questionnaire method to save time, funds and manpower.
2. Questionnaire survey results are easy to quantify.
3. The questionnaire survey results are convenient for statistical processing and analysis.

Disadvantages:
Design - oriented questionnaire survey is difficult.  Future-oriented research often requires understanding users' intentions, motivations, and thought processes.  Questions like questionnaire survey are often ineffective or difficult to design.  And open questions, recycling quality, analysis and statistics will also be affected