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Realism, Naturalism, Nonreligious Topics, Linear Perspective, Rounded Arches, Golden Proportions, Contrapposto, Natural Drapery

'The Tribute Money', c.1424-27 (fresco)

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The Arnolfini Portrait Artist: Jan van Eyck ca. 1434

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EARLY NORTHERN RENAISSANCE (around 1430)

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EARLY NORTHERN RENAISSANCE (around 1430)

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Advanced oil painting techniques, realistic, expressive altarpiece art, portraiture on wooden panel paintings, woodcuts and other forms of printmaking.

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Portrait of Mona Lisa del Giocondo Leonardo da Vinci  (1452–1519)

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Advances in painting technique, linear perspective, the realistic depiction of both physical and psychological features, the manipulation of light and darkness, softening the transition between colours and chiaroscuro, modeling.

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The Rest on the Flight into Egypt (c1510) by Gerard David

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Oil paintings, great realism, subtle detail

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Hyper-idealization, distorted human forms; staged, awkward movement; exaggerated poses; crowded, unorganized compositions; nervous, erratic line; sour color palettes, and ambiguous space.

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Oceanic art or Oceanian art comprises the creative works made by the native people of the Pacific Islands and Australia, including areas as far apart as Hawaii and Easter Island. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. Art such as masks were used in religious ceremonies or social rituals.

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Saint Jerome in Meditation 1605 painting by Caravaggio 1571-1610

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Grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, dynamism, movement, tension, emotional exuberance.

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The Spanish artists were masters of simplicity and painted in earthy colors, refusing to paint in the ostentatious style of the Italian Baroque using the allegorical flowing symbols of the Catholic religion.

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The style of painting produced in Flanders during the 17th century is known as Flemish Baroque. This style was produced between about 1585, when the Dutch Republic split from the Habsburg Spain regions of the south, until about 1700, when the Habsburg rule ended after the death of King Charles II.

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Appeal to senses, historical paintings, portraiture, landscapes and cityscapes, still lifes and genre paintings.

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Detail of border figure 61, Nasca, Mantle (“The Paracas Textile“), 100-300 C.E.,

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The Native American artist attempts for balance, harmony, beauty, and order. The designs and symbols were often forms of communication or a way to honor the gods. However, the types of art created by Native Americans differ by the geographic area and lifestyle of the particular tribe.

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Frivolous iconography, an attention to ornate detail, and an abundance of pastel tones, soft, playful.

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MRS KNIGHT MID-CENTURY ENGLISH ROCOCO STYLE

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In England, the Rococo is defined by an attitude of superficial frivolity, not by the soft and organic spiraling forms of France.

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German architects adapted the Rococo style but made it far more asymmetric and loaded with more ornate decoration than the French original. The German style was characterized by an explosion of forms that cascaded down the walls.

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Jacques-Louis David, "Oath of the Horatii

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Neoclassical painting is characterized by the use of straight lines, a smooth paint surface, the depiction of light, a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of forms. The works of Jacques-Louis David are usually hailed as the epitome of Neoclassical painting.

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Straight lines, a smooth paint surface, the depiction of light, a minimal use of color, and the clear, crisp definition of forms

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The executions of 3 May', Francisco de Goya

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Deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect.

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Viewed as a means of making the presence of the artist's thoughts and emotions apparent, French Romantic paintings are often characterized by loose, flowing brushstrokes and brilliant colors in a manner that was often equated with the painterly style of the Baroque artist Rubens.

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Caspar David Friedrich, (1774–1840) Moonrise by the Sea, 1822

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German Romanticism (1760s and early 1780s)

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German Romanticism (1760s and early 1780s)

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A new combination of art, philosophy, and science, by viewing the Middle Ages as a simpler period of unified culture. The German romantics became aware of the weakness of the cultural unity they wanted. Late-stage German Romanticism focused on the tension between the daily world and the irrational and transcendental projections of creative genius.

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Romantic artists shared an attitude towards humanity, nature, and art, but each was distinct in its unique expressions. The rejection of established orders, including religious and social systems, became a dominant theme of the Romantic movement. By 1820, Romanticism had firmly established itself throughout Europe.

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Romanticism expressed itself in architecture primarily through imitations of older architectural styles and through eccentric buildings known as “follies.” Medieval Gothic architecture appealed to the Romantic imagination in England and Germany, and this renewed interest led to the Gothic Revival.

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Gustave Courbet: A Burial at Ornans (1849-50)

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Real people, ordinary landscapes and rural activities, depicted with a concern for social and political issues.

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Claude Monet, Meadow with poplars (1875)

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Religious, historical, or mythological subjects, watercolor-y

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Georges Seurat: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-86)

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Vivid colors, a thick application of paint and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, distort forms for an expressive effect and use unnatural and seemingly random colors.

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Dissonance, contrasts, changing textures, distorted, extremes, no cadences.

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Pablo Picasso, 1910, Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier),

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Flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories that art should imitate nature

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Artistic and social movement, originated in Italy, focused on dynamism, speed, technical progress of modern machine age and change, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.

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Constructivism is aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials.

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Suprematism is an early twentieth-century art movement focused on the fundamentals of geometry (circles, squares, rectangles), painted in a limited range of colors. The term suprematism refers to an abstract art based upon "the supremacy of pure artistic feeling" rather than on visual depiction of objects.

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Anything goes! Irrationality, humor, and silliness.

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"Lullaby of Uncle Magritte” (2016), Michael Cheval

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Surrealism is a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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Wassily Kandinsky - Untitled (First Abstract Watercolor), 1910. Watercolor and Indian ink and pencil on paper.

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Opposition to the Renaissance Model and Figurative Art; Non-Representational Art; Subjective art; Absence of Recognizable Objects; Valuation of Shapes, Colors, Lines and Textures.

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Oil on canvas - Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome Piet Mondrian

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De Stijl, meaning 'Style' was a modern art movement developed in the Netherlands in the early twentieth century. De Stijl was a circle of Dutch abstract artists who promoted a style of art based on a strict geometry of horizontals and verticals. Originally a publication, De Stijl was founded in 1917 by two pioneers of abstract art, Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg. De Stijl means style in Dutch.

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Abstract Expressionism (late 1940's and 1950's)

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Abstract Expressionism (late 1940's and 1950's)

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Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract art developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de Kooning in the 1940's and 1950's. It is often characterised by gestural brush-strokes or mark-making, and the impression of spontaneity.

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Barnett Newman 1905-1970 | Voice of Fire, 1967

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Order, Simplicity, and Harmony

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 Architect: Jorn Utzon; Engineer: Ove Arup

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Clean, minimal lines, Broad roof overhangs, Walls of glass and large windows, Open and well-defined floorplans, Modern and traditional building materials, A relationship to the outside environment, Asymmetrical designs.

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Conceptual Art (mid-1960's to mid-1970's)

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Conceptual Art (mid-1960's to mid-1970's)

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Conceptual art, also referred to as conceptualism, is art in which the concepts or ideas involved in the work take precedence over traditional looks, technical, and material concerns.
"In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair. The idea becomes a machine that makes the art."

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Popular (designed for a mass audience), Transient (short-term solution), Expendable (easily forgotten), Low cost, Mass produced, Young (aimed at youth), Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Glamorous, Big business.

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Feminist art refers to the efforts and accomplishments of feminists internationally to produce art that reflects women's lives and experiences, as well as to change the foundation for the production and perception of contemporary art. Highlights the societal and political differences women experience within their lives.

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Art using natural resources to showcase a natural beauty. Environmental art is a range of artistic practices encompassing both historical approaches to nature in art and more recent ecological and politically motivated types of works. It primarily celebrates an artist's connection with nature using natural materials.

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Postmodern architecture, (AKA “PoMo,”) is a style of building design that embraces individualism and experimentation. It emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture. Sought to make buildings dynamic and fun while breaking the rules.