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Nets can break when constantly dragged on the seabed

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Pots are baited and animals must swim into the pot via entrances/funnels to access the bait

Target species:
Bottom dwelling organisms, scup, black seabass, eels

Advantages:
Culling rings can be added to allow undersized creatures to escape, though marine mammals and turtles can still be injured
Weak links and breakable lines can be added to allow entangled animals to break free without injury

Disadvantages:
Lines connecting pots to the surface buoys can entangle marine mammals or lacerate other cetaceans, though weak links and breakable lines can mitigate this issue

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Traps are normally not baited, but catch fish and other organisms by leading them into the trap, eventually to the fish compartment, that is designed for holding the fish entrapped with low possibility of escaping.

Targeted species: tidal fish, benthic organisms

Advantages
Highly specific fish due by adjusting size of cages
Disadvantage
Traps can entangle unwanted species

Catch quality: Higher quality, one trap usually can only hold certain no. of organisms, preventing compression
Environmental impacts: trap & entangle unwanted species.

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Similar to handling, but with a longer fishing line and on a moving vessel. A powered reel is used to hual in the line

Target species: Pelagic fast-moving fish

Advantage:
Low chance of bycatch due to moving vessel.
Disadvantage
Higher energy consumption due to moving vessel

Quality: high quality due to less compression & quick harvest of fish
Environmental impact: energy consumption from the ship. Discards of unwanted species.

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Large catch

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Simple gear with hook attached vertically in the water coloumn . Gear can have multiple hooks. Line is attached to a boat either moving or stationary or from shore.

Target species: Pelagic & demersal fish

Advantage:
Easy and simple to use
Low chance of bycatch
Disadvantage:
low yield
slow

Quality of catch: good quality as less compression, blood loss & quick harvest.
Environmental impact: potential bycatch of unwanted species if attracted to the bait/lure.

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Gill nets are often lost after being stuck on a rough bottom, meaning it will continue to catch kill fish over long periods of time

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The trawling net causes seafloor sediments to become resuspended, altering the local water chemistry, making the water more turbid and decreasing light penetration. Some sediments become carried away via the currents and the seafloor can be changed from soft mud to bare rock, eliminating creatures which used to live in the soft mud

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Catch fish by entanglement. Made of 3 nets, a middle panel with small meshes and 2 outer side panels with larger meshes
When a fish comes in contact with the net, it will press the small mesh net through the large mesh net, causing it to be entangled or pouched

Targeted species: demersal fish

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Large bycatch, destruction of sea floor habitats, uprooting of aquatic plants, coral reefs and burying animal burrows

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Bycatch are often discarded

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Purse seine nets have been known to bycatch marine mammals and sharks when the target species is tuna

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Advantages: Fishes swimming down are unable to escape the net, does not cause sedimentation of seabeds
Disadvantages: High chance of having bycatch, induce more pressure in on fish stocks

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Use of long lines with hooks placed at regular intervals. Baits/artificial lures are attached to the hooks to attract fish by exploiting the chemical sense of the fish.

Longlines can be both pelagic & benthic, depending on target species.

Advantage:
Low sea-bed destruction
small fish less likely to get caught due to size of bait & hooks
Massive yield
less energy consumption
Disadvantage:
High chance bycatch (can be mitigated by adjusting equipment eg. hook size)

Catch quailty: Good quality as less compression and less blood loss and quicker harvest.
Environmental impact: Bycatches of unwanted targets, can be mitigated by adjusting gear used

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- Reduction in populations of targeted fishes
- Habitat disturbance
- Food chain imbalances

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Made of fine threads and stationed with floats(pelagic) or weights(bottom).
It catches fish by gilling, meaning the fine is caught in the net by the Gill region. This occurs when the fish encounter the nets while feeding or migrating, and catches are more successful with low visibility(low light or high turbidity).

Targeted species: pelagic, like tuna, mackerel, salmon, squid, herring and demersal, like cod, flatfish, snapper and croakers

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- The catch quality drastically becomes lower as the spears/harpoons pierced through the flesh of the animal
- Some harpoons contain poison so when the harpoon strikes the animal, the body would become poisoned and the meat would have high traces of poison that cannot be eated

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Advantages: Highly selective, does not cause bycatch or pollution, capture larger fishes
Disadvantages: Can target wrong targeted species when the spear is thrown, person is at risk of drowning or attacked by species like sharks when throwing spears

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Can be described as a combination of trawling and seining. When the seine and warps sank to the bottom, the warps are hauled. While tightening, the warps move inwards towards the centre line between the vessel and the seine bag. targeted species in the encircled area will then be herded towards the central part of the area. As the warps are further tightened, the seine bag moves forward and catches the targeted species.

Targeted species: Different flatfishes like plaice and sole, cod, and other demersal species

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They are netting bags that are towed through the water to catch targeted species lurking in the area. The trawl entrance should remain open at all times so fishes can enter into the trawls.

Targeted species: Scallops, clams, mussels, cod, haddock, hake, sandeel, flatfish, weakfish, croakers, shrimps,  herring, mackerel, horse-mackerel, blue whiting and pollock

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When using spears or harpoons, the person has to rely on visual observation of the targeted species which will then be impaled by either spears or harpoons within a short distance.

Targeted species: Flatfish, swordfish, tunas and whales

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Movement of target species towards the gear for capture

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Aimed chase at target species