# data[].attributes.body
function of cell: conducts foods made in the leaves during photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant
special adaptation(s) of cell:
-sieve tubes: specialized for transport and have no nuclei. each sieve tube has a perforated end so its cytoplasm connects one cell to the next. a sieve tube is completely dependent on its companion cell(s)
-companion cells: transport of substances in the phloem requires energy. one or more companion cells attached to each sieve tube provides this energy.

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function of cell: to carry out the set of chromosomes contributed by the female and create the right environment to enable fertilization by the sperm. Ova also provide nutrients for the growing embryo until it sinks into the uterus and the placenta takes over
special adaptation(s ) of cell:
-adapted to its function by the presence of cytoplasm, which increases its surface area to make it easier in the development of the embryo within it.
-the egg cell is also bigger in size when compared to the sperm cell.
-has a hard outer covering which prevents more sperms than necessary from getting in -> only 1 sperm cel at a time

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Function: Found in the small intestine, its function is to absorb nutrients passing through , into the blood stream

Special adaptation: villus's is a finger like structure with a single layered wall, letting nutrients passing through the small intestine have a shorter diffusion path into the bloodstream, they also have a large surface to increase rate of absorption

# data[].attributes.body
name of cell:
mesophyll cell

function:
they are the main site for photosynthesis

adaptation:
they are found as two different types of cells, the palisade parenchyma and the spongy mesophyll. The palisade parenchyma are located under the epidermis of the leaf and helps to protect it. They also contain a lot of chloroplasts. The spongy mesophyll allows carbon dioxide to move around the leaf and allows the plant to bend and move in the wind

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function: the cells are responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

special adaptations:

- the cell has a long fibre so they can carry messages up and down the body over long distances.

- the axon is covered in a fatty myelin sheath, which acts as an electrical insulator. This increases the speed of transmission by forcing the impulse to jump between gaps in the sheath, rather than passing along the full length of the axon.

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Functions: conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plants and also provide physical support.

Special adaptation: They lose their end walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube. They become strengthened by a substances called lignin. Lignin provide strength and support to the plants.

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Identify a specialised cell that is found in plants or animal and state its special adaptations (structure) and function. Present your answer in this format:

1. Name of cell:
2: Function of cell:
3: Special adaptation(s) of cell:

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Function: Optimises leaf gas exchange

Special adaptations: Guard cells are usually found at the leafs epidermis,near the stomata. They expand or shrink depending on the surroundings so as to continue gaseous exchange while controlling how much water the plant loses

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Functions: sperm cell is released during sexual intercourse and to eventually meet with an ovum. The sperm will penetrate and fertilise the egg in order to create new genetic material.

Special adaptation: Carrying genetic information to an egg, it has a streamlined body that allows it to move quickly. It contains large number of mitochondrial are present in the mid region, so it's able to produce a lot of energy in order to operate the tail.

# data[].attributes.body
name of cell: red blood cells

function: to bring oxygen to the tissues in the body

adaptation:
has a protein called hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen
has a biconcave shape
it does not have a nucleus

# data[].attributes.body
cell name:
-root hair cells

function:
-the uptake of water and nutrients from the rhizosphere

adaptation:
-taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. They also contain lots of mitochondria , which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport.

# data[].attributes.body
cell name:
-muscle cells

function:
-bring parts of the body closer together

adaptation:
-have many mitochondria to provide energy for movement
-have muscle fibre which can relax and contract to change the shape of the cell