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The Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism

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The Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism

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From your textbook: Andrew Carnegie, more than any other businessman of the era, championed the idea that America’s leading
tycoons (mega-wealthy men) owed a debt to society. He believed that, given the circumstances of their successes, they should
serve as benefactors to the less fortunate public. For Carnegie, poverty was not an abstract concept, as his family had been a part of the struggling masses. He desired to set an example of philanthropy for all other prominent industrialists of the era to follow. Carnegie’s famous essay, The Gospel of Wealth,
explained his beliefs. In it, he borrowed from Herbert Spencer’s theory of social Darwinism, which
held that society developed much like plant or animal life through a process of evolution in which the most fit and capable people enjoyed the greatest material and social success.

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The Industrial Revolution created great wealth - but only for a few.  Farmers suffered from low prices for their crop but high costs for practically everything else. As more people moved away from farms, cities became overcrowded and unsanitary. Children worked for long hours in factories. People turned to the government for help.

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Super-wealthy industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller were called Robber Barons because, according to your textbook, they were seen as "self-centered drive for profit at the expense of workers and the general public, who seldom benefited to any great degree." Others called them "Captains of Industry"because of the good things that came out of the Industrial Revolution: steel, machinery, innovations, technology, architecture, and transportation.

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Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration brought many benefits to America, but they also produced challenging social problems.  In response, a movement called Progressivism emerged in the late 1890s.  Progressives believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice.  Progressives brought lasting reforms that still effect society today. (Source: http://www.adair.k12.ky.us)

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Watch this short overview of the Industrial Revolution (3:34 min).

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Turning Points in History - Industrial Revolution

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Ever been to Chicago? This famous house is still there! Jane Adams was a famous social reformer. She opened a house to help women gain skills so they didn't have to work in live in such terrible conditions. Many female college graduates who had degrees in Sociology went to this neighborhood in Chicago to live with poor women and their children and apply what they learned to help these poor families. In the picture, you see young girls learning instead of working in a factory.

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Jacob Riis was a police reporter who used his photography skills to show the country the terrible living conditions of workers in his book, How the Other Half Lives, which led to a revolution in social reform.

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Causes of the Progressive Movement: The Gilded Age, The Industrial Revolution, Extreme Poverty

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Causes of the Progressive Movement: The Gilded Age, The Industrial Revolution, Extreme Poverty

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Washington was an author and great orator (speaker) who advised both Roosevelt and Taft. He advocated a small-steps approach to improving education and life for black Americans.

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Booker T. Washington - Check123, Video Encyclopedia

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Watch this video and learn all about Booker T. Washington. Amazing facts about Black History, slavery, 19th century, and american history in 1, 2 or 3 minute videos!

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Father of modern education. Wrote a famous book called Democracy and Education.

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John Dewey - Check123, Video Encyclopedia

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Watch this video and learn all about . Amazing facts about in 1, 2 or 3 minute videos!

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Began in 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois. The nation's oldest, largest, and most widely recognized grassroots based civil rights organization.

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Watch this video and learn all about NAACP. Amazing facts about 20th Century, american history, Black History, and civil rights movement in 1, 2 or 3 minute videos!