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Scales-used on maps as a tool for measuring distance
Equator- imaginary line that divides the Earth
Map Key- explains the symbols on the map

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Nomad-Person who regularly moves from place to place in search of food
Domestication-tame animals and plants for human use
Specialization-  development of different types of jobs
Sumer- a city in Mesopotamia
Agriculture- growing crops for human use or farming

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-Fertile
-2 rivers
Good for farming

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Polytheistic

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-Cuneiform
-Bronze
-Sailboat
-wheel
-Levees
-number system based on 60

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Cuneiform

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Hammurabi's code

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Deity-god or goddess
Pharoah- all powerful king in Ancient Egypt
Dynasty- line of rulers from one family
Pyramid- tomb built for Egyptian pharoahs
Polytheistic- belief in more than one God

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-Successful near river
-4,000 miles long
-surrounded by Deserts
-longest river in the world

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-Polytheism
-Believed the Pharoahs needed a body in afterlife
-invented embalming to preserve the body of the Pharoahs

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-Papyrus
-geometry
-Hieroglphics

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Heiroglphics

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2 kingdoms Upper & Lower)

United into one kingdom by 4000 B.C.

A dynasty was developed

Theocracy

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Covenant- agreement
Monotheism- the belief in one God
Rabbi- Jewish leader and Teacher of the Torah
Moses- a prophet of God who was given the Ten Commandments
Messiah – in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God

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Judaism

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1). You shall have no other Gods but me
2). You shall not make for yourself any idol, nor bow down to it or worship it.
3). You shall not make for yourself any idol, nor bow down to it or worship it.
4). You shall remember and keep the Sabbath day holy
5). Respect your father and mother
6). You must not commit murder.
7). You must not commit adultery
8). You must not give false evidence against your neighbour.
9).You must not steal
10). You must not be envious of your neighbour's goods. You shall not be envious of his house nor his wife, nor anything that belongs to your neighbour.

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Sanskrit- written language developed by the Aryans
Caste- social group a person is born into and cannot change
Hinduism- system of religion that grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India
Dharma- the divine law that requires people to perform the duties of their caste
Nirvana- a state of wisdom and freedom from the cycle of rebirth

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-Subcontinent
-Himalayas
-2 rivers
-monsoon
-rich fertile soil

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-founded by Siddhartha Gautama
-rejects caste system
- 4 noble truths

Life is full of suffering

People suffer because they desire worldly things

The way to end suffering is to stop desiring things

The only way to stop desiring things is to follow the Eightfold Path

Eightfold Truths:

Tell the truth, don't gossip

No killing,stealing,living an unclean life

Keep your mind and senses under control

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Dharma- divine law that states the Hindus must perform the duties of their caste
Karma- Consequences of how a person lives
-Worlds Largest religion and one of the oldest
-All life is sacred
- Developed from the Aryan religion

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-Algebra
-concept & symbol for Zero
-explained infinity
-invented symbols for 1-9
-invented algorithms

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Dynasty- line of rulers from the same family
Astriocrat- noble whose wealth came from land ownership
Pictograph- a character that stands for an object
Ideograph-a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea
Mandate-formal order

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-Mountains and Deserts
-very little farmland

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Gunpowder, compass, wood block printing, Porcelain

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-Rulers were part of a dynasty
-rulers were called emperors

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Polis- city state and the surrounding countryside that runs like its own country
Agora- an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place

Myth- story describing gods, heroes, or natural events
Epic- long poem that tells about legends or heroes
Comedy- form of drama in which the story has a happy ending

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-mountains and islands
-peninsula

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Socrates- socratic method
Plato- wrote Plato's Republic (describes the best government headed by philosopher kings)
Aristotle- wrote the book politics (his ideas shaped European and American government)
Archimedes- discovered solid geometry and pi to measure area of circles
Pythgoras- taught that the universe was governed by the same laws as music and numbers.

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-Greek city-states like Athens will join the Delian League.
-Delian League was an alliance to defend Greek land from the Persians near them.

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Sparta government- Oligarchy, 2 kings with little power, council of Elders

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Beat the Persian Empire and captured Egypt
continued conquest in Arabia

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Veto- to reject
Dictator- a person who ruled with complete power
Pax Romana- long era of peace and safety in the Roman Empire
Aqueduct- human made channel built to carry water
Gladiator- person who fought animals and other people as public entertainment

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Peninsula that looked like a boot and sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea

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polytheistic

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-Rich v. Poor
-Rome's reforms fail
-Army enters politics

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How did their government influence us today?

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How did their government influence us today?

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law and government

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Concrete
Colosseum
Aqueducts

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Messiah- A deliverer sent by God
Disciple- close follower of Jesus
Resurrection- the act of rising from thr dead
Apostle- early Christian leader who helped to set up churches and spread the message of Jesus
Salvation- the act of being saved from sin nd allowed to enter heaven

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- Jewish laws were nt as important as having a relationship with God
- God was coming to Rule the World and God was his Father
-God wanted people to forgive others like God does
-Used stories to teach lessons(parables)

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- Many Jewish people said he healed the sick
-Many thought that he was he Messiah
-Other Jews thought that he was not a savior
- The Romans thought Jesus was trying to get the Jewish to overthrow them
- They arrested Jesus during Passover
-He was charged with not ebing loyal to the government
-They crucified him by hanging him on a cross until he was dead

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Jesus was beaten and tortured and then Crucified by hanging him on a cross until he was dead

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- Disciples
-Apostle
-Moses
-Abraham
-missionaries
-Peter
-Paul

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-Catholic Church

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- Spread Jesus's teachings in the eastern part of the Roman Empire(Byzantine)

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Simplified laws to better understand them

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Caravan- group of traveling merchants and animals
Oasis- green area in a desert fed by undrground water
Quran- Holy book of Islam
Mosque- Muslim house of worhsip
Bazaar-marketplace

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-Mostly Desert
-hot and has sandstoems
-villages near oasis

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Belief in one God (Allah)
Allah created the universe
- obey his laws and will be blessed i  Heaven
Muhammad is NOT the son of God

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-visited by an angel and told to preach Islam

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-Algebra
-Astrolabe
-Chemistry
-minarets
-Bazaars

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- Trade

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Animism- Belief that all natural things are alive and have their own spirit
Shrine- holy place
samurai- class of warriors in Feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land
shogun-military general over a large area of Feudal Japan
Daimyo- powerful military lord over small territories in Feudal Japan

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chain of islands
volcanoes
very little farmland

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animism, kami, shrines

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land for loyalty