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Scientific: Diamorphine

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Narcotic

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-Circulatory system: Heroin impacts the circulatory system in many different ways.

Heart valves often get bacterial infections

Heroin also leads to scarred and collapsed veins and blood infections.

-Respiratory system: Heroin impacts the respiratory system

Chronic heroin users have lung problems including tuberculosis and pneumonia

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-A lethal dose for an anverage 170lbs (who hasn't been exposed to opiodids very much) is between 75-375 mg.
-It also depends on route of administration
-Also depends on drug interactions

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-Produces euphoria
-Dry mouth
-Warm flushing of skin
-Heavy feeling in arms and legs
-Nausea and vomiting
-Severe itching
-Clouded mental functioning
-Back and forth state of being conscious and semiconscious

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-Insomnia
-Collapsed veins for people who inject the drug
-Damaged tissue inside the nose for people who sniff or snort it
-Infection of the heart lining and valves
-Abscesses (swollen tissue filled with pus)
-Liver and kidney disease
-Lung complications
-Mental disorders such as depression and antisocial personality disorder
-Sexual dysfunction for men
-Irregular menstrual cycles for women

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-No longer detectable in a person's urine after just two days. However some tests can detect heroin in urine for up to 7 days.
-Heroin has a short half life so blood and saliva tests aren't often used for heroin
-Hair follicle test is the only test that can detect heroin for 3 months or more.

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-Overdose is treated with Naloxone. It works by rapidly binding to opioid receptors and blocking the effects of heroin.
-Sometimes more than one dose is needed
-Naloxone is available as an injectable solution, auto-injector, and nasal spray
-With the increased opioid overdoes the reversal is available to families and now first responders tend to carry the auto injectors with them

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Heroin can't be detected in autopsy samples because of how short the half life is and that it metabolizes too quickly

Presumptive testing using colorimetric is used by field officers to detect if substances at the scene are illegal.

Confirmatory testing includes separation techniques to separate the various compounds and spectroscopy instruments to identify the chemical characteristics.

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-Dr. Toresten Passie of the Hannover Medical School in Germany has done studies to see in heroin helps ease opiate addiction. Typically opiate addicts are using opiates, alcohol, marijuana, and benzodiazepines to deal with underlying psychiatric conditions. In his study her found that compared to methadone, the opiate drug currently used to treat addiction to opiates, patients taking heroin reduced their use of other drugs by a third, with 60% of patients stopping the use of all other drugs within the first year. Also he found that after four weeks of heroin use, patients no longer experience any intoxicating effects from the drug, denying the theory that they're not just taking drugs to get high.

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-Heroin is illegal in the United States
-The production of heroin and use of heroin has tripled over the last three decades.

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-People who have engaged in non-medical use of opioid painkillers are at least 3 times more likely to use heroin than the general population
-Heroin's parent compound opium has been known since before history was recorded. In 1803 a german chemist isolated the active ingredient in opium called morphine. In 1898 while trying to find a less addictive form of morphine a chemist started manufacturing heroin and it lead to a massive international marketing campaign.

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Blog, A. B. (n.d.). Addiction Blog. Retrieved from http://drug.addictionblog.org/heroin-overdose-how-much-amount-of-heroin-to-od/

Forensic Drug Chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/drugs/principles.html

How Long Does Heroin Stay in Your System? (Urine, Blood, Saliva, Hair). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://americanaddictioncenters.org/heroin-treatment/how-long-in-system/

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Heroin. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin

Watkins, M., & M. (n.d.). Street Names and Nicknames for Heroin - Heroin Rehab Help. Retrieved from https://luxury.rehabs.com/heroin-addiction/street-names-and-nicknames/#names

What Heroin Does To Your Body. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/heroin-addiction/what-heroin-does-to-your-body/#gref