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Newspaper Article on Another Survivor of the Holocaust

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Newspaper Article on Another Survivor of the Holocaust

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Read the article. Then compare this survivor's message to Anne Frank's message.

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There is a candle burning in the dining room at Osi Sladek's home in Denver.

"To remember the six million," he said, referring to the millions of Jews killed in the Holocaust.

"And within the six million, 1.5 million were children under the age of 12," Sladek continued. "I fell into this category. If I would have been caught by the Nazis, I wouldn't have been here talking to you."

April 12 is Yom HaShoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Sladek's has a mind full of memories from the Holocaust.

He was just a child when it started, living with his Jewish family in Slovakia.

"Since age six, I lived with fear in my life for a long time," he said. "As people were taken away, we were more and more worried about the fact that one of these days we're going to be picked up and sent to a concentration camp."

When Sladek was only eight years old, his parents sent him to stay with relatives in Hungary. He remembers a smuggler sneaking him across the border, where he was met by police who questioned him for hours. He was eventually released to his family, and stayed in Hungary for about a year before returning home.

But soon, the whole family fled. Sladek and his parents hid with other Jews in the Tatra Mountains. They spent the cold winter months first in a cabin, until Nazis found the building. Then later, the family hid in a cave.

"There were a few very, very close calls," he said.

Sladek and his family survived the Holocaust, but learned many of their family members did not.

"Unfortunately, half of my family died. All of my cousins I had," he said, adding - several childhood friends were killed, too.

As a young man, Sladek moved to the U.S. -- where he met a woman from Colorado. They got married and started a family. He says he never talked about the Holocaust back then. It wasn't until he was 40 years old and saw a movie with his son about the Holocaust.

"I came out of the movie and I was sobbing," he said. "It just touched me so strongly."

Sladek began sharing his story with others. He is involved in education programs at the Mizel Museum in Denver.

"The tricky thing with history is, history never repeats itself. It repeats, but it repeats in different forms," he said.

A study, released this week by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany shows many people don't have detailed knowledge about the Holocaust.

Sladek said he isn't surprised that people are forgetting the Holocaust. Especially for the younger audiences, he tries to offer more than just a history lesson when he shares his personal story.

"They don't know how real life is, and they need to find out. Because someday they'll have to face some real serious situations," he said, hoping to offer some inspiration, too.

"We are not all good, and not all bad - we are a combination. This is how humans are built," he said. "It's up to you, while you are young, to think about what kind of person you want to be when you grow up. You can choose."

The Mizel Museum is offering several "Eyewitness to History" programs throughout the next few weeks. The museum is also opening a Holocaust exhibit later this month.

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A Holocaust survivor's powerful reminder why you should never forget

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There is a candle burning in the dining room at Osi Sladek's home in Denver. "To remember the six million," he said, referring to the millions of Jews killed in the Holocaust. "And within the six million, 1.5 million were children under the age of 12," Sladek continued.

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Newspaper Article on Discovering Who Told the Nazis about the Frank Family in Hiding 

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Newspaper Article on Discovering Who Told the Nazis about the Frank Family in Hiding 

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Read the article. Then, post how you think the Frank family was discovered.

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Those techniques may allow them to re-evaluate old evidence - for instance, whether the knock on the wall, described in Anne Frank's diary, was someone telling those hiding that they were being too loud, or whether it could have been a trap.

Such modern and expensive techniques were not available to the Dutch national police when they unsuccessfully investigated the case in 1948 and again in 1963.

Much is known about Anne Frank's life during her two years in hiding, thanks both to her famous diary and the accounts of helpers and friends published after the war. But far less is known about the circumstances surrounding the raid on Aug. 4, 1944.

The raid ended her time in the house on the Prinsengracht and precipitated her long and torturous journey to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where she is believed to have died in February 1945.

In a country from which an estimated 108,000 Jews were deported - of whom only about 5,500 returned - the reopening of the case is also part of a larger national conversation.

"She used to be the girl that we protected and now she has become the girl that we betrayed," said Bart van der Boom, an expert on the Nazi occupation and a lecturer at Leiden University. "It's a function of how the Dutch perceive themselves during the occupation."

That perception changed in the 1960s, said Dr. van der Boom, when the Dutch started to question the traditional narrative that all Dutch people were victims of the Nazis. The Dutch Resistance Museum in Amsterdam, for example, now features a narrative thread describing the life of a collaborator, as well as ones about people who stayed neutral, those who resisted and those who were victimized.

At least 28,000 Jews hid from the Germans during the five-year occupation of the Netherlands, Dr. van de Boom said. Of those, roughly a third were caught, the vast majority because of the efforts of a small band of paid collaborators known in Dutch as "Jodenjagers," or Jew hunters, he said.

"We don't know what happened exactly on that fateful day, and there is something intriguing about an open end in a narrative," said Ronald Leopold, the executive director of the Anne Frank House foundation, which runs the museum and conducts research into her life and death.

"Betrayers did not have the classical image we have of perpetrator, those uniformed faces of death," Mr. Leopold said.

The figure of the betrayer is important in the life of Anne Frank because, unlike the police and soldiers who would be responsible for her death, the betrayer was possibly known by the Frank family, and almost certainly was not someone wearing an official uniform.

The list of possible subjects has been growing as researchers have proposed new names and theories. While Wilhelm van Maaren, a warehouse foreman, was the primary focus in both Dutch police investigations, the new investigation is open to all possibilities.

"When Otto Frank returned, in the summer of 1945, he assumed someone gave them up," said Gertjan Broek, a senior historian at the Anne Frank House, which receives 1.3 million visitors a year. "It's always been a firmly held belief."

But while the idea that the police were tipped off has long been part of the Anne Frank story, not everyone is convinced that betrayal necessarily played a role.

Dr. Broek published a 37-page report in December proposing the theory that the police were at the address on another mission, and found the lodgers only by chance.

Researchers in the Netherlands have welcomed the new investigation, and Dr. Broek is serving as one of its advisers.

"What is new about this one is that it looks at the case with forensic eyes," Mr. Leopold said. "And we look forward to the results."

The investigative team - which also includes Roger Depue, a retired F.B.I. behavioral scientist, among its 20 members and consultants - hopes to reveal its progress on Aug. 4, 2019, exactly 75 years after the raid.

Thijs Bayens, an organizer of the investigation and a filmmaker who plans to make a documentary about it, said the cost of the work would run into six digits, and the group is collecting donations on its website. Mr. Pankoke is keeping a diary of the investigation on the group's website.

During his 27-year career, Mr. Pankoke said, he worked on a squad aimed at Colombian drug traffickers in the 1990s and investigated the cellphone communications of the Sept. 11 hijackers. Working in an undercover unit, he played the part of a financier to investigate crimes on Wall Street.

The new team has made progress already, Mr. Pankoke said. Someone claiming to be a neighbor of the now-famous annex left information on the investigators' tip page that pointed to another nearby resident as having collaborated with Nazis. Mr. Pankoke said his team would follow up.

He said he hoped that reopening the case would reawaken people's awareness of the Holocaust, memories of which he fears are receding in an era of genocides and other atrocities.

"Part of the story is being lost to the sands of time," Mr. Pankoke said. "If we accomplish nothing else - and I'm certain we will, I have a great team - we are bringing attention to the issue."

Correction: November 1, 2017

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Who Betrayed Anne Frank? Former F.B.I. Agent Reopens a Cold Case

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Those techniques may allow them to re-evaluate old evidence - for instance, whether the knock on the wall, described in Anne Frank's diary, was someone telling those hiding that they were being too loud, or whether it could have been a trap.